Hasil untuk "Medicine"

Cyrus S. H. Ho, C. Chee, R. Ho

1Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 2Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 3Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore Address for Correspondence: Dr Cyrus Ho Su Hui, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Level 9, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228. Email: su_hui_ho@nuhs.edu.sg Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic

M. Harbord, R. Eliakim, D. Bettenworth et al.

J. Soar, J. Nolan, B. Böttiger et al.

V. Balachandran, M. Gonen, J. J. Smith et al.

N. Glaser, M. Fritsch, L. Priyambada et al.

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Philippines, College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

T. Manolio

A. Gurib-Fakim

J. Bartlett, S. Dowell, L. Mandell et al.

John G. Bartlett,1 Scott F Dowell,2 Lionel A. Mandell,6 Thomas M. File, Jr.,3 Daniel M. Musher,4 and Michael J. Fine5 'Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 3Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 4Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, and 5University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and 6McMaster University, Toronto, Canada

N. O’grady, M. Alexander, L. Burns et al.

B. Fox, J. Hendry, Disease J J Selikoff

Organized into two sections. Part 1 is sufficient for students of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and follows the syllabus published by RSNA. Students in Radiation Oncology need the general information contained in Part 1, but also need the more specialized information contained in Part 2. New chapters introduce new therapies on medical countermeasures to radiation exposure and new molecular techniques in radiology. Mirrors the format of the Syllabus in Radiation Biology prepared by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Written for residents, researchers, and graduate students in radiology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and medical physics. Generally considered the most comprehensive textbook on cellular and molecular radiobiology.

M. Levy, M. Fink, J. Marshall et al.

Z. J. Lipowski

Mary Anne Nascimento-Souza, Luiz Sérgio Silva

Resumo Introdução O trabalho em turnos e o trabalho noturno (TN) podem resultar em consequências adversas para os trabalhadores. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência do TN e do trabalho em turnos ininterruptos (TTI) e sua associação com acidentes de trabalho e de trajeto. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados de trabalhadores adultos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizada em 2019, no Brasil. Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística, ajustados por sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade. Resultados Foram incluídos 51.186 trabalhadores, dos quais 55,0% eram do sexo masculino. A prevalência do TN foi de 13,4% (IC95% 12,9;14,0) e do TTI foi de 1,8% (IC95% 1,6;2,0). O TN esteve associado a maior chance de acidentes de trabalho (OR ajustado: 1,4; IC95%: 1,1;1,8) e de trajeto (OR ajustado: 1,4; IC95%: 1,1;1,8), enquanto o TTI associou-se apenas a acidentes de trabalho (OR ajustado: 2,5; IC95%: 1,5;4,2). Conclusão A maior chance de acidentes de trabalho e de trajeto entre trabalhadores em turnos noturnos, assim como de acidentes de trabalho entre aqueles que trabalhavam em turnos ininterruptos, revela a necessidade de políticas adicionais de saúde e segurança voltadas para a redução do risco de acidentes entre tais trabalhadores.

Gabriella Iannuzzo, Geetank Kamboj, Parinita Barman et al.

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant global health burden. Lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is the primary therapeutic aim for preventing primary and secondary CVD events. While statins are the standard treatments, their limitations, such as side effects and intolerance in certain patient groups, necessitate exploration of alternative lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs). We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating cardiovascular outcomes associated with non-statin LLTs (bempedoic acid, alirocumab, evolocumab, ezetimibe, and inclisiran) in adults with CVD or high cardiovascular risk. Methods: EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries were systematically searched for eligible studies, from inception until February 08, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction and validation were conducted, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool-2 for RCTs. Results: The search strategy yielded 2104 citations. Post screening for eligibility, nine unique trials/studies (84 publications) were identified. Among these, one trial each was identified for bempedoic acid and alirocumab, three for evolocumab, and four for ezetimibe. No published literature documenting the cardiovascular outcomes of inclisiran was identified. Only one trial (CLEAR Outcomes) included statin-intolerant patients at baseline. Most studies evaluated a 3-component, 4-component, or 5-component major adverse cardiovascular events composite as an outcome along with individual components. The quality of the included trials was found to be fair-to-good. Conclusions: The systematic review findings emphasise the significance of considering non-statin LLTs as viable treatment options for individuals with CVD or high cardiovascular risk who cannot tolerate or achieve optimal lipid control with statin therapy alone.

Lui Ng, Sunny Kit-Man Wong, Hung-Sing Li et al.

Background: The dysregulation of gene expression is one of the key molecular features of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. This study aimed to investigate whether such dysregulation is reflected in rectal swab specimens of CRC patients and to evaluate its potential as a non-invasive approach for screening. Methods: We compared the expression level of 14 CRC-associated genes in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue of CRC patients and examined the correlation of their levels in tissue with paired rectal swab specimens. The level of these 14 genes in rectal swab specimens was compared among patients with CRC or polyp and control subjects, and the diagnostic potential of each dysregulated gene and the gene panel were evaluated. Results: The expression of <i>CXCR2</i>, <i>SAA</i>, <i>COX1</i>, <i>PPARδ</i>, <i>PPARγ</i>, <i>Groγ</i>, <i>IL8</i>, <i>p21</i>, <i>c-myc</i>, <i>CD44</i> and <i>CSF1</i> was significantly higher in CRC, and there was a significant correlation in the levels of most of them between the CRC and rectal swab specimens. In the training study, we showed that <i>CD44</i>, <i>IL8</i>, <i>CXCR2</i> and <i>c-myc</i> levels were significantly higher in the rectal swab specimens of the CRC patients. Such result was confirmed in the validation study. A panel of these four genes was developed, and ROC analysis showed that this four-gene panel could identify CRC patients with an AUC value of 0.83 and identify overall polyp and precancerous adenoma patients with AUC values of 0.6522 and 0.7322, respectively. Finally, the predictive study showed that the four-gene panel demonstrated sensitivities of 63.6%, 76.9% and 88.9% in identifying overall polyp, precancerous adenoma and CRC patients, respectively, whereas the specificity for normal subjects was 72.2%. Conclusion: The expression of CRC-associated genes in rectal swab specimens reflects the dysregulation status in colorectal tissue, and the four-gene panel is a potential non-invasive biomarker for early precancerous adenoma and CRC screening.

Yimei Ding, Xue Luan, Jiaqi Hou

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) stands as a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an elusive pathogenesis. The synergy of single-cell RNA sequencing and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis provides an opportunity to comprehensively unravel the contributory role of monocytes/macrophages in the intricate pathogenesis of pSS. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of various types of immune cells were analyzed after annotating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. MR analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) was conducted to search for key pathogenic genes and proteins. Cellular localization of pathogenic genes was performed based on scRNA-seq data. Variations in signaling pathways between immune cells were further analyzed. Results: A total of 1434 significant DEGs were identified. Among these, 60 genes exhibited strong relevance to the occurrence of pSS, of which 32 genes differentially expressed in monocytes/macrophages. CTSS was found to be a significant risk protein with a p-value of 0.001 and an odds ratio of 1.384 (1.147–1.669), showing pronounced expression in monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, monocytes/macrophages displayed heightened expression levels of MXD1, AMPD2, TNFSF10, FTL, UBXN11, CSF3R, and LILRA5. The analysis of intercellular signaling revealed increased signal intensity in both incoming and outgoing signals in monocytes/macrophages. The signaling interactions between monocytes/macrophages, B cells, and T cells exhibited varying degrees of deviation. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant involvement of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of pSS, as evidenced by MR analysis and scRNA-seq analysis. This suggests monocytes/macrophages as a focal point for pathogenesis research and potential therapeutic targeting in pSS.

C. Hillenbrand

Andrey G. Mylnikov, Aleksey E. Klimov, Temurbek Sh. Kurbanniyozov et al.

Renal cancer (RC) can spread to different organs, metastatic damage of the pancreas is quite rare. But, in contrast of primary and other metastatic malignant tumors, pancreatic RC metastases can be resectable in 80 % of cases with nearly 90 % 5-year survival rate. Pancreatic oncologic surgery includes 3 different types of resection: distal pancreatic resection, pancreatoduodenal resection and total duodenopancreatectomy. The last type is the most extensive procedure, incorporates except of total removal of the pancreatic gland, total excision of duodenum and, in some cases, partial gastrectomy. In surgery of pancreatic tumors using of total duodenopancreatectomy is relatively rare (6,7-12,3 %). And in spite of low mortality (5-6,25 %) in recent years, whole removal of the gland inevitably leads to severe metabolic changes such as complete exocrine insufficiency and unstable insulin-depended diabetes mellitus which need lifetime medical correction. Gastrointestinal bleeding from pancreatic metastases of RC as a disease complication occurs quite rare and appears due to invasion of cancer tissue located in the pancreatic head to duodenal mucosa and then ulcerated. There are few single observations or little series (2-4 cases) described in literature. Pancreatoduodenal resection in such cases is the main type of surgical intervention. Now we present a case of successful urgent total duodenopancreatectomy, performed for recurrent profuse gastrointestinal bleeding from pancreatic head metastasis of RC invaded duodenum after previously radical nephrectomy. During the operation several cancer nodes in the pancreatic body and tail were found that defined the total gland removal. Postoperative period proceeded uneventfully and the patient was discharged on 15th day. Uniqueness of this case is that emergency total duodenopancreatectomy was successfully done for profuse gastrointestinal bleeding as the only possible chance for cure. We have not found similar reports in the available literature.

Su Been Park, Gun Hee Cho, Young Eun Park et al.

Emodin, an emerging mycotoxin, is known to be hepatotoxic, but its mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that emodin could induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)–X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway and apoptosis, which are closely correlated and contribute to hepatotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, a novel IRE1α inhibitor, STF-083010, was used. An MTT assay was used to evaluate metabolic activity, and quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the gene and protein expression of ER stress or apoptosis-related markers. Apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry. Results showed that emodin induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells and upregulated the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, spliced XBP1, the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax)/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3. Cotreatment with emodin and STF-083010 led to the downregulation of BiP and upregulation of CHOP, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 compared with single treatment with emodin. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate was increased in a dose-dependent manner with emodin treatment. Thus, emodin induced ER stress in HepG2 cells by activating the IRE1α–XBP1 axis and induced apoptosis, indicating that emodin can cause hepatotoxicity.