Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

Bhushan Patwardhan

Shuide Wen, Sungil Seok, Beier Ku et al.

We present DLIOS, a Large Language Model (LLM)-augmented real-time multi-modal interactive enhancement overlay system for Douyin (TikTok) live streaming. DLIOS employs a three-layer transparent window architecture for independent rendering of danmaku (scrolling text), gift and like particle effects, and VIP entrance animations, built around an event-driven WebView2 capture pipeline and a thread-safe event bus. On top of this foundation we contribute an LLM broadcast automation framework comprising: (1) a per-song four-segment prompt scheduling system (T1 opening/transition, T2 empathy, T3 era story/production notes, T4 closing) that generates emotionally coherent radio-style commentary from lyric metadata; (2) a JSON-serializable RadioPersonaConfig schema supporting hot-swap multi-persona broadcasting; (3) a real-time danmaku quick-reaction engine with keyword routing to static urgent speech or LLM-generated empathetic responses; and (4) the Suwan Li AI singer-songwriter persona case study -- over 100 AI-generated songs produced with Suno. A 36-hour stress test demonstrates: zero danmaku overlap, zero deadlock crashes, gift effect P95 latency <= 180 ms, LLM-to-TTS segment P95 latency <= 2.1 s, and TTS integrated loudness gain of 9.5 LUFS. live streaming; danmaku; large language model; prompt engineering; virtual persona; WebView2; WINMM; TTS; Suno; loudness normalization; real-time scheduling

Bhavna Gupta, Mohd Shadmaan

Intensive care units (ICUs) are high-stress environments where patients, caregivers, and healthcare staff endure significant physical and emotional challenges. For patients, ICU stays often come with anxiety, pain, and confusion, while caregivers experience stress and exhaustion due to prolonged care demands. Healthcare staff face heightened burnout and mental fatigue. Integrating yoga in ICUs presents a holistic approach to mitigating these stressors by fostering physical recovery, mental resilience, and emotional balance. This article examines the benefits, challenges, and practical strategies for incorporating yoga within ICU settings. For patients, breathing exercises and gentle assisted movements can reduce pain, enhance relaxation, and support respiratory function. Caregivers can use yoga practices to strengthen emotional resilience and manage stress. Healthcare staff benefit from mindfulness exercises that alleviate stress and enhance mental clarity, supporting focus and reducing burnout. However, implementing yoga in ICUs involves overcoming barriers such as patient mobility limitations, strict infection control, staff availability, and cultural sensitivities. Suggested strategies include customized bedside yoga for patients, designated yoga spaces for caregivers and staff, and brief guided sessions and resources that accommodate ICU demands. Introducing adaptive yoga practices can transform the ICU environment, providing compassionate support for the well-being of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.

Umar L., Bappah B. S., Gamawa A.U.

Abstract Introduction Stroke-induced lower limb (LL) hemiparesis profoundly impacts mobility. While constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is well-established and effective for upper limb rehabilitation, its application to the lower limb (LL-CIMT) remains underexplored. This narrative review examines shaping—a key behaviorist component of CIMT involving the reinforcement of progressively closer approximations to a target motor task—within LL-CIMT interventions. Objective To synthesize neurophysiological frameworks, clinical evidence (level I–IV), and technological advancements (2019–2024) from 9 studies to assess shaping’s impact on motor recovery, gait kinematics, and neuroplastic remodeling. Method A narrative synthesis of nine peer-reviewed studies (6 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohort studies) was conducted. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using keywords such as “LL-CIMT” and “shaping.” Studies were selected based on relevance to shaping within LL-CIMT, focusing on clinical efficacy, mechanistic insights, and technological applications. Results Analysis of nine studies demonstrated that shaping enhances motor recovery, gait dynamics, and neuroplasticity, evidenced by improved Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity scores (Δ = 6.8, p < 0.001), stride length (Δ = 12.3 cm, 95% CI 9.8–14.8), and corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy (Δ = 0.15, p = 0.01). AI-driven exoskeletons and gamified telerehabilitation improved efficacy, though barriers included patient variability and resource limitations. Conclusion Shaping is integral to LL-CIMT but requires individualized protocols and scalable technologies. Future research should prioritize biomarker-driven interventions, 3D-printed exoskeletons, and policy reforms to optimize global accessibility.

Robin Strässer, Manuel Schaller, Julian Berberich et al.

We derive novel deterministic bounds on the approximation error of data-based bilinear surrogate models for unknown nonlinear systems. The surrogate models are constructed using kernel-based extended dynamic mode decomposition to approximate the Koopman operator in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Unlike previous methods that require restrictive assumptions on the invariance of the dictionary, our approach leverages kernel-based dictionaries that allow us to control the projection error via pointwise error bounds, overcoming a significant limitation of existing theoretical guarantees. The derived state- and input-dependent error bounds allow for direct integration into Koopman-based robust controller designs with closed-loop guarantees for the unknown nonlinear system. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Marcin Wachowiak, André Bourdoux, Sofie Pollin

This paper investigates the range ambiguity function of near-field systems where bandwidth and near-field beamfocusing jointly determine the resolution. First, the general matched filter ambiguity function is derived and the near-field array factors of different antenna array geometries are introduced. Next, the near-field ambiguity function is approximated as a product of the range-dependent near-field array factor and the ambiguity function due to the utilized waveform and bandwidth. An approximation criterion based on the aperture-bandwidth product is formulated, and its accuracy is examined. Finally, the improvements to the ambiguity function offered by the near-field beamfocusing, as compared to the far-field case, are presented. The performance gains are evaluated in terms of resolution improvement offered by beamfocusing, peak-to-sidelobe and integrated-sidelobe level improvement for a few popular array geometries. The gains offered by the near-field regime are shown to be range-dependent and substantial only in close proximity to the array.

Vinod Kumar Chauhan, Lei Clifton, Gaurav Nigam et al.

Estimating individualised treatment effect (ITE) -- that is the causal effect of a set of variables (also called exposures, treatments, actions, policies, or interventions), referred to as \textit{composite treatments}, on a set of outcome variables of interest, referred to as \textit{composite outcomes}, for a unit from observational data -- remains a fundamental problem in causal inference with applications across disciplines, such as healthcare, economics, education, social science, marketing, and computer science. Previous work in causal machine learning for ITE estimation is limited to simple settings, like single treatments and single outcomes. This hinders their use in complex real-world scenarios; for example, consider studying the effect of different ICU interventions, such as beta-blockers and statins for a patient admitted for heart surgery, on different outcomes of interest such as atrial fibrillation and in-hospital mortality. The limited research into composite treatments and outcomes is primarily due to data scarcity for all treatments and outcomes. To address the above challenges, we propose a novel and innovative hypernetwork-based approach, called \emph{H-Learner}, to solve ITE estimation under composite treatments and composite outcomes, which tackles the data scarcity issue by dynamically sharing information across treatments and outcomes. Our empirical analysis with binary and arbitrary composite treatments and outcomes demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to existing methods.

Arya Nielsen, Natalie L. Dyer, Claudia Lechuga et al.

Background: Acupuncture shows promise as an effective nonpharmacologic option for reduction of acute pain in the emergency department (ED). Following CONSORT and STRICTA guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) generally report intervention details and acupoint options, but fidelity to acupuncture interventions, critical to reliability in intervention research, is rarely reported. Methods: ACUITY is an NCCIH-funded, multi-site feasibility RCT of acupuncture in 3 EDs (Cleveland, Nashville, and San Diego). ACUITY acupuncturists were trained in study design, responsive acupuncture manualization protocol, logistics and real-time recording of session details via REDCap forms created to track fidelity. Results: Across 3 recruiting sites, 79 participants received acupuncture: 51 % women, 43 % Black/African American, with heterogeneous acute pain sites at baseline: 32 % low back, 22 % extremity, 20 % abdominal, 10 % head. Pragmatically, participants were treated in ED common areas (52 %), private rooms (39 %), and semi-private rooms (9 %). Objective tracking found 98 % adherence to the six components of the acupuncture manualization protocol: staging, number of insertion points (M = 13.2, range 2–22), needle retention time (M = 23.5 min, range 4–52), session length (M = 40.3 min, range 20–66), whether general recommendations were provided and completion of the session form. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT to assess and report fidelity to an acupuncture protocol. Fidelity monitoring will be fundamental for ACUITY2, which would be a future definitive, multi-site RCT. Furthermore, we recommend that fidelity to acupuncture interventions be added to CONSORT and STRICTA reporting guidelines in future RCTs. Protocol registration: The protocol of this study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04880733.

G.C. Samjhana, Babu Ram Pokharel, Sushila Acharya et al.

Context: Yoga practice during pregnancy offers numerous benefits for maternal and fetal health, yet its prevalence and acceptance among pregnant women in Nepal remain understudied. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of yoga practice and its acceptance as part of antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women attending ANC at Rapti Provincial Hospital, Dang, Nepal. Settings and Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the ANC unit of Rapti Provincial Hospital, involving pregnant women attending ANC visits. Methods: Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic variables, family and health history, and yoga practice. Statistical Analyses: Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 227 respondents, 16.7% practiced yoga during pregnancy, with 50.2% perceiving acceptance of yoga in ANC. The practice and acceptability of yoga in pregnancy were significantly associated with age, ethnicity, age at marriage, husband’s age, employment status, husband’s employment status, and prepregnancy yoga practice in bivariate analysis. While taking those factors in multivariate analysis, practice was found to be associated with husbands’ employment status and prepregnancy yoga practice and acceptability was found to be associated with ethnicity, husbands’ employment status, and prepregnancy yoga practice. Conclusions: The study revealed the low yoga prevalence among pregnant Nepalese women, necessitating targeted interventions for its promotion during pregnancy. Integrating yoga into routine ANC could enhance maternal and fetal outcomes by educating women about its benefits and fostering supportive environments for practice.

Reham E. Hamoda, Esraa A. Saad, Dalia M. Kamel et al.

Abstract Background Vaginal noise (VN) is a natural phenomenon that arises when air is forced into the vagina and then expelled as the vaginal wall muscles naturally contract. It has been described as involuntarily passing gas from the vagina. VN is a symptom of pelvic floor (PF) dysfunction and can cause social and psychological issues. Data on it is limited, and women rarely voluntarily report it. So, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, bother, and relation between VN and PF muscle dysfunction. Material and methods It was a cross-sectional study that included females with age ranges from 30 to 60 years old, body mass index (BMI) ranges from 18 to 30 kg/m2, married, single, virgin, nulliparous, and multiparous women; those with previous one or more vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections (CS) or history of anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapses; and those who had undergone medical interventions such as vaginal surgeries (e.g., pelvic floor reconstruction, hysterectomy), stress urinary incontinence, urge incontinence, and fecal incontinence. The Vaginal Wind Questionnaire, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-Short Form 7 (PFIQ-7), and Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire were used as methods of evaluating the VN prevalence and bother and its relation to PF dysfunction. Results It was noted that there was a 76.3% prevalence of VN and 75% bother among the study population. Eighty-eight percent of them did not seek any treatment, and VN occurred in 84.3% of females with pelvic floor muscle weakness. Conclusion VN is common in middle-aged Egyptian women, most frequently occurring with sexual intercourse, vaginal delivery, and pelvic floor muscle weakness.

Steve Yuwono, Dorothea Schwung, Andreas Schwung

This article describes a novel game structure for autonomously optimizing decentralized manufacturing systems with multi-objective optimization challenges, namely Distributed Stackelberg Strategies in State-Based Potential Games (DS2-SbPG). DS2-SbPG integrates potential games and Stackelberg games, which improves the cooperative trade-off capabilities of potential games and the multi-objective optimization handling by Stackelberg games. Notably, all training procedures remain conducted in a fully distributed manner. DS2-SbPG offers a promising solution to finding optimal trade-offs between objectives by eliminating the complexities of setting up combined objective optimization functions for individual players in self-learning domains, particularly in real-world industrial settings with diverse and numerous objectives between the sub-systems. We further prove that DS2-SbPG constitutes a dynamic potential game that results in corresponding converge guarantees. Experimental validation conducted on a laboratory-scale testbed highlights the efficacy of DS2-SbPG and its two variants, such as DS2-SbPG for single-leader-follower and Stack DS2-SbPG for multi-leader-follower. The results show significant reductions in power consumption and improvements in overall performance, which signals the potential of DS2-SbPG in real-world applications.

Anelise Costa, Lisiane Nunes Zanini Friedrich, Cristine Maria Warmling

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o trabalho e o acesso a informações de enfermeiras (os) no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em um município da região Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de caso do tipo holístico, com abordagem mista. Participaram do estudo 22 das (os) 41 enfermeiras (os) que trabalhavam no município cenário do estudo. 18, que atuavam na assistência direta ao usuário, responderam a um questionário estruturado online (41 questões fechadas e três abertas) e quatro, que estavam em cargos de gestão do SUS, participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada presencial. O estudo mostrou que no período inicial da pandemia as enfermeiras adequaram as próprias práticas profissionais usando orientações de órgãos oficiais de saúde, com destaque para a nota técnica da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária no 04/2020. A máscara cirúrgica teve bons índices de utilização pelas enfermeiras. Porém, a máscara N95 e o protetor facial não foram tão utilizados. Se, por um lado, as enfermeiras relataram acesso a informações sobre medidas a serem tomadas na pandemia, os índices foram menores em relação a como se sentiam preparadas para aplicá-las no trabalho. A experiência da pandemia ampliou o sofrimento no trabalho e apontou que processos de educação permanente devem ser desenvolvidos para a qualificação das práticas, mas também para a humanização no trabalho.

Behrouz Azimian, Shiva Moshtagh, Anamitra Pal et al.

Recently, we demonstrated success of a time-synchronized state estimator using deep neural networks (DNNs) for real-time unobservable distribution systems. In this letter, we provide analytical bounds on the performance of that state estimator as a function of perturbations in the input measurements. It has already been shown that evaluating performance based on only the test dataset might not effectively indicate a trained DNN's ability to handle input perturbations. As such, we analytically verify robustness and trustworthiness of DNNs to input perturbations by treating them as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems. The ability of batch normalization in addressing the scalability limitations of the MILP formulation is also highlighted. The framework is validated by performing time-synchronized distribution system state estimation for a modified IEEE 34-node system and a real-world large distribution system, both of which are incompletely observed by micro-phasor measurement units.

Abhishek Bandyopadhyay, Kaushik Halder, Anjana Pathak et al.

Context: “Surya Namaskar” (SN) may be used as a need-based short-duration aerobic activity in a confined space to establish as a substitute of an equivalent routine physical training in challenging stressful conditions. Materials and Methods: Noninvasive oxygen-kinetics metabolic responses between SN and endurance work on bicycle ergometry (BE) were compared across different phases of maximal oxygen uptake percentage (%VO2 max). SN, comprising three complete rounds per min (36 beats/min of a metronome; SN consists of 12 poses per round), was performed rhythmically and continuously for 5 min to simulate an incremental BE test (25 watts/2 min at 60 rpm). Results: SN results in a significant (P < 0.05) greater increase of arteriovenous oxygen difference at 71%–80% VO2 max while keeping a low respiratory exchange ratio (P < 0.01 and 0.001) at 41%–80% VO2 max exercising state. Conclusions: SN could be an ideal form of aerobic exercise instead of BE.

Jaseung Ku, Ji Hye Hwang

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of SU-Eohyeol pharmacopuncture (SUEP) by assessing its potential to cause chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IC).Methods : A dose-curve was conducted to determine the highest dose of SUEP. Doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.313% were used, and no cytotoxicity or SUEP precipitation was observed. SUEP doses of 10, 5, and 2.5%, with positive and negative controls, were used in a chromosome aberration test.Results : In this study, the frequency of abnormal chromosomal cells in the SUEP group did not show a statistically significant difference from that of the negative control group in short-term treatments with and without metabolic activation and the continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Compared with the negative control group, the positive control group had a significantly higher frequency of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities. This test’s results satisfied all conditions for determining the results.Conclusion : SUEP did not induce chromosomal aberrations under the conditions of this study. Other toxicity evaluations, safety studies in humans, and various clinical trials are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SUEP.

Jingmei Hu, Eric Lu, David A. Holland et al.

The end of Moore's Law has ushered in a diversity of hardware not seen in decades. Operating system (and system software) portability is accordingly becoming increasingly critical. Simultaneously, there has been tremendous progress in program synthesis. We set out to explore the feasibility of using modern program synthesis to generate the machine-dependent parts of an operating system. Our ultimate goal is to generate new ports automatically from descriptions of new machines. One of the issues involved is writing specifications, both for machine-dependent operating system functionality and for instruction set architectures. We designed two domain-specific languages: Alewife for machine-independent specifications of machine-dependent operating system functionality and Cassiopea for describing instruction set architecture semantics. Automated porting also requires an implementation. We developed a toolchain that, given an Alewife specification and a Cassiopea machine description, specializes the machine-independent specification to the target instruction set architecture and synthesizes an implementation in assembly language with a customized symbolic execution engine. Using this approach, we demonstrate successful synthesis of a total of 140 OS components from two pre-existing OSes for four real hardware platforms. We also developed several optimization methods for OS-related assembly synthesis to improve scalability. The effectiveness of our languages and ability to synthesize code for all 140 specifications is evidence of the feasibility of program synthesis for machine-dependent OS code. However, many research challenges remain; we also discuss the benefits and limitations of our synthesis-based approach to automated OS porting.

Ye Wang, Qi Zhao, Wenyan Wu et al.

This paper presents a case study of the operational management of the Robinvale high-pressure piped irrigation water delivery system (RVHPS) in Australia. Based on datasets available, improved pump setpoint selection using a calibrated hydraulic model is investigated. The first step was to implement pre-processing of measured flow and pressure data to identify errors in the data and possible faulty sensors. An EPANET hydraulic simulation model was updated with calibrated pipe roughness height values by using the processed pressure and flow data. Then, new pump setpoints were selected using the calibrated model given the actual measured demands such that the pressures in the network were minimized subject to required customer service standards. Based on a two-day simulation, it was estimated that 4.7% savings in pumping energy cost as well as 4.7% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by applying the new pump setpoints.

Danilo Obradovic, Mehrdad Ghandhari, Robert Eriksson

Frequency Containment Reserves might be insufficient to provide an appropriate response in the presence of large disturbances and low inertia scenarios. As a solution, this work assesses the supplementary droop frequency-based Emergency Power Control (EPC) from HVDC interconnections, applied in the detailed Nordic Power System model. EPC distribution and factors that determine the EPC performance of an HVDC link are the focus of interest. The main criteria are the maximum Instantaneous Frequency Deviation and used EPC power. The presented methodology is motivated based on the theoretical observation concerning linearized system representation. However, the assessed and proposed properties of interest, such as provided EPC active and reactive power, their ratio, and energy of total loads and losses in the system due to the EPC, concern highly nonlinear system behavior. Finally, based on the obtained study, remarks on the pragmatical importance of the EPC distribution to the frequency nadir limitation are provided.

Kamil Bulinski, Alexander Fish

We investigate to what extent a minimal topological dynamical system is uniquely determined by a set of return times to some open set. We show that in many situations this is indeed the case as long as the closure of this open set has no non-trivial translational symmetries. For instance, we show that under this assumption two Kronecker systems with the same set of return times must be isomorphic. More generally, we show that if a minimal dynamical system has a set of return times that coincides with a set of return times to some open set in a Kronecker system with translationarily asymmetric closure, then that Kronecker system must be a factor. We also study similar problems involving Nilsystems and polynomial return times. We state a number of questions on whether these results extend to other homogeneous spaces and transitive group actions, some of which are already interesting for finite groups.

Faezeh Farivar, Mohammad Sayad Haghighi, Alireza Jolfaei et al.

With the benefits of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm, come along unprecedented security challenges. Among many applications of inter-connected systems, vehicular networks and smart cars are examples that are already rolled out. Smart vehicles not only have networks connecting their internal components e.g. via Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, but also are connected to the outside world through road side units and other vehicles. In some cases, the internal and external network packets pass through the same hardware and are merely isolated by software defined rules. Any misconfiguration opens a window for the hackers to intrude into vehicles' internal components e.g. central lock system, Engine Control Unit (ECU), Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system. Compromise of any of these can lead to disastrous outcomes. In this paper, we study the security of smart vehicles' adaptive cruise control systems in the presence of covert attacks. We define two covert/stealth attacks in the context of cruise control and propose a novel intrusion detection and compensation method to disclose and respond to such attacks. More precisely, we focus on the covert cyber attacks that compromise the integrity of cruise controller and employ a neural network identifier in the IDS engine to estimate the system output dynamically and compare it against the ACC output. If any anomaly is detected, an embedded substitute controller kicks in and takes over the control. We conducted extensive experiments in MATLAB to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in a simulated environment.