Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Akshay Vade, Ashok Athalye

Muhammad Junaid Saleem, Asfandyar Khan, Kashif Javed et al.

The study explores the development of stitched reinforced composites using Kevlar woven fabric as the primary reinforcement. The influence of stitching parameters, stitch type, needle type and stitches per cm (SPC) on the mechanical performance of the composites was systematically investigated. Kevlar fabric was stitched using different needle types and SPC values before being mechanically tested for tensile strength, delamination resistance and impact performance. The results demonstrate that composites stitched with a ballpoint needle using a chain stitch at 3.94 SPC exhibited the highest mechanical strength, with tensile strength increasing from 145 MPa (unstitched) to 191.5 MPa (lock stitch) and 240 MPa (chain stitch). Impact resistance improved from 98 kJ/m² (unstitched) to 133 kJ/m² (ballpoint needle, lock stitch), with chain-stitched composites showing even better performance due to the greater load distribution of the sewing thread and reduced fabric damage. Conversely, lock-stitched composites provided superior delamination resistance due to enhanced interlayer gripping. These findings highlight the potential of the developed composite for advanced protective applications, including bulletproof vests and aerospace structures requiring superior impact resistance and structural integrity.

Naresh Kumar, Vikas Mehta, Sushil Kumar et al.

Air pollution is increasing daily, causing global warming and many environmental issues, and it is also the cause of many diseases. According to many reports, brick kilns play a major role in the emission of black carbon that causes air pollution. It is necessary to find another way to produce bricks. The trend these days is to increase applications of natural fibers and eco-friendly materials and to reuse waste materials to control pollution. Synthetic and chemical materials are also causes of pollution, diseases, and even the deaths of many people. In this direction, eco-friendly materials were used to produce bricks. Abaca fiber, Pinus-Roxburghi leaves, fiber, wood, wheat straw, animal dung, sand, cement, phenolic resin, and gypsum were used in various percentages to create novel brick. In the investigation, it was discovered that hybrid natural fiber-based bricks had strong physical-mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and thermal stability properties, were light in weight, and had good sound absorption capabilities. Significant improvement of has been identified, AB-4 Brick shows the maximum porosity with 42.5% improvement as compared to AB-1 brick.

Sutlović Ana, Peček Vedrana, Brlek Iva

Given the global problems of the textile industry, there is increasing interest in revitalizing the use of natural dyes, with an emphasis on cellulose materials. This investigation presents the dyeing of cotton with natural mordant dyes plant origin. The following dye sources were selected: Stems and leaves of goldenrod, willow bark, stems with leaves and flowers of St. John's wort, hawthorn twigs with leaves and oak galls. All selected plants belong to the group of acid-mordant dyes due to their dyeing properties and bind to the fabric by forming a complex with metal salts (mordants). For this reason, the cotton material was treated with potassium aluminium sulphate dodecahydrate KAl(SO4)2 ·12H2O and iron(II) sulphate heptahydrate FeSO4·7H2O. Through the formation of the ligand: cotton fibre - metal ion - natural mordant dye, a wide range of harmonious shades was obtained. The dyes obtained were evaluated by subjective and objective spectrophotometric analysis. In addition, the fastness to laundering and artificial light was tested, which guarantees both the aesthetic and functional quality of the cotton fabrics dyed in this way.

Hesham M Fahmy, Alsaid Ahmed Almetwally

Castor oil (CAO)/poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) hybrid was synthesized at different reaction conditions including PVP/CAO weight ratio, temperature, and time. The results indicated that the optimum conditions to synthesis that hybrid is reacting of PVP having a molecular weight of 40,000 Da with CAO at a weight ratio of 30% and temperature of 150°C for 60 min. The synthesized hybrid was characterized via FTIR. Emulsification of such hybrid in water results in a white stable emulsion. The TEM analysis proved that the prepared emulsion of a particle size ranges from 320 to 370 nm. The technical feasibility to apply the produced emulsion for functional finishing of cotton fabric was studied. The results obtained indicated that treating cotton fabric with easy care finishing bath containing the synthesized emulsion results in enhancement in nitrogen content, tensile strength, whiteness index, stiffness, and antibacterial activities along with a decreasing in resiliency, wettability, and surface roughness properties of treated fabric, compared to the control sample. Moreover, incorporation of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO-NPs) or dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) in the above mentioned finishing bath enhances the functional properties of the finished fabric. Furthermore, dyeing fabric samples with different reactive and direct dyes followed by finishing using the aforementioned finishing bath, in absence of ZnO-NPs and DHBP, gives rise to an enhancement in the color strength of such samples compared to the dyed samples. The fastness to washing and perspiration of only the direct dye dyed/finished sample was improved. Almost all the dyed/finished samples exhibited an improvement in their fastness to the wet rubbing and alkaline perspiration along with a reduction in fastness to light. In addition, the SEM, as well as EDX analysis of treated fabric, was investigated.

Shuai Liu, Xiaotao Ma, Yuntong Ma et al.

Concrete canvas reinforced with spacer fabric has increasingly gained popularity due to its lightweight, great flexibility, high strength and low contamination compared to ordinary concrete. In order to fully explore the structure and performance of this novel composite, this review illustrates how to design high-performance concrete canvas and presents a summary of recent application status of it. Firstly, the structure and properties of knitted and woven spacer fabric and concrete material that comprise concrete canvas is introduced. Secondly, internal and external mechanisms affecting the properties of concrete canvas have been described. To illustrate how to evaluate and test the mechanical behavior of concrete canvas, typical mechanical experiments such as tensile and flexural experiment and failure mechanisms are explained. In terms of the characteristics of concrete canvas, the present article reviews current applications of it in disaster relief tent, slope protection, ditch lining and furniture design areas. Nevertheless, its practical applications are still in the preliminary stage, it is of great necessity to expand its application from the point of view of replacing traditional materials, changing structural design, external reinforcement and perfecting performance evaluation system.

Xiaoyu Han, Heng Guo, Yunli Wang et al.

Superfine wool powder is obtained from waste wool fiber by physical grinding. Its physicochemical properties are different from those of wool fiber, and it is widely used in industry. In order to clarify the dyeing behavior of wool powder, C. I. Reactive Yellow 145 dye was used to dye wool powder, and the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were systematically studied in this work. The adsorption kinetics of reactive dye on wool powder was found to adhere to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. At 60, 80 and 95°C, the half-dyeing time (t1/2) and diffusion coefficient were 2.37, 1.56 and 1.00 min, and 0.2045, 0.1611 and 0.1368 cm2·min−1, respectively. And the diffusion activation energy was −11.82 kJ·mol−1. A Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm was obtained. At 60, 80 and 95°C, the standard affinity was 18.17, 20.06 and 20.82 kJ·mol−1, respectively. And the dyeing enthalpy change and dyeing entropy change were 7.27 kJ·mol−1 and 0.077 kJ·mol−1·K−1, respectively. In addition, the specific surface area, morphology and dyeing properties of wool fiber were compared. Through the study on the dyeing physicochemical properties of wool powder, it provides a theoretical basis for people to understand and use wool powder.

Sanchita Biswas Murmu, Sanjoy Debnath, Chewang N. Bhutia

The physical and mechanical properties of German Angora rabbit fiber obtained from the Northeast region of India were studied. The fiber fineness, staple length, diameter, and medullation of the overall fleece of the rabbit were 0.22 ± 0.04 tex, 09.10 ± 2.21 cm, 23.5 ± 1.04 µm, and 85.46 ± 1.23%, respectively. The cross-sectional shape was found elliptical to oval, and the average tenacity, breaking elongation, specific work of rupture, and initial modulus were 24.78 ± 11.48 cN/tex, 28.78 ± 09.06%, 3.46 ± 2.31cN/tex, and 1065.13 ± 826.67 cN/tex, respectively. The whiteness index average ash and moisture content were 61.24 ± 2.32, 1.36 ± 0.12, and 10.43 ± 0.57%, respectively. Three blend ratios of Angora rabbit fiber and viscose fiber (50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) were used to make yarns having 55 tex, 86 tex, and 97 tex linear density from each blend. Tenacity and breaking elongation significantly (p = .00) increased with an increase in the rabbit fiber composition in the blend and was maximum at the 50:50 blend (7.79 ± 1.92 cN/tex and 7.64 ± 1.70%, respectively). Yarn diameter increased with the increase in yarn count. With the decrease in the rabbit fiber composition from 50% to 25% in the yarn, the friction coefficient increased and the abrasion resistance decreased significantly (p = .00).

Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh, Nabanita Saha, Tomas Saha et al.

This paper outlines an overview of recent research advances in different production technologies toward sustainable development of nonwoven naturally sourced materials as alternatives to conventional synthetic laminated and bovine leather in the footwear industry. The current state of the footwear industry as a major stakeholder in the fashion sector is discussed, its footprints on the environment, and key developments from nonwoven natural fibrous materials for different footwear components are highlighted. Lastly, the review discusses recent research innovations of naturally sourced fibrous materials as leather alternatives in the footwear sector with special focus on sustainability and material performance. In addition, challenges and limitations in terms of industrial scalability and market potential are outlined. In conclusion, featuring promising nonwoven natural fibrous leather alternatives obtained via up-cycling of agro-wastes using microbes and fungi may be used in the textile and shoe industries. Since the prepared sheets through simple and cost-effective processes visually resemble conventional leather and demonstrate comparable material and tactile properties.

Juvvi Siva Naga Raju, Melvin Victor Depoures, JABIHULLA Shariff et al.

This study investigated the physical, chemical, thermal, morphological, and XRD analysis of Symphirema involucratum stem fiber to establish its suitability in composite reinforcements. The investigation on chemical components proved that the fiber possesses a good amount of cellulose content (57.32%) with low lignin (13.85%), hemicellulose (12.47%), wax (0.56%), moisture (9.11%), and ash (9.05%) contents. The fiber showed a density of 1389 kg/m3, a diameter of 542.26 ± 10.32 µm, and a crystallinity index of 28.22%. Higher maximum degradation temperature (350°C) with a kinetic activation energy of 74.88 kJ/mol obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed the presence of high cellulose content at the intensities of the C-2, C-3, and C-5 lines. The microscopic examination of the SISF through a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy revealed that the fiber possesses quite a high coarse fracture surface with pores. The properties of the SISF propose its suitability toward use as an alternative to man-made synthetic fibers.

Surjit Ramamoorthy, Murugan Ramadoss, Palanisamy Kandhavadivu et al.

This study envisages prospective usage of chiengora fibers from pomeranian dog breed for textile applications. The pomeranian dog hair which is otherwise thrown as waste is made into knitted fabrics of 2 × 2 rib structure. The chiengora fibers are blended with polyester and acrylic in seven different blend proportions and yarns are produced using rotor spinning machine. The yarn and fabric properties are evaluated, compared with previous studies and the results are presented. The fiber loss in carding is higher at 5.83% for 100% chiengora yarns. The yarn properties depreciate with higher content of chiengora in the yarn. However, yarn quality index is better for 50/50 chiengora polyester content yarns at 6.77 similar to 6.78 of 25/75 chiengora acrylic yarns. The fabric properties dwindle with more chiengora content but better thermal insulation property with a clo value of 0.524 is observed for 100% pomeranian fabric. It is 29% higher than 100% woolen fabrics. One way ANOVA confirms significant difference in all the yarn and fabric properties between different blend proportions of each group. Specific end uses are provided for all the produced fabrics thereby leading to effective utilization of a sustainable fiber.

G. Rameshkannan, S. Ramesh Babu

Natural fiber’s hydrophilic property leads to reduced bond strength for its incompatibility with the matrix. This problem can be sorted out by treating the surface of the fiber. In this connection, the chemical, physical, thermal, and surface morphological properties of alkali-treated Arial root Ficus Amplissima fiber (ARFAF) have been investigated. By using the TGA, the alkali treatment of ARFAF was optimized, and 5% (w/v) NaOH and 45 min of the soaking period was found to be the best. Optimally treated ARFAF improved the cellulose content from (52.64 wt. %) to (61.67 wt. %) and reduced the hemicellulose from (10.64 wt. %) to (6.22 wt. %), crystallinity index improved from (39%) to (43.33%), tensile strength improved from (250.7 ± 11.26MPa) to (278.4 ± 13.20 MPa), thermal stability improved from (200°C) to (230°C), and it improved the surface topography compared with raw ARFAF.

Tamer Eren, Tuğba Danışan, Ayşegül Deringöz et al.

Abstract People have struggled with many infectious diseases throughout history. Today, the Covid-19 is being fought. One of the most important things for people who have or are at risk of getting Covid-19 is social isolation. Many countries resort to different ways to ensure social isolation. For this, remote patient monitoring systems have been developed. In this study, the problem of the selection of Covid-19 remote patient monitoring systems is discussed. Seven Wearable Health Technology (WHT) products were evaluated with a total of 10 criteria, including the important symptoms used in the patient tracking systems. The weights of 10 criteria determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were calculated, and these weights were used in the solution of The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) methods. WHT products were compared. As a result, the most appropriate patient follow-up system was determined. This study generates differences in terms of evaluating seven different products and ten criteria in total with MCDM methods. A more comprehensive evaluation has been made in the literature than the studies in this field.

Srebrenkoska Sara, Dukovski Vladimir

In the frame of this work, a robotic Automated fiber placement - AFP in situ process was applied to obtain high quality thermoplastic composite structures. Automated fiber placement (AFP) with laser assisted heating (LAFP) is an attractive manufacturing technology for the development of lightweight and high performance components, primarily for the aerospace, automotive, military and many other dominant industries worldwide. For the samples laminate plates produced with the AFP procedure, the flexural strength was investigated, and optical images were analyzed for irregularities such as pore content and weaker interlaminar bonding between the layers.

Đorđević Miodrag, Stojanović Sandra

In the process of loop formation, the weft knitting phase has a dominant place, both from the aspect of forming the loop as well as determination its length and geometric shape. The loop length is the most important technological parameter in the knitted fabrics structure analysis and it is directly a function of sinking depth. The yarn tension in the weft knitting phase is determined by the following parameters: values of yarn tension at the entrance to the knitting system, yarn friction with knitting needles, yarn guiding speed, yarn bending stiffness and yarn angle coverage with knitting needles. Determination the value of yarn tension in the weft knitting phase is extremely important for the reliability of the knitting process. The obtained results show that the maximum values of yarn tension in the loop formation process occur in the weft knitting phase and that they must not be greater than the forces of the elastic limit of the used yarn.

Rey Fernando García-Méndez, Carlos I. Cortés-Martínez, Armando Almendárez-Camarillo

The leaves of Agave angustifolia Haw are waste of the mezcal industry in Mexico, but also a source of lignocellulosic fibers. This study investigates the thermochemical and tensile properties of fibers mechanically extracted from agave leaves. Cellulose (61.8%) is the main component. Tensile strength and strain at failure decreased with the increase of gauge length, while opposite situation is observed with the Young’s modulus. An inverse relationship between tensile strength and fiber diameter was found. The fibers are thermo-stable until 260°C, probably due to their crystallinity and lignin content. The scanning electron micrographs show that fibers have a heterogeneous structure integrated by microfibers which are in turn composed by helical and jacketed tissue by an even film, both are responsible for conferring elasticity and strength to the fiber; however, the damage along their length and cross-sectional area may have a negative influence on their tensile properties.

Maimuna Akter, Fahim Bin Abdur Rahman, M. Zainal Abedin et al.

Disposal of reactive dye contaminants in surface waters causes serious health risks to the aquatic living bodies and populations adjacent to the polluted water sources. This study investigated the applicability of banana peels to remediate water contamination with reactive dyes used in the textile industry. A set of batch experiments was conducted using a standard dye solution to determine optimum adsorption parameters, and these parameters were used for the removal of dyes from actual wastewater. Fitting experimental data into the isotherm and kinetic models suggested monolayer dye adsorption with chemisorption rate-limiting step. The maximum adsorption found from modeling results was 28.8 mg/g. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed the existence of hydroxyl, amine and carboxylic groups, contributing to high adsorption of dye molecules onto the adsorbent surface. About 93% of the dyes from the standard solution were removed at optimum conditions (pH—7.0, initial dye concentration—100 mg/L, contact time—60 min, and adsorbent dose—0.5 g) while this value was 84.2% for industrial textile wastewater. This difference was mainly attributed to the composition difference between the solutions. However, the removal efficiency for actual wastewater is still significant, indicating the high potentiality of banana peel removing dyes from textile effluent. Furthermore, desorption studies showed about 95% of banana peel can be recovered with simple acid-base treatment.

Efremov Jordan, Kertakova Marija, Dimitrijeva-Kuzmanovska Vangja

Clothing and fashion allow the multiplication of multiple personalities into one human being. The tendency to be "someone else", even if it is only with some detail in the clothes, is based on the possibility of transformation of the individual. That transformation is done by masking man, more precisely, the aspiration of one person to transform at least for a short period of time. The possibilities offered by fashion, that a person can be someone else with the help of clothes, cosmetics or make-up are really great. One of the most important functions of clothing and apparel is to achieve a sense of spiritual balance. In fact, with the help of clothing, certain shortcomings of a person are compensated and, in that way, a certain psychological balance is achieved. The extent to which following fashion reduces the feeling of inferiority is seen in the fact that in most countries fashion is most closely followed by young people and immigrants, because it seems to them that dressing according to the latest fashion equals them with others.

Golomeova-Longurova Sashka, Demboski Goran, Jordeva Sonja et al.

The purpose of this paper was to select a fusible interlining in the production of men's shirts. The selection was based on bonding strength between the fabric and the interlining as a key property that defines the quality of the fusible interlining. The bonding strength was examined after fusing process and after five cycles of laundering. The fabric was fused with three fusible interlinings from different manufacturers and with different properties.