Hasil untuk "Social Sciences"

H. Moed

Gamze Kaplan, Shruti Garg, Ming Wai Wan et al.

Online interviewing has allowed cost-effective data collection and access to diverse, geographically dispersed populations. However, these benefits come with significant risks to research integrity, particularly in terms of attracting potential scammer participants—individuals who volunteer to take part in research by creating a false identity that fits the eligibility criteria for a research study. This paper explores our experiences in conducting online interviews for a qualitative health research study involving expectant parents with a rare genetic condition. We outline the strategies we implemented to deter fraudulent interest and participation at different stages of recruitment and data collection and share our critical reflections on how we managed these challenges. This paper highlights how Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted software may help scammers to evade detection, representing a new external threat to the validity with online qualitative research. We provide practical recommendations for safeguarding qualitative research in the digital age, along with a checklist for the design stage, informed by recent technological advancements and lessons learned from our study.

Carlos Cabanzo, Favio Cala Vitery, Ingrid Fonseca

This study aims to analyze the influence of the discourse of international organizations on university social responsibility (USR), from international organizations, in the policy and management frameworks of the State University System in Colombia. Then, we reviewed institutional documents of global and regional organizations, as well as educational policy documents from higher education institutions. Using Atlas Ti. 23 software, our findings indicate that universities adopt the models proposed by international organizations with different approaches. The policy and management frameworks, aligned with François Vallaeys’“impact” perspective, emphasize the importance of tangible results. Seven of the universities studied articulate a well-defined USR policy, with most integrating it into extension and outreach processes. We conclude that USR should be related to education, initiative integration, management, research, organizational culture, and management indicators. We recommend further studies on how USR policies are integrated in higher education institutions.

Shahid Mahmood, Asifa Iqbal, Amel Ali Alhussan et al.

Abstract This study investigates the pivotal role of political stability, good governance, and institutional support in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 11, and 12 in Pakistan, an emerging economy. SDG 7 deals with affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, SDG 11 deals with sustainable cities and communities and SDGs 12 promotes sustainable consumption and production patterns. The data was collected using a quantitative method from various sources, including the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, the Ministry of Climate Change, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, and various NGOs involved in issues such as renewable energy, sustainable cities, and responsible consumption. The collected data was analyzed by using SMART PLS. This study concludes that political stability serves as the foundation for achieving sustainable development goals. It has been observed that the implementation of good governance, which includes principles of transparency, accountability, and public participation, significantly enhances the effectiveness of policies aimed at achieving these SDGs. More specifically, sufficient financial resources and appropriate physical infrastructure are identified as key factors in addressing challenges related to Pakistan’s sustainable development goals. Policymakers should also prioritize investments in sustainable infrastructure projects that align with SDGs 7, 11, and 12, such as investing in renewable energy sources, sustainable urban development, and promoting responsible consumption and production practices.

Dambar Bahadur Khadka, Tikaram Pahadi, Sunil Aryal et al.

Proteases are large group of highly demanded enzymes having huge application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Numerous sources, including plants, microorganisms, and animals, can be used to obtain protease. Due to its affordability and safety consideration, fermented foods have recently attracted more attention as a source of microbial protease. The present study aimed to extract protease from kinema, partially purify the extracted protease following dialysis after precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and determine general characteristics of protease. The kinema having highest proteolysis activity after three days of control fermentation (Temperature 30±2 °C, RH 66 ± 2%) was taken for the study. About 2.45 fold of purification with overall recovery of 63.21% was achieved after precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 30–70% saturation level followed by dialysis of crude extracted protease. The dialysed kinema protease had specific activity of 7.90 U/mg. The enzyme remained actively functional across a wider pH (5–9) and temperature (40-60 °C) range. SDS-PAGE and Zymogram confirmed the presence of three major active bands respectively of 29.04 kDa, 36.09 kDa and 46.35 kDa in the kinema protease extract. The enzyme kinetics data on casein, fitted to Mechaelis Mentens’ plots showed the protease had Vmax of 1.001 U/ml with corresponding Km value of 0.825 mg/ml. Metal ions such as iron, mercury and aluminium showed the inhibition effect whereas presence of sodium, zinc, and calcium shows the activation effect on protease performance. The enzyme was active over various natural substrates; showing maximal activity on casein, and subsequent to bovine serum albumin, gelatin, hemoglobin and whey protein respectively. Furthermore, molecular weight distribution of the protease extract and activity inhibition with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting the protease from kinema could be a metal dependent serine protease or mixture of them.

Freydoun Sabziani, AbdulKhalegh Gholami Chenarestan Olia, Mohammad Tamimi

This research has been done with the aim of providing a sustainable development model for the Saderat Bank of Iran based on professional ethics. The current research is of the type of mixed exploratory research projects; based on this, first, using the qualitative approach, the dimensions, components, and indicators of the factors involved in the model of sustainable development based on professional ethics in the field of human resources management have been identified, and the initial research model has been designed. Next, based on the information obtained from the previous step, the model was validated (quantitative approach). The participants in the qualitative section included experts, managers, and senior experts in the development of sustainability and professional ethics in the Iran Export Bank network. The analysis of the data obtained from each in-depth interview continued using cluster and stratified random sampling and continued until the level of theoretical saturation and data sufficiency. In this way, a sample of 17 experts was invited for an interview. The population studied in the quantitative research, that is, to measure and confirm the fit of the model, their managers and deputies, and their senior experts who have years of experience, knowledge, and skills in various matters in the field of banking services, from which a sample of 400 was selected, Data collection has been done in two qualitative and quantitative parts, respectively, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis has been done in the qualitative part with thematic analysis methods and MAXQUDA software, and in the quantitative part with interpretive structural modeling methods, partial least squares, and Smart PLS software. Factors including economic factors, social factors, environmental factors, strategic factors, professional ethics factors, sustainability disclosure, green human resource management, supply chain management, sustainable value creation, and psychological factors as the main themes of the sustainability development model with a professional ethics approach in the bank Exports were identified. The findings of the quantitative section, while confirming the research hypotheses, showed that the proposed model has good validity.

Aqshal Surya Suhada, Kusmiyanti Kusmiyanti

This study aims to see whether electronic word of mouth has a direct impact on public buying interest in products made by prisoners at the Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Tasikmalaya Class IIB. This research method uses quantitative methods with a population and sample of 108 Instagram social media followers where the entire population is sampled. There are a total of 9 statement items to be questioned and distributed to all officers.  The results of the determination test analysis show that the electronic word-of-mouth variable has an influence of 21% on the interest in buying products made by prisoners. This research hypothesis concludes that there is an influence of electronic word of mouth on the interest in buying products made by prisoners of Lembaga PemasyarakatanTasikmalaya Class IIB. Keywords: Marketing; Purchase Interest; Products; Prisoners

Xueying Zhang, Courtney K. Blackwell, Janet Moore et al.

Roberto Garcés González, Sinaí Boffill Vega , Dianelys Plasencia Díaz

Objetivo: Propuesta de acciones para potenciar la participación obrera en la Empresa Pecuaria Venegas, municipio Yaguajay, provincia Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Métodos: Entrevista semiestructurada a diferentes actores dentro de la vida de la organización, el análisis de documentos generados por la entidad y la observación científica. Resultados: La propuesta de un grupo de acciones para incentivar la participación obrera y el despliegue de potencialidades, que pueden contribuir al fortalecimiento integral de esa organización. Conclusiones: Los problemas que enfrenta esa entidad para desplegar la potencialidad de la participación de los trabajadores están determinados, en lo fundamental, por factores subjetivos, relacionados con limitaciones internas que pueden ser superadas. Se determinó que en la referida entidad existen condiciones favorables para incrementar la participación del personal.

Gustavo García Zanotti, Martín Schorr

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los f lujos del comercio exterior de las compañías más grandes de la Argentina durante el Gobierno de la alianza Cambiemos (2015-2019). Las transformaciones institucionales en este período tuvieron un claro enfoque ortodoxo y, entre otras cosas, acarrearon un proceso de desindustrialización y reprimarización del perfil de especialización y de inserción internacional. Por otra parte, debido a la gravitación que poseen las empresas líderes en el conjunto de la economía, el comportamiento de estas explicó en buena medida el derrotero del frente externo en el transcurso de esta experiencia neoliberal. Dicho poder económico mostró gran dinamismo en los flujos comerciales, ya sea gracias al aumento de las exportaciones mayormente asociadas a la explotación de recursos naturales o a su papel en el boomimportador de bienes que compitieron de lleno con la producción nacional. Finalmente resaltamos que la gestión de Cambiemos, realizó cambios relevantes en las reglas de juego del comercio exterior. De acuerdo con el enfoque ortodoxo imperante, en la etapa estudiada se aplicaron diversas políticas que, en su articulación, condujeron a un agudo proceso de desindustrialización y reprimarización del perfil de especialización e inserción de la Argentina en el mercado mundial.

Eva Čivrná

Review of book Lamb, S., Gilbert, J. eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Sexual Development: Childhood and Adolescence

Vadim A. Maximov

Introduction. A. N. Radishchev in his writings lays the foundations of a humanistic study of Russian society and an anthropological understanding of economic orders. Most of the works were not published during his lifetime; the scientific publication of works and the study of views, mainly of a social nature, was undertaken in the 1940s–1950s. The comments emphasized the radical worldview of the thinker, manifested in the literary fi eld. In reality, the enlightener’s work is more multifaceted and covers philosophy, law, history, and economics. Three life periods are distinguished, diff erent in subject matter, but consonant with moral ideas. Theoretical analysis. The fi rst period of writing is characterized by works of social philosophy, fi ction and offi cial notes of a legal and economic nature, in which Radishchev’s ambivalent attitude to power, awmaking and moral values is revealed. The probable coincidence of the enlightener’s views with his European contemporaries (Locke, Diderot, A. Smith, Blackstone) and Russian philosophers (Tatishchev, Storkh) is revealed. Parallels with the works of I. Kant and the categorical apparatus of modern economic anthropology are determined. Empirical analysis. The views of Radishchev and Catherine II are interpreted in a comparative way. It is shown that there are no direct invectives in the “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” against the Empress. The works on legislation in the third period of creativity are an adjusted continuation of the works of the fi rst period. The most complete economic and anthropological theme is presented in the essay “On Chinese Bargaining”, which implicitly rejects the principles of the government’s economic policy, which does not take into account the spatial identity of Russia, its civilizational mission and the potential of free enterprise. Results. The writings of A. N. Radishchev anticipate the fi eld of research of modern economic anthropology: the importance of refl ection in human behavior, its noumenal and phenomenal representation, historical construction of ways of action and thought, performative thinking, hierarchy and fragmentation of power, structuration of economic (market) relations are taken into consideration. The key concepts are collective faith, feelings and habits, inclinations and individual diff erences, good-action, objective and subjective interests, reasonableness and rationality in historical refraction. The problems of conciliarity, will, moral imperatives, acquisition of systematic knowledge, necessity of laws, human rights are highlighted as the most important from the position of the enlightener.

Joana P. Miranda, Mariana Batista, Cristina Duarte et al.

Peer observation of teaching has been adopted as a method to improve the quality of teaching. It involves observers providing descriptive feedback to their peers on learning and teaching practices. However, although extensively described in the literature in the education field, its use as a tool for development beyond teaching skills has not been explored deeply, nor the best practices described. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare quantitative with qualitative peer observation, as well as to investigate the role of interdisciplinarity in the observation process. The present study results from experimental observation work carried out by four professors of higher education. Veterinary science, social work, pharmaceutical sciences, and education, the disciplinary areas of origin of the teachers, were the ecosystems in which the initial observation techniques were explored and applied, and the intention was to share good practices and pedagogical improvements through peer support. This study reports the experience of building an observation grid and its application, as well as the lessons learned during the observation experience. The aim was to evaluate whether the constructive criticism was focused on the pedagogical practices rather than on the content, which can be useful in understanding if the learning objectives are being attained, from the teacher’s point of view. As such, we employed and assessed peer observation as a constructive, developmental process for higher education teachers from different fields of knowledge. The study concludes that feedback by peers is essential for the development of professional practice in higher education teaching, with the experience of qualitative observation being a fundamental path for teacher self-reflection in the search for their own authenticity. It further supports the notion that interdisciplinary differences, methodologies, styles, contexts, and practices can be used in a constructive way to improve course content and delivery, and, ultimately, to reinforce good teaching.

R. Collins

Jerry S. Kelly

Rodrigo Laera

El objetivo del artículo consiste en indagar acerca de dos características fundamentales de la racionalidad del sistema económico: la coherencia de los fines hacia los que se dirige la teoría económica y la conducta de los sujetos a la racionalidad del sistema. Para esto, se expone la idea de que el trasfondo teleológico de la teoría económica no puede decir nada acerca de la jerarquía de fines. Esta idea se deja ver sobre todo en el concepto de utilidad y en la hipótesis de la nueva economía clásica de expectativas racionales.

Jarosław Sobkowiak

e concept of the subjectivity of a person presented in this article has shown that man as a subject appears in constant references and relations in which his existence is embedded. On the one hand, it escapes the determinism of nature, on the other hand, it reveals a certain crack between its nature and action. is leads to the conclusion that even if a person is characterised by individuality, it is not a separate existence. It seems justified to return to the question of what makes a person, in spite of both external and internal variability; they remain the same or otherwise what builds and what destroys the subjectivity of the person? e question thus posed reveals the first threat to human subjectivity which is the fact of the existence of evil. For it is not only something external to man but also something that makes man both the “place” of the appearance of evil and responsible for evilB8. While staying in Ricoeur’s philosophy characterised by a dialectical movement one can already see in the language discussing evil a threat to certain “deposits of hope” present in his thoughtB<. For the religious language to which Ricoeur ultimately reduces the problem of evil is the language of hope and eschatology. Freedom also takes on a new meaning in this context. It is no longer just something that has been enslaved but above all something that is a “desire for the possible.” A possible freedom is the Resurrection. In this perspective, even evil and suffering can find their ultimate meaning, and the subjective character of morality does not threaten to fall into subjectivism. Moreover, it is in the name of such subjectivism that morality demands for the subject this “otherness,” the hope that comes from the Resurrection.

A. Rosenberg

Mahdi Ja&#039;afari, Abolfazl Shahabadi

Qardh al-hasan (or benevolent lending known as a form of interest-free loan), is introduced as a good tool to realize the general approach of "prohibition of Riba or usury". Also, the rights and privileges this contract provides to both parties make it attractive both for raising and saving funds and for the supplying of the invested funds; but the lender's complete confidence in the future purchasing power of the borrowed money is one of the key factors in people's decision to invest in Qardh al-hasan deposits, which depends on the quality of the economic environment. This paper examines the determinants of Qardh al-hasane deposits with emphasis on economic security in public and private Iranian banks over the period 1984-2016. The results show that economic security has a positive and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits. Also other variables such as volume of liquidity and Qardh al-hasane deposits and savings have positive and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits, while interest rate of bank deposits has negative and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits.

José Alberto Sanz Díaz-Palacios

La regularización tributaria durante el «quinto año» permite al contribuyente eludir el castigo por delito fiscal, que en otro caso se aplicaría. Pero dicha regularización se concreta en un ingreso que resulta inexigible desde la óptica estrictamente tributaria, al haber transcurrido el plazo de prescripción de cuatro años. La doctrina debe discutir aún acerca de la fundamentación jurídica que posibilita regularizar el «quinto año». El presente trabajo plantea la posibilidad de que la regularización espontánea del «quinto año» se entienda como un adelanto del importe que integraría la responsabilidad civil ex delicto determinada en sede penal.