Hasil untuk "Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects"

Carmen Peña García, Anselmo Matilla Santos, Fernando Palacios Blanco

Texto en latín, traducción al español realizada por los profesores Anselmo Matilla y Fernando Palacios y comentario de Carmen Peña de la SENTENCIA dada por MONS. FELIPE HEREDIA ESTEBAN, Juez Auditor del Tribunal de la Rota Romana, con TÍTULO JURÍDICO PRINCIPAL: Simulación del matrimonio por acto positivo implícito de voluntad

Marcin Wysocki

Sprawozdanie z dziewiętnastej Międzynarodowej Konferencji Studiów Patrystycznych, która odbyła sie w dniach 5-9 sierpnia 2024 w Oksfordzie, Wielka Brytania.

Piotr Szczur

Recenzja książki: Blake Leyerle, The Narrative Shape of Emotion in the Preaching of John Chrysostom, Christianity in Late Antiquity 10, University of California Press, Oakland (California) 2020.

Omid Qorbankhani

Typology is a field of study that has garnered increased attention in the contemporary era due to the expansion of science. Despite the numerous works written in recent decades on the typology of allegorical interpretive narrations, there has been no independent research that has studied such narrations from this perspective. This research adopts a deductive-inductive approach to investigate allegorical interpretative narrations and aims to present a model based on typological principles to categorize these narrations. The model classifies narrations into six types based on the type of referencing: "Reference to the conceptual origin," "Reference to the conceptual end," "Reference to the conceptual example," "Reference to the external origin," "Reference to the external end," and "Reference to the external example." The research demonstrates the functional validity of the proposed model by providing examples for each type. Furthermore, scrutinizing and critiquing prominent views on the interpretation of the Qur'an, it establishes that the presented model offers a more comprehensive and explanatory framework for describing and analyzing interpretative narrations.

Hamed Sajedi

The distinction between the soul, mind, and body, or brain, is a key issue in anthropology that has significant implications for both philosophical and religious knowledge. One of the arguments for substance dualism is the "personal identity argument," which has been addressed by both Islamic and Western philosophers. In contrast, physicists have sought to critique this argument and present a materialistic view of the continuity of the soul throughout life. They point to the stability of brain neurons, the unity of the body or brain's structure and function, or the continuous spatio-temporal existence of the body as the basis for personal identity. This article first strengthens the empirical foundation of the argument using new findings in molecular biology and neuroscience. Then, by applying phenomenology to personal identity and utilizing philosophical and analytical principles (such as distinguishing between real and nominal unity and between doubt and definition), it attempts to answer the criticisms of physicalism.

José María La Porte, Matteo Frondoni

E. I. Korostichenko

This paper studies Erich Fromm’s critical theory of religion and looks into the evolution of the philosopher’s views. We analyze key concepts of Fromm’s humanistic psychology, including biophilia, rejection of idolatry, X-experience, classification of religions as humanistic or authoritarian, plea for sustainable coexistence with the environment, and some others. The author demonstrates close connection of these concepts with Judaic tradition, especially the messianism and negative theology of Maimonides. The paper is divided into chapters tracing the evolution of Fromm’s views on religion — from Hasidic Judaism, through following Freud and Marx, to the concept of humanistic religion. The analysis shows that starting from his early works and up to the radical, socialistic humanism as the pinnacle of his thought, Fromm as a philosopher and a strong Israelite draws inspiration from the religious tradition. Notably, his PhD thesis was devoted to the sociology of Hebrew diaspora, Der Sabbath, The Dogma of Christ. However, Fromm’s theory of religion, accordant with the Frankfurt School, combines aspects of Hegel, Marx and Freud’s teachings. Fromm’s views on religion are an original, self-consistent synthesis of diverse ideas, and result in the concept of radical humanism. The paper specifically considers Fromm’s view on idolatry as a form of alienation. Fromm urges to fight against idolatry in a bro.ader sense, finding it in various social phenomena, ranging from consumerism to religious fundamentalism. The paper also reviews the concept of X-experience that Fromm gives in You Shall Be as Gods. The X-experience is a special transcendental experience, separated from its multiple theistic or non-theistic conceptualizations. X-experience is psychological in its nature and leads to diminishing or eliminating narcissism. It constitutes a certain opposition to the alienation caused by idolatry. The work also considers Fromm’s idea of humanistic religion as related to his other concepts. The author supposes that the distinction between authoritarian and humanistic religions is tied to the earlier separation into authoritarian and humanistic ethics that Fromm presents in Man for himself. The impact of Marx and Freud on Fromm’s philosophy of religion is highlighted. While drawing from both, Fromm considered Marx’s theory to be deeper and more significant.

Christos Orfanidis

Agus Purnomo Ahmad Putikadyanto, Nur Aisyah Sefrianah

In Pasuruan Regency, on Thursday many shops and stalls were closed. Thursday is considered a good day for various religious activities. This study aims to describe the relevance, history, and implementation of religious activities and Pamali Thursday sales in Pasuruan Regency. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological type to describe the phenomena that occur in Pasuruan Regency. The data source of this study were representatives of community leaders, sellers, and consumers in Pasuruan Regency with interview and observation data collection techniques. The results showed that many shops or stalls closed Thursday in Pasuruan Regency because there was an assumption Thursday that it was a good day to send prayers to families who had died. The shops and stalls that are closed in Pasuruan Regency are related to religious activities, namely sending prayers to dead relatives. This tradition has been around for a long time and has been passed down for generations. Thursday is filled with religious activities such as takziah to the tomb, recitation, istighosah, reading yasin and tahlil. Not all shops and stalls close on Thursday. Usually closed are small to medium scale shops or stalls with local Muslim owners.

Rosihon Anwar, Asep Abdul Muhyi, Irma Riyani

Qur’anic Interpretation in Indonesia has been long interconnected with the tradition in the Middle East, especially in Haramayn and Egypt. Many Indonesians studied many Islamic disciplines from prominent ulama in these regions. One of them is Mahmud Yunus, who studied at Al-Azhar University, Cairo. He was influenced by the prominent ulama of Al- Azhar, i.e., M. Abduh. Abduh is famous for his thought of Islamic revivalism. This research investigates the possible influence of Abduh’s reformation thought to Mahmud Yunus Qur’anic interpretation, which called tafsir Qur’an Karim. This research employs a qualitative method with a historical approach and content analysis to analyze the data. This research shows that Mahmud Yunus is influenced significantly by Abduh’s reformation thought and can be seen from Yunus’ interpretation in his tafsir. The influence includes combating blind taqlid (unquestioning acceptance of religious thoughts), rationalizing the ‘mythical’ understanding of the Qur’anic texts, and emphasizing the belief that the Qur’an is compatible with science and the changing social reality.  Kajian tafsir di Indonesia memiliki keterkaitan yang erat dengan pemikiran tafsir di Timur Tengah. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena banyak ulama Indonesia belajar di sana terutama Haramayn dan Mesir. Salah satu ulama yang memiliki keterpengaruhan tersebut adalah Mahmud Yunus yang sempat belajar di Al-Azhar, Kairo, Mesir. Secara spesifik, Yunus banyak mengadopsi pemikiran pembaharuan dari tokohpembaharu Mesir yakni M. Abduh. Penelitian ini bermaksud menelusuri keterpengaruhan pemikiran pembaharuan Mahmud Yunus dalam karya Tafsirnya Qur’an Karim dari pemikiran pembaharuan M. Abduh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggali kajian pustakaatas naskah tafsir Mahmud Yunus dan Al-Manar dengan menggunakan analisi isi dan historis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembaharuan Abduh terlihat dalam penafsiran yang dilakukan oleh Mahmud Yunus dalam Tafsirnya berkaitan dengan beberapa aspek diantaranya adalah: penolakan atas taqlid, bid’ah dan khurafat, rasionalitas atas beberapa pemahaman yang bersifat mitis dan kesesuaian antara al-Qur’an dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan perkembangan masyarakat.

Muhammed Enes Yüce

Batı uygarlığı etrafında şekillenen ve hemen hemen bütün toplulukların yaşamında deneyimlemek zorunda kaldığı modernite olgusu, pek çok değişim ve dönüşümü beraberinde getirmiştir. Toplulukların kendilerini yeniden yorumlamasına neden olan bu süreç, bir arada olma durumunu yansıtan rol ve işlevlerde de geleneksel topluluk yapılarına nazaran bazı farklılıkların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Modernitenin bireyselleştirici tavrı, toplulukların bir arada var olma deneyimini de derinden etkilemiştir. Yaşanılan hayatın toplumsal hafızadaki topluluk koduyla uyum göstermemesi, kimi topluluklarda aidiyet krizini doğurmuştur. Birtakım sosyologlarca bu kriz toplulukların yok olması olarak anlaşılmıştır. Modern ve geleneksel olanın bir arada bulunmasının mümkün olamayacağı şeklindeki topluluk inancı anlayışı, geleneksel toplulukların modernleşmesinin kaçınılmaz bir sonuç olduğu yaklaşımını üretmiştir. Tam da toplulukların yok oluşunun dillendirildiği dönemde, geleneksel yapı ve değerler modern bağlamda yorumlanmış ve yeni topluluk türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Modern perspektifte yorumlanarak ortaya çıkan topluluk türlerinden bir tanesi de online topluluklardır.

Patrice Natalie Delevante

Yadollah Rostami

Shopenhauer considers humam life to be meaningless. He denied the existence of God due to the existence of a plenty of pain and suffering in life and believes that people unreasonabley assume It to make their life meaningful. He also contends that creation of such a world is a mistake. The life of human being in this world is a process in which they do not have a clear goal. Thus, it is only an aimless continuation. In his view, since the majority of life is surrounded by pain and suffering, it is worthless. He also emphasized the role of free will in the life of human being, asserting that it make human life an endless process. This is because his demands are unlimitated and this causes pain and suffering and meaninglessness of the life. I think there are some mistakes in his view. He considers pleasure to be the benefit and purpose of life. But this is not the only benefit and purpose of life, and there are other things that are more worthy than mere pleasure. Also, it is not the case that the use of free will is always entails suffering, because moving forward to a goal usually indicates a sense of pleasure, especially if one considers a virtuous goal.

Agnieszka Piórecka

The influence of hesychasm on representation on Christ’s baptism isn’t so obvious as in the case of transfiguration, anastasis or koimesis. On the contrary to the mentioned above, it hasn’t had its own study. We can assume, that the rise of interest in hesychasm during the kingship of Milutin is connected to Milutin’s pro­gramme of translation important theological and philosophical texts into Serbian language. In all referred images, we can see a manifestation of the mystical light of God. In the case of transfigurations, koimesis and anastasis, this light is illustra­ted by mandorla (almond-shaped aureole) around Christ. In depictions of baptism, mandorla surround the dove of the Holy Spirit. In the Serbian art mandorla takes, repeatedly, very complicated shapes. Additionally, in the baptism and koimesis scenes, above Christ’s head, appear open doors of Heaven. This can emphasise presence of God.

Sandra Dixon

Janusz Lewandowicz

The paper discusses the obstacles existing in both secular law and practice of the Church, in the time of St. Gregory the Great, for joining the monastery by people performing the military service or bound in marriage. Subsequently, the paper indicates higher requirements, compared with secular law, imposed by the pope on people wanting to join the monastery but bound by marriage.

Viktor Zhukovskyy

In the article the author reflects on the problem of the ontological distinction between the transcendence and immanence of God in the theological thought of Macarius of Egypt. The focus of his analysis is on the apophatic approach to the interpretation of the unutterable, inaccessible and unknowable nature of God and the conceptual and terminological ways in which God’s presence is expressed in created being. The main terms by which Macarius expresses God’s absolute remoteness from the world, on one hand, and His presence in the world on the an­other, are analyzed. The researcher considers the spiritual and ascetic dimension of the anthropological and soteriological views of Macarius’ theology through the prism of the pneumatology and christology.

Joaquín Barrero Díaz

Marsha Aileen Hewitt