Hasil untuk "Technology (General)"

Rui Han, Xiaoyu Deng, Hebing Liu et al.

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) morbidity has been increasing in recent years. Patients with AP exhibit highly variable symptom patterns over time, posting challenges to traditional analytical methods. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) effectively aligns temporal sequences of different rhythms, offering a novel approach to model these complex dynamics.ObjectiveThis study employs DTW technology to systematically analyze the individualized developmental trajectories of symptom clusters in patients with AP, delving into the heterogeneous characteristics during the process of time series changes.MethodsIn a longitudinal study of 155 patients with AP, 32 symptoms were assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale at hospitalization and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-discharge. DTW was used to analyze temporal dynamics, generating individual symptom distance matrices. At the group level, these matrices are integrated using Distatis analysis, followed by hierarchical clustering to identify symptom clusters and network analysis to determine central symptoms.ResultsEach patient had unique symptom manifestations and dynamic change patterns. Six major symptom clusters were identified: emotional disorder cluster, appetite disorder cluster, multi-system physical discomfort cluster, localized physiological perception abnormality cluster, functional decline cluster, and abdominal discomfort cluster. Centrality analysis revealed that the appetite domain exhibited high centrality, suggesting that its variation may influence multiple aspects of patient experience.ConclusionDynamic Time Warping provides a novel and effective approach for analyzing the temporal trajectories of symptoms both within and across individuals. The research results provide methodological support and empirical evidence for individualized symptom management, early intervention, and predictive model construction of AP progression.

Xiangdong Xu, Lin Chen, Hewei Meng et al.

To explore the vibration transmission characteristics of jujube mechanical harvesting, and optimize the relationship between vibration input and dynamic response of jujube branches, the vibration characteristics simulation and layered vibration test of jujube branches were carried out. The jujube branch model was established by means of three-dimensional scanning and reverse reconstruction. The natural frequency and suitable vibration parameter range of the jujube branch model were obtained by simulation. Finally, the stratified vibration field experiment of jujube branch was carried out. The results show that there are multi-order natural frequencies of jujube branch in the range of 0–30 Hz. The typical vibration modes include the overall deformation of jujube branch, the deformation of unilateral branch and the deformation of the end of twigs. The resonance frequencies of the measuring points on different branches are mostly close, but the frequencies of the maximum peaks on different paths are different, which is often related to the branch path. The optimal working parameter combination under layered vibration is: the lower layer excitation frequency and amplitude are 5.80 Hz and 7.00 mm, the upper layer excitation frequency and amplitude are 15.60 Hz and 8.50 mm. Under this parameter combination, the acceleration of the measuring point on the fine branch is closest to the separation acceleration. Under this parameter combination, the average harvest rate is 88.74 %. The research can provide reference for the development of forest fruit vibration harvesting machinery.

S. K. Malick, V. Chavan, V. Chavan et al.

Geospatial technologies are rapidly emerging as pivotal tools for advancing sustainable urban and rural development through citizen empowerment in India and worldwide. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed and grey literature to examine their integration with global frameworks, such as the SDGs, Paris Agreement, and Sendai Framework, while aligning with Indian initiatives like NAPCC, Smart Cities, Digital India, SVAMITVA, AMRUT, and the National Geospatial Policy 2022, with emphasis on the citizen as a crucial feedback factor. Employing thematic mapping and comparative analysis between the Global North and South, we evaluate applications in urban planning, mobility, energy, resilience, and health, highlighting platforms like PPGIS, VGI, Bhuvan, and 'Know Your DIGIPIN' for participatory data collection and decision-making.</p> <p>Our analysis reveals regional disparities in India, with the southern zone leading in innovation (35% adoption) and the eastern region focussing on disaster management (15%), along with global successes in disaster relief, welfare targeting, and immunisation tracking. Quantitative impacts include India's geospatial market growth to ₹63,000 crores by 2025 and AMRUT 2.0's rapid water and sewerage coverage expansion in many major cities. However, persistent challenges include technical knowledge gaps in academia, insufficient institutional support for geospatial startups, and barriers like low digital literacy and language limitations that restrict broader participation.</p> <p>We recommend enhanced geospatial education, open data policies, vernacular interfaces, and inclusive citizen science frameworks to bridge these gaps, foster equitable participation, and realise geospatial intelligence's full potential for resilient, data-driven sustainability.

Ly Ngoc Yen Nhi* , Nguyen Thi Tuong Vi, Pham Yen Linh, Pham Hoang Bao Vy, Pham Nguyen Ngoc Thu

Today, academic support services have become increasingly important to universities because they can help students develop knowledge and skills to more easily achieve success during university studies, thereby contributing to developing the reputation of training institutions. Therefore, many universities around the world have increasingly focused on developing academic support services. In Vietnam, academic support services at universities have begun to receive attention but have not really reached the quality commensurate with learners' requirements. Through understanding the theoretical basis of the quality of academic support services in higher education, as well as analyzing the current status of the quality of academic support services at a number of domestic and world universities, the study proposes a number of recommendations on improving the quality of academic support services to contribute to the innovation of Vietnamese higher education.

Mohammad Souri, Sohail Elahi, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli et al.

Abstract Intratumoral delivery and localized chemotherapy have demonstrated promise in tumor treatment; however, the rapid drainage of therapeutic agents from well-vascularized tumors limits their ability to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, innovative approaches are needed to enhance treatment efficacy in such tumors. This study utilizes a mathematical modeling platform to assess the efficacy of combination therapy using anti-angiogenic drugs and drug-loaded nanoparticles. Anti-angiogenic drugs are included to reduce blood microvascular density and facilitate drug retention in the extracellular space. In addition, incorporating negatively charged nanoparticles aims to enhance diffusion and distribution of therapeutic agents within well-vascularized tumors. The findings indicate that, in the case of direct injection of free drugs, using compounds with lower drainage rates and higher diffusion coefficients is beneficial for achieving broader diffusion. Otherwise, drugs tend to accumulate primarily around the injection site. For instance, the drug doxorubicin, known for its rapid drainage, requires the prior direct injection of an anti-angiogenic drug with a high diffusion rate to reduce microvascular density and facilitate broader distribution, enhancing penetration depth by 200%. Moreover, the results demonstrate that negatively charged nanoparticles effectively disperse throughout the tissue due to their high diffusion coefficient. In addition, a faster drug release rate from nanoparticles further enhance treatment efficacy, achieving the necessary concentration for complete eradication of tumor compared to slower drug release rates. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing negatively charged nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapy drugs exhibiting high release rates for localized chemotherapy through intratumoral injection in well-vascularized tumors.

Mauricio Figueroa-Torres

The development and deployment of chatbot technology, while spanning decades and employing different techniques, require innovative frameworks to understand and interrogate their functionality and implications. A mere technocentric account of the evolution of chatbot technology does not fully illuminate how conversational systems are embedded in societal dynamics. This study presents a structured examination of chatbots across three societal dimensions, highlighting their roles as objects of scientific research, commercial instruments, and agents of intimate interaction. Through furnishing a dimensional framework for the evolution of conversational systems, from laboratories to marketplaces to private lives, this article contributes to the wider scholarly inquiry of chatbot technology and its impact in lived human experiences and dynamics.

Nadya Bliss, Kevin Butler, David Danks et al.

Recent years have seen increased awareness of the potential significant impacts of computing technologies, both positive and negative. This whitepaper explores how to address possible harmful consequences of computing technologies that might be difficult to anticipate, and thereby mitigate or address. It starts from the assumption that very few harms due to technology are intentional or deliberate; rather, the vast majority result from failure to recognize and respond to them prior to deployment. Nonetheless, there are concrete steps that can be taken to address the difficult problem of anticipating and responding to potential harms from new technologies.

Mihai Christodorescu, Ryan Craven, Soheil Feizi et al.

The rise of Generative AI (GenAI) brings about transformative potential across sectors, but its dual-use nature also amplifies risks. Governments globally are grappling with the challenge of regulating GenAI, balancing innovation against safety. China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) are at the forefront with initiatives like the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations, the Executive Order, and the AI Act, respectively. However, the rapid evolution of GenAI capabilities often outpaces the development of comprehensive safety measures, creating a gap between regulatory needs and technical advancements. A workshop co-organized by Google, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), and Stanford University aimed to bridge this gap between GenAI policy and technology. The diverse stakeholders of the GenAI space -- from the public and governments to academia and industry -- make any safety measures under consideration more complex, as both technical feasibility and regulatory guidance must be realized. This paper summarizes the discussions during the workshop which addressed questions, such as: How regulation can be designed without hindering technological progress? How technology can evolve to meet regulatory standards? The interplay between legislation and technology is a very vast topic, and we don't claim that this paper is a comprehensive treatment on this topic. This paper is meant to capture findings based on the workshop, and hopefully, can guide discussion on this topic.

Mahender Kumar, Ruby Rani, Mirko Botarelli et al.

Ontologies play a critical role in Semantic Web technologies by providing a structured and standardized way to represent knowledge and enabling machines to understand the meaning of data. Several taxonomies and ontologies have been generated, but individuals target one domain, and only some of those have been found expensive in time and manual effort. Also, they need more coverage of unconventional topics representing a more holistic and comprehensive view of the knowledge landscape and interdisciplinary collaborations. Thus, there needs to be an ontology covering Science and Technology and facilitate multidisciplinary research by connecting topics from different fields and domains that may be related or have commonalities. To address these issues, we present an automatic Science and Technology Ontology (S&TO) that covers unconventional topics in different science and technology domains. The proposed S&TO can promote the discovery of new research areas and collaborations across disciplines. The ontology is constructed by applying BERTopic to a dataset of 393,991 scientific articles collected from Semantic Scholar from October 2021 to August 2022, covering four fields of science. Currently, S&TO includes 5,153 topics and 13,155 semantic relations. S&TO model can be updated by running BERTopic on more recent datasets

Xinting Liu, Yanli Wang, Xiaoxiao Ying et al.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), chorioretinal thickness and vascular density as well as their relationships in subjects with simple early-stage high myopia.MethodsEighty-one young subjects were enrolled in this study. They were categorized into the simple high myopia group (sHM, n = 51) and the low-moderate myopia group (control group, n = 30). Monocular CSF under best correction was measured with the qCSF method. Retinal superficial and deep vascular density, inner and outer retinal thickness and choroidal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography.ResultsThe area under log CSF (AULCSF) and cutoff spatial frequency (Cutoff SF) of the sHM group were significantly reduced compared to those of the control group (P = 0.003 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). The parafoveal and perifoveal retinal thickness, deep vascular density and choroidal thickness were also significantly reduced in the sHM group (all P &lt; 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that AULCSF was significantly correlated with retinal deep vascular density, outer retinal thickness in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas (all P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionCompared to low to moderate myopic eyes, patients with simple high myopia have thinner retinal and choroidal thickness, lower retinal vascular density, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Moreover, the CSF was correlated with the measures of chorioretinal structure and vasculature. The results suggest that the CSF is a sensitive functional endpoint in simple early-stage high myopia.

RT Pramod, Michael A Cohen, Joshua B Tenenbaum et al.

Successful engagement with the world requires the ability to predict what will happen next. Here, we investigate how the brain makes a fundamental prediction about the physical world: whether the situation in front of us is stable, and hence likely to stay the same, or unstable, and hence likely to change in the immediate future. Specifically, we ask if judgments of stability can be supported by the kinds of representations that have proven to be highly effective at visual object recognition in both machines and brains, or instead if the ability to determine the physical stability of natural scenes may require generative algorithms that simulate the physics of the world. To find out, we measured responses in both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the brain (using fMRI) to natural images of physically stable versus unstable scenarios. We find no evidence for generalizable representations of physical stability in either standard CNNs trained on visual object and scene classification (ImageNet), or in the human ventral visual pathway, which has long been implicated in the same process. However, in frontoparietal regions previously implicated in intuitive physical reasoning we find both scenario-invariant representations of physical stability, and higher univariate responses to unstable than stable scenes. These results demonstrate abstract representations of physical stability in the dorsal but not ventral pathway, consistent with the hypothesis that the computations underlying stability entail not just pattern classification but forward physical simulation.

Yang Jiang, Zhe Xue, Ang Li

Since the era of big data, the Internet has been flooded with all kinds of information. Browsing information through the Internet has become an integral part of people's daily life. Unlike the news data and social data in the Internet, the cross-media technology information data has different characteristics. This data has become an important basis for researchers and scholars to track the current hot spots and explore the future direction of technology development. As the volume of science and technology information data becomes richer, the traditional science and technology information retrieval system, which only supports unimodal data retrieval and uses outdated data keyword matching model, can no longer meet the daily retrieval needs of science and technology scholars. Therefore, in view of the above research background, it is of profound practical significance to study the cross-media science and technology information data retrieval system based on deep semantic features, which is in line with the development trend of domestic and international technologies.

Hermann Edlbauer, Junliang Wang, Thierry Crozes et al.

The progress of charge manipulation in semiconductor-based nanoscale devices opened up a novel route to realise a flying qubit with a single electron. In the present review, we introduce the concept of these electron flying qubits, discuss their most promising realisations and show how numerical simulations are applicable to accelerate experimental development cycles. Addressing the technological challenges of flying qubits that are currently faced by academia and quantum enterprises, we underline the relevance of interdisciplinary cooperation to move emerging quantum industry forward. The review consists of two main sections: Pathways towards the electron flying qubit: We address three routes of single-electron transport in GaAs-based devices focusing on surface acoustic waves, hot-electron emission from quantum dot pumps and Levitons. For each approach, we discuss latest experimental results and point out how numerical simulations facilitate engineering the electron flying qubit. Numerical modelling of quantum devices: We review the full stack of numerical simulations needed for fabrication of the flying qubits. Choosing appropriate models, examples of basic quantum mechanical simulations are explained in detail. We discuss applications of open-source (KWANT) and the commercial (nextnano) platforms for modelling the flying qubits. The discussion points out the large relevance of software tools to design quantum devices tailored for efficient operation.

Bandar Alsulaimani, Amanul Islam

The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a fundamental change in how we live, work, and relate to one another. It is a new chapter in human development with remarkable technological advancements comparable to those of the first, second, and third industrial revolutions. These developments are fusing the physical, digital, and biological worlds in ways that hold great promise as well as the possibility of great danger. The way that modern people live and work is changing as a result of disruptive technologies and trends including the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI). This is known as the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 refers to the incorporation of these technologies into production processes. In this article, we discussed the history of 4IR technology, its impact of 4IR technology, and its impact on the current deployment.

Eleftherios Tzagkarakis, Haridimos Kondylakis, George Vardakis et al.

Advances in computers and communications have significantly changed almost every aspect of our daily activity. In this maze of change, governments around the world cannot remain indifferent. Public administration is evolving and taking on a new form through e-government. A large number of organizations have set up websites, establishing an online interface with the citizens and businesses with which it interacts. However, most organizations, especially the decentralized agencies of the ministries and local authorities, do not offer their information electronically despite the fact that they provide many information services that are not integrated with other e-government services. Besides, these services are mainly focused on serving citizens and businesses and less on providing services to employees. In this paper, we describe the process of developing an ontology to support the administrative procedures of decentralized government organizations. Finally, we describe the development of an e-government portal that provides employees services that are processed online, using the above ontology for modeling and data management.

Fethi Sebaa, Benattou Bouchouicha

The aim of this work is the study of the fatigue behaviour of API X60 steel and the influence of thermal and mechanical treatments. The evaluation of the integrity and safety of welded structures dictates the approach taken in this research. The microstructural observations on the different zones of the weld seam indicates that the variation of heterogeneous structure is a progressive destruction of the strips of lamination which cause a new phase leading to a drop in the mechanical properties requiring treatment after welding. The fatigue cracking rate diverges beyond the threshold of ??, but no deviation of the crack from its propagation axis was noticed, which confirms the correct choice of filler metal over that of the base metal with an overmatching M = 1.1, and the treatments applied to the structure. This fatigue cracking rate transversal to the welding direction initially presents an aspect similar to that of BM but registers a delay as soon as the crack tip enters the second zone (HAZ) then it progresses rapidly. This evolution is characterized by a disturbance due to the repeated change of microstructure.

Mathew Alex

Quantum Technologies is a term that is getting broader with every passing year. Nanotechnology and electronics operate in this realm. With the invention of industry-disrupting algorithms like Shor's algorithm that can break RSA encryption on a quantum computer and Quantum Key Distribution, which offers unconditional security in theory, investment is pouring in. Here we taxonomize and analyze 48,577 patents in this area from 2015 to present captured with a comprehensive query in Relecura's patent database. The author's subject experience, along with the company's AI-based tools and scholarly literature, were utilized to make this highly subjective choice of taxonomy. Though most Patent Landscape Analysis Reports consider a single technology, geography, or company, we have tried to give a holistic overview of these technologies as a whole due to their collaborative and intertwined nature. The physics of each technology and its role in the industry is briefly explained where possible.

Damian Giebas, Rafał Wojszczyk

This paper extends multithreaded application source code model and shows how to using it to detect deadlocks in C language applications. Four known deadlock scenarios from literature can be detected using our model. For every scenario we created theorems and proofs whose fulfillment guarantees the occurrence of deadlocks in multithreaded applications. Paper also contains comparison of multithreaded application source code model and Petri nets and describe advantages and disadvantages both of them.

Bond, Diana M, Hammond, Jeremy, Shand, Antonia W et al.

BackgroundTraditional data collection methods using paper and email are increasingly being replaced by data collection using mobile phones, although there is limited evidence evaluating the impact of mobile phone technology as part of an automated research management system on data collection and health outcomes. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare a web-based mobile phone automated system (MPAS) with a more traditional delivery and data collection system combining paper and email data collection (PEDC) in a cohort of breastfeeding women. MethodsWe conducted a substudy of a randomized controlled trial in Sydney, Australia, which included women with uncomplicated term births who intended to breastfeed. Women were recruited within 72 hours of giving birth. A quasi-randomized number of women were recruited using the PEDC system, and the remainder were recruited using the MPAS. The outcomes assessed included the effectiveness of data collection, impact on study outcomes, response rate, acceptability, and cost analysis between the MPAS and PEDC methods. ResultsWomen were recruited between April 2015 and December 2016. The analysis included 555 women: 471 using the MPAS and 84 using the PEDC. There were no differences in clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. At the end of the 8-week treatment phase, the MPAS group showed an increased response rate compared with the PEDC group (56% vs 37%; P<.001), which was also seen at the 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. At the 2-month follow-up, the MPAS participants also showed an increased rate of self-reported treatment compliance (70% vs 56%; P<.001) and a higher recommendation rate for future use (95% vs 64%; P<.001) as compared with the PEDC group. The cost analysis between the 2 groups was comparable. ConclusionsMPAS is an effective and acceptable method for improving the overall management, treatment compliance, and methodological quality of clinical research to ensure the validity and reliability of findings.

Sang Whan Han, Hyun Woo Jee

Ground motions are used as input for the response history analyses of a structure. However, the number of ground motions recorded at a site located in low-to-moderate seismic regions such as the Korean Peninsula is few. In this case, artificial ground motions need to be used, which can reflect the characteristics of source mechanism, travel path, and site geology. On 15 November, 2017, the Pohang earthquake, with a magnitude of 5.4 and a focal depth of 9 km, occurred near the city of Pohang. This earthquake caused the most significant economic loss among the earthquakes that occurred in the Korean Peninsula. During the Pohang earthquake, valuable ground motions were recorded at stations distributed in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, a ground motion model is proposed based on ground motions recorded during the 2017 Pohang earthquake. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing measured and simulated ground motions at 111 recording stations.