Speculative Design offers a methodological toolbox with which to explore, and potentially legitimize, alternative models and modes of knowledge through world-building not based on, or not yet based on, socially normalised ‘truths’. However, a problematic dichotomy remains: whilst a neutral, transparent and universal truth may be a fantasy construct, the disturbance of such a construct through individual embodiments is no simple alternative. It requires a careful observation of the modes and assumptions, the premises and processes of different knowledge-generating practices within the confines of academia and beyond. In short, it requires actual (not simply professed) inter- and trans-disciplinarity; in other words: actual working together. So: How do we work together? Drawing from a range of different disciplines and hybrid forms of research, including artistic research, design, philosophy, and various types of embodied practice, the team members of Spec Space, the Laboratory for Speculative Design Research at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW), attempted to perform this inter- and trans-disciplinarity on the stage of the Performance Philosophy conference in Helsinki. They demonstrate different ways of knowing, approaching and triangulating the question of what can emerge, once the traditional domains of academia and science (“Wissenschaft”), are no longer regarded as exclusive sites for knowledge production.
Автор статті досліджує філософську спадщину відомого індусько-англійсько-американського мандрованого проповідника, духовного вчителя, Джидду Крішнамурті. У ній розглядається його підхід до мислення та розуму, а також їхнє відношення до фундаментальної реальності, яку він називає ґрунтом. Цей підхід порівнюється з європейським новочасним проєктом раціональності, створеного раціоналістами та психологами-емпіриками. Відтак, у підсумку автор висновує, що Джидду Крішнамурті створив власну концепцію розумності, заснованої на осяянні, а сама осяйна розумність має гносеологічний, епістемологічний та онтологічний статус. Гносеологічний статус осяйної розумності полягає у безпосередньому сприйнятті фундаментальної реальності; епістемологічний статус – у наданні людині доступу до гнозису про таку реальність; онтологічний статус полягає у тому, що лише осяйна розумність може досягнути того, що лежить в основі дуальної та суперечливої видимості, а саме: єдиного, цілісного, нечасового та непросторового ґрунту.
Charles S. Pierce’s Pragmatic Maxim. Some epistemological issues
In this paper, my aims to think over Misak’s opinion on Peirce’s pragmatic maxim. Firstly, I introduce the 1878 formulation of the pragmatic maxim in order to show its verificationist character. Secondly, I present the 1905 expression of the pragmatic maxim so as to exhibit its non-empiricist nature. Thirdly, I argue that Misak barks up the wrong tree deeming that the second formulation of the pragmatic maxim is so weak that it cannot balance the detriments of the verificationist formulation. Finally, I claim that the 1905 expression of the pragmatic maxim is neither so loose that it is useless nor so strict that it rules out meaningful statements.
Este artículo pone el foco en el estigma social que padecen los migrantes y las personas que se han vuelto económicamente “inútiles” y dependen de las prestaciones sociales para sobrevivir. Se examinan algunos de los mecanismos que conducen a ese estigma, a saber, los relacionados con doctrinas sistémicas –definidas como un sistema de creencias, valores, normas sociales y prácticas sociales– que impregnan la estructura de una sociedad e influyen en las interacciones sociales.
Liliane Barreira Sanchez, Jaqueline da Cunha Motta
This article presents the main points of the program "Philosophy for Children", created by the North American philosopher Matthew Lipman in the 1960s, which proposes the introduction of the philosophy discipline in elementary education and in children's education, exposing its foundations and methods. It explains some key concepts of the program, such as the ideal of democracy and the "research community", analyzing its relationship with the school system and the instituted society. It criticizes some of its aspects and questions the coherence and pertinence of its philosophical pretension and critical formation, contrasting its ideal anthropological model, based on the valorization of the rational potential of the human, to an anthropological vision less defined and delimited.
El argumento del zombi, formulado por Chalmers (1996) contra la tesis según la cual la conciencia fenomenal es una propiedad de naturaleza física, supone que toda propiedad de un sistema físico compuesto superviene (lógicamente) a partir de sus constituyentes fundamentales. En este texto, desarrollo en qué consiste esta suposición y muestro que la filosofía de la física brinda buenas razones para cuestionarla. En este orden de ideas, concluyo que el argumento del zombi no descarta una posición sobre la conciencia que la conciba como una propiedad física emergente, en el sentido de la emergencia-S (Howard, 2007). Termino discutiendo algunas objeciones.
S. V. Skryabina, S. A. Kovyazina, S. V. Kuzmin
et al.
Objective. In the Russian Federation on the background of the sporadic incidence of measles, the trend is not highly uniform distribution of morbidity on territories of the country with the formation of local outbreaks, including the result of nosocomial infection. Find out the causes of the outbreak, for example the territory, for 15 years keeping and epidemic well-being in relation to measles, high vaccination coverage in children and adults, to assess the capacity of health care organizations and epidemiology to prevent the spread of measles and the elimination of flash was the goal of this research.Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was held: the incidence of measles for the period 2001–2016 in the Sverdlovskiy region ; 76 «Cards epidemiological case investigation suspected measles», was from October to December 2016; the analysis of the extraordinary and final reports of the measles outbreak, reports on the activities carried out in the outbreak of measles. Laboratory verification of cases suspected were examined the ELISA method in the Perm regional centre, on the basis of detection of specific IgM and/or IgG increase. Molecular genetic research of 15 clinical specimens were performed at the Scientific- methodical centre on supervision of measles and rubella (Gabrichevsky Research Institute by Epidemiology & Microbiology», Moscow).Results. During the period c from 40 to 51 week of 2016 measles ill 76 people, mostly (66 persons) residents of the city of Yekaterinburg. Prevailed among the infected children was 67% (51 persons), usually not vaccinated against this infection – 90% (46) of children had a measles vaccination. All cases were laboratory confirmed. Expected sources or place of infection was established in 90.8% of cases. Among cases and 72.4% (55 persons) amounted to unvaccinated against measles, 11.8 per cent(9 people) were vaccinated once, of 15.8% (12) had a two-fold vaccination. In 8 hospitals was 8 foci of measles, 6 of which had spread. Among the cases of measles identified in health facilities, 35 children and 19 adults, including 5 health workers and 3 medical students. The formation of foci of nosocomial infection contributed to missed cases of measles, late diagnosis, significantly reduce the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures. The results of molecular genetic studies of 15 clinical samples of patients selected at 42–44, and 47–49 weeks possible to establish the circulating strains of measles virus genotype D8. Epidemiological investigations and the common genetic variant circulating genotypes, selected at different stages of measles spread from different foci made it possible to combine all cases in one outbreak. Analysis of clinical manifestations of measles have testified to the fact that measles is proceeded typically in 92.2% of cases. Eleven drifts infection in educational institutions of Ekaterinburg was not accompanied by the secondary spread, indicating good collective immunity.Conclusion. Thus, a retrospective epidemiological analysis of outbreaks of measles showed that in conditions of sporadic measles in doctors reduced vigilance against measles. Late diagnosis of measles and as a consequence of its failure to carry out anti- epidemic measures led to the spread of infection, as well as skid measles in other medicine organization, which consisted of nosocomial foci. The present outbreak showed that measles requires constant attention, especially during her long absence in the region. It is only possible to prevent sustained secondary transmission if measles vaccination coverage is high for the entire population.
In present-day society, the need to manage indigenous knowledge is widely recognised. However, there is a debate in progress on whether or not indigenous knowledge can be easily managed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of using knowledge management models like knowledge creation theory in the management of indigenous knowledge. The paper defines knowledge creation as a process that stems from accumulating information, while knowledge transfer refers to “the transfer of knowledge to places and people, where it is needed to be used to fulfil some activity or task”. This paper presents the literature which was used to review and to explore previous studies in the IK and knowledge creation Model (KCM) particularly on the possibility of using knowledge creation theory to inform the management of indigenous knowledge. Despite criticism of KCM, the model/theory can potentially be applied to link tacit and explicit knowledge and by extension IK through four modes of the knowledge creation: socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation as revealed in the wide use of the model in knowledge management in society and organisations.
Que contribuição a filosofia de Fichte pode dar à ontologia? Fichte posicionou-se claramente contra a ontologia enquanto descrição dos entes, isto é, contra a ontologia descritiva. A doutrina da ciência desenvolve pois uma ontologia prescritiva que pode ser entendida como um tipo de “ontologia performativa”.
A tradução árabe de alguns trechos do tratado de metafísica Elementatio Theologiae de Proclo, conhecida com o nome de Liber de Causis e atribuída erroneamente a Aristóteles, influenciou três grandes pensadores dominicanos da Idade Média: Alberto Magno, Tomás de Aquino e Meister Eckhart. Composto de trinta e uma proposições, defende a tese da existência de uma causa primeira que dá o ser a tudo o que existe, sem nenhuma exceção. Os estudiosos são unânimes em reconhecer que este livro pseudo-epigráfico possui um peso relevante nos momentos centrais da obra eckhartiana, tanto latina quanto alemã. Em particular, o turíngio lança mão da auctoritas do Liber de Causis para sustentar a imanência-transcendência simultânea da Causa Primeira nas criaturas, a doutrina da hierarquia dos entes, a concepção do ser como ratio prima da criaturalidade, a inefabilidade de Deus. Além desses aspectos ontológicos, este trabalho apresenta também o aspecto especificamente antropológico do esvaziamento de toda criatura como conditio sine qua non para a união com o único Uno (einic ein), como traço inconfundível da presença do Liber de Causis na obra de Meister Eckhart.
O Monismo de Triplo-Aspecto (MTA) pretende propor uma metafísica da mente com um lugar explicativo para a consciência. Ao mesmo tempo em que está atento à multiplicidade de níveis ontológicos necessários para promover uma descrição completa da mente, o MTA tenta propor uma unidade. Tenho certeza que essa empreitada
aparentemente paradoxal será alvo de críticas de outros comentaristas, mas, este para mim não está dentre os problemas principais da teoria. Acredito que existem três problemas principais com o MTA e o objetivo desse comentário é focar nesses problemas para possivelmente ajudar Alfredo Pereira Jr. a aprimorar o MTA.