Hasil untuk "Mechanical industries"

I. Fitridge, T. Dempster, J. Guenther et al.

Shuo Chen, Lijie Sun, Xiaojun Zhou et al.

The bio-integrated electronics industry is booming and becoming more integrated with biological tissues. To successfully integrate with the soft tissues of the body (eg. skin), the material must possess many of the same properties including compliance, toughness, elasticity, and tear resistance. In this work, we prepare mechanically and biologically skin-like materials (PSeD-U elastomers) by designing a unique physical and covalent hybrid crosslinking structure. The introduction of an optimal amount of hydrogen bonds significantly strengthens the resultant elastomers with 11 times the toughness and 3 times the strength of covalent crosslinked PSeD elastomers, while maintaining a low modulus. Besides, the PSeD-U elastomers show nonlinear mechanical behavior similar to skins. Furthermore, PSeD-U elastomers demonstrate the cytocompatibility and biodegradability to achieve better integration with tissues. Finally, piezocapacitive pressure sensors are fabricated with high pressure sensitivity and rapid response to demonstrate the potential use of PSeD-U elastomers in bio-integrated electronics. Designing biodegradable and biocompatible polymers to mimic both mechanical and biological properties of skins for emerging electronic devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose PSeD-U skin-like elastomers with both mechanical and biological properties for bio-integrated electronics.

M. Ghayesh, A. Farajpour

Abstract This article reviews, for the first time, the mechanical behaviour of functionally graded structures at small-scale levels. Functionally graded nanoscale and microscale structures are an advanced class of small-scale structures with promising applications in nanotechnology and microtechnology. Recent advancements in fabrication techniques such as the advent of powder metallurgy, made it possible to tailor the mechanical properties of structures at small-scale levels by fabricating them out of functionally layerwise mixture of two or more materials; this class of structures, called functionally graded (FG), can be used to improve the performance of many microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems due to their spatially varying mechanical and electrical properties. The increasing number of published papers on the mechanical behaviours of FG nanoscale and microscale structures, such as their buckling, vibration and static deformation, employing scale-dependent continuum-based models, has proved their importance in academia and industry. Generally, the nonlocal elasticity-based models have been used for FG nanostructures whereas modified versions of couple stress and strain gradient theories have been utilised for FG microstructures. In this review paper, first, various scale-dependent theories of elasticity for FG small-scale structures are explained. Then, available studies on the mechanical behaviours of FG nanostructures such as FG nanobeams and nanoplates are described. Moreover, available investigations on the mechanics of microstructures made of FG materials are reviewed. In addition, in each case, the most important findings of available studies are reviewed. Finally, further possible applications of advanced continuum mechanics to FG small-scale structures are inspired.

H. Towsyfyan, A. Biguri, R. Boardman et al.

Abstract Composite materials are increasingly used in the aerospace industry. To fully realise the weight saving potential along with superior mechanical properties that composites offer in safety critical applications, reliable Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are required to prevent catastrophic failures. This paper will review the state of the art in the field and point to highlight the success and challenges that different NDT methods are faced to evaluate the integrity of critical aerospace composites. The focus will be on advanced certificated NDT methods for damage detection and characterization in composite laminates for use in the aircraft primary and secondary structures.

Kyung-min Hong, Y. Shin

R. Leal, R. Leal, F. M. Barreiros et al.

Sanjay R. Kumbhar, Sanjay T. Satpute, Yogesh S. Patil

India has emerged as one of the global frontrunners in renewable energy (RE) deployment, driven by ambitious national targets, progressive policies, and rapid technological adoption. This study presents a comprehensive, data-driven assessment of India’s RE transition between 2010 and 2025, integrating secondary datasets from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Central Electricity Authority, International Energy Agency, and National Institution for Transforming India Aayog. Using compound annual growth rate (CAGR), correlation, and trend analysis, the study evaluates the performance and inter-sectoral dynamics of solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy segments. The findings reveal that India’s total installed renewable capacity increased from 17 GW in 2010–190 GW in 2025, with solar energy exhibiting the highest growth (CAGR ≈ 24.8%), followed by wind (≈ 10.3%). Regression analysis indicates a strong positive correlation (r = 0.91) between gross domestic product growth and renewable capacity expansion, emphasizing the sector’s economic significance. A novel contribution of this research lies in its multi-dimensional analytical framework, combining policy mapping, financial trends, and comparative benchmarking against Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa nations to identify structural bottlenecks and feasible interventions. Key challenges such as grid integration, financing constraints, and intermittency are prioritized through a risk–impact matrix, while opportunities in green hydrogen, artificial intelligence/internet of things integration, offshore wind, and export potential are evaluated using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats-based market feasibility model. The study concludes that achieving India’s 500 GW non-fossil target by 2030 requires annual investments exceeding USD 25–30 billion, regulatory harmonization, and digital optimization of energy systems. By synthesizing quantitative insights with policy analysis, this paper bridges the gap between descriptive reviews and empirical assessments, offering actionable guidance for policymakers, investors, and researchers engaged in India’s RE transition.

Dr. Arun Kumar Sharma, R. Bhandari, A. Aherwar et al.

Abstract Materials are continuously developed with the time being due to the necessity of human civilization and therefore advancement of each material in its highest classes is the best research necessity. The search for new and advanced materials is always an important subject for contemporary technological requirements and to make a product at optimum cost which is a basic consumer demand. New materials are continually developed and materials properties improved in line with existing technological developments in order to meet safety and operational standards. Composites have developed continuously from its early to the advanced stages. The need and consumption of metal matrix composites (MMCs) continuously increasing worldwide with the time because of its high applications. A continuous need observed in industries which make the path to develop stronger lightweight material which having high efficiency and performance across a wide variety of industries. The product manufacturers are generally in need of lightweight, medium strength and less cost, for them aluminum metal matrix composites (AlMMCs) is an asset. AlMMCs for many engineering applications are seen as new generation potential materials. AlMMCs offer great promise for producing composites with the required properties for certain applications with a wide variety of reinforcing materials. The AlMMCs are evolved to obtain good mechanical and tribological characteristics with lightweight, based on specification and application requirements. In this article, various aspects and analysis of applications fields of AlMMCs discussed in brief.

Xiaoxiao Wan, Zhihao Rong, Kaixuan Zhu et al.

With the rapid development of the textile industry, a large amount of dyeing wastewater discharge has caused great harm to the ecological environment. In this work, a dual-network, composite hydrogel adsorbent with excellent mechanical properties, good reusability, and large adsorption capacity was prepared by introducing chitosan cross-linked polyvinylamine into the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide cross-linked polyacrylic acid network. The dual cross-linking network gave the hydrogel excellent mechanical properties with maximum tensile stress and strain up to 1.9 MPa and 920 %. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue on hydrogel was up to 596.14 mg/g. In addition, the prepared hydrogel exhibited good reusability, and their adsorption efficiency remained above 85 % in five consecutive cycles. The adsorption behavior was well fitted by Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equation, indicating that the hydrogel was chemisorbed to the dye as a monolayer. The adsorption mechanism analysis showed that the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the functional groups of the hydrogels and methylene blue molecules contributed to the good adsorption capacity. Overall, the synthesized composite hydrogels could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye, particularly from textile industry wastewater.

P. Sarika, Paul Nancarrow, Abdulrahman Khansaheb et al.

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

Melissa S Bukovsky, Sue Ellen Haupt, Seth McGinnis et al.

To meet US goals of deploying additional wind energy as part of the decarbonization strategy, wind plants are being planned for the deep water offshore the western US. The wind flow in that region is complex due to the proximity to the coast, cold water upwelling, and persistent stratiform clouds that interact with radiation in ways that have the potential to destabilize the atmosphere. That flow has the potential to change with a changing climate. To address these issues, we assess the flow and the clouds in that region using downscaled climate model data, under both historic climate (1975–2005) and projected future (2025–2055) conditions. We note that the climate simulations agree fairly well with the cloud patterns observed by satellite data in the nearshore and offshore regions. We then assess the projected changes in clouds, wind speed, and other important variables, noting that our simulations project that the predominant north/northwesterly low-level jet is expected to strengthen and clouds are likely to be commensurately enhanced, although projected changes are within about 10% of current conditions. Our examination of the dynamics associated with the changes in the climate simulations provides confidence in the dynamical consistency of these projected changes.

Andi Muhdiar Kadir, Arief Setyawan, Fithri Nur Purnamasari et al.

One of the government's programs for connecting cities and remote Indonesian islands were quickly utilized by amphibious aircraft. This was realized with the amphibious N219 program started in 2018. The N219, referred to for Nusantara, its twin engines, and 19-passenger capacity, represents Indonesia's ambition to link its extensive archipelago through innovation and pride. The N219 amphibious aircraft was developed based on the N219 basic aircraft (maximum take-off weight, MTOW 7030 kg), with the incorporation of two floats, enabling it to land on both land and water surfaces. It was intended that the addition of this float would not significantly change the performance of the N219 aircraft, so there was no need to make big changes in terms of the number of passengers. one of the important factors in this performance was the weight penalty. In this research, structural analysis was done to reduce the weight of floaters by applying the optimal design dan used the sandwich composite materials. The specimens of carbon composite were produced by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion/ VARI. The specimens with five fiber orientation variations (UD: 0o, 90o, and 45o and Fabric: ±45o and 0o/90o) were tested, and the results were utilized as data input for finite element analysis. Floater structure modeling was conducted to predict its strength and weight. The modeling analysis results showed that the maximum stress was 354.2 MPa < 1014 MPa (material test result). Meanwhile, the Tsai-wu criteria were 0.550, where it's <1, and the mass of the floater found was 274 kg, where it's <400 kg. It could be seen that the floater structure design using carbon composite materials had good results, so it could be considered for implementation.

Ji Duan, Xiao Yang, Shaobo Fan et al.

Abstract An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions was established based on the superposition principle and Sturm–Liouville method. The analytical model can quickly and accurately calculate the temperature distribution and ignition location under slow cook-off conditions. The analytical model enables deep probing of the physicochemical mechanisms and complex couplings underlying the thermal ignition of explosives. To validate the analytical model, a slow cook-off experiment was designed and conducted. The calculated normalized axial temperature distribution using the analytical model was compared with the experiment results. The two sets of data were consistent with each other. The finite difference method was used to compute the slow cook-off process and yielded a maximal error of 1% between analytical and numerical results. The comparison results verified the correctness of the model. The results of the analytical model indicate that the temperature increase due to the thermal decomposition of RDX accounted for only 0.2% of the overall temperature at ignition. The ignition locations are related to the length to diameter ratio of the charge. As the length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the charge increases, the ignition locations gradually move towards both ends. When L/D ≥ 5.22, the ignition locations are near the thermal boundary.

Xiaoyan Xu, Zhixuan Wang, Yue Him Wong et al.

Abstract Marine biofouling caused by barnacle gregarious settlement poses significant challenges to various industries and ecosystems, such as increased drag on ship hulls, elevated fuel consumption, and heightened maintenance costs. While natural chemical cues are instrumental in driving barnacle settlement, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this work, we investigated the effects of adenosine (Ado), a settlement pheromone of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids, on cyprid exploration behavior, nano-mechanical properties of footprints, and gene expression using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and omics analysis. Results indicate that Ado significantly increases the settlement rate and exploration frequency of cyprids, and enhances the expression of the settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC, which attracts other cyprids to settle in a gregarious manner). AFM results reveal that Ado-treated cyprids exhibit enhanced adhesion, self-healing, elasticity, and mechanical strength in their footprints, which may help them resist the shear forces from seawater. Transcriptome analysis suggests that Ado triggers the up-regulation of the transcription factors FTZ-F1 and Hr39, which may activate the 20E hormonal signaling pathway and promote the settlement process. Furthermore, Ado up-regulates the cement protein genes of CP19K-like4 and CP100K, which are involved in the initial adhesion process. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of pheromones in promoting barnacle settlement and offer a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving this behavior.

Yoshitsugu Kojima

The water electrolysis voltage of conventional green ammonia was 1.84 V. The voltage with the same energy consumption of gray ammonia was 1.50 V, which was similar to the thermoneutral voltage (1.48 V). The round-trip efficiencies using overseas transportation 10,000 km of green ammonia increased with decreasing water electrolysis voltage, having high volumetric energy density 3530 Wh/L in the liquid state. The round-trip efficiencies were 23–42% depending on the voltage reduction from 1.84 to 1.48 V and power generation systems. In addition, the round-trip efficiencies using land transportation (pipeline) of green hydrogen also increased with decreasing water electrolysis voltage. The round-trip efficiencies were 28–52%, although the volumetric energy density was below 0.01 of liquid ammonia.

Negar Omidvar, Stephen Joseph, Lakmini Dissanayake et al.

ABSTRACT Climate change threatens long‐term soil health because of increased severity and frequency of drought periods. Applying biochar to soils before a drought can increase non‐biochar soil carbon (C) and water storage over the long term and sustain crop yield. However, the on‐farm benefit of buried solid biochar and applied liquid biochar at low rates remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of two novel biochar‐based soil amendments on soil C, water storage and crop yield. The biochar‐based amendments included a biochar reactive barrier (RB) made by layering wood‐based biochar, straw mulch and cow manure into a series of open surface trenches, and a liquid biochar mineral complex (BMC) applied twice, at low rate (200 kg ha−1) to one side of RB (fertilised area), while the other side of RB received no treatments (non‐fertilised area). Moisture concentration within the RB ranged from 6.76% up to 56.68% after large rainfall, more than double the surrounding soils and gradually started migrating from the RB outwards. Soil within 50 cm distance of the RB showed a 24.5% increase in non‐biochar soil C compared with soil at 600 cm distance of the RB, 2.54% versus 2.04%, respectively, in the non‐fertilised area, which was supported with lowering soil microbial activity. Pasture yield increase was associated with liquid BMC fertiliser rather than proximity to the RB. Pasture yield was 44% higher in the fertilised area compared with the non‐fertilised area 27.89 t ha−1 versus 19.31 t ha−1. Approximately 158 kg CO2e was removed from the atmosphere for each cubic meter of RB and an annual removal of 150 kg CO2e ha−1 was estimated by liquid BMC application. Income earned by increased yield was still profitable even though applied liquid BMC could cost between USD 400–520 ha−1 including shipping costs. Overall, our study suggested biochar‐based RB and BMC fertilisers can effectively increase soil moisture retention while building non‐biochar soil C storage in the surrounding soil. The adoption of biochar‐based techniques has the potential to improve drought resilience while increasing soil C in wide range of non‐irrigated cropping systems.

Azmine Toushik Wasi, Enjamamul Haque Eram, Sabrina Afroz Mitu et al.

Industry 5.0 marks a new phase in industrial evolution, emphasizing human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience through the integration of advanced technologies. Within this evolving landscape, Generative AI (GenAI) and autonomous systems are not only transforming industrial processes but also emerging as pivotal geopolitical instruments. We examine strategic implications of GenAI in Industry 5.0, arguing that these technologies have become national assets central to sovereignty, access, and global influence. As countries compete for AI supremacy, growing disparities in talent, computational infrastructure, and data access are reshaping global power hierarchies and accelerating the fragmentation of the digital economy. The human-centric ethos of Industry 5.0, anchored in collaboration between humans and intelligent systems, increasingly conflicts with the autonomy and opacity of GenAI, raising urgent governance challenges related to meaningful human control, dual-use risks, and accountability. We analyze how these dynamics influence defense strategies, industrial competitiveness, and supply chain resilience, including the geopolitical weaponization of export controls and the rise of data sovereignty. Our contribution synthesizes technological, economic, and ethical perspectives to propose a comprehensive framework for navigating the intersection of GenAI and geopolitics. We call for governance models that balance national autonomy with international coordination while safeguarding human-centric values in an increasingly AI-driven world.

Jake Zappin, Trevor Stalnaker, Oscar Chaparro et al.

This position paper examines the substantial divide between academia and industry within quantum software engineering. For example, while academic research related to debugging and testing predominantly focuses on a limited subset of primarily quantum-specific issues, industry practitioners face a broader range of practical concerns, including software integration, compatibility, and real-world implementation hurdles. This disconnect mainly arises due to academia's limited access to industry practices and the often confidential, competitive nature of quantum development in commercial settings. As a result, academic advancements often fail to translate into actionable tools and methodologies that meet industry needs. By analyzing discussions within quantum developer forums, we identify key gaps in focus and resource availability that hinder progress on both sides. We propose collaborative efforts aimed at developing practical tools, methodologies, and best practices to bridge this divide, enabling academia to address the application-driven needs of industry and fostering a more aligned, sustainable ecosystem for quantum software development.

Sangbum Choi, Kyeongryeol Go, Taewoong Jang

Foundation models have revolutionized AI, yet they struggle with zero-shot deployment in real-world industrial settings due to a lack of high-quality, domain-specific datasets. To bridge this gap, Superb AI introduces ZERO, an industry-ready vision foundation model that leverages multi-modal prompting (textual and visual) for generalization without retraining. Trained on a compact yet representative 0.9 million annotated samples from a proprietary billion-scale industrial dataset, ZERO demonstrates competitive performance on academic benchmarks like LVIS-Val and significantly outperforms existing models across 37 diverse industrial datasets. Furthermore, ZERO achieved 2nd place in the CVPR 2025 Object Instance Detection Challenge and 4th place in the Foundational Few-shot Object Detection Challenge, highlighting its practical deployability and generalizability with minimal adaptation and limited data. To the best of our knowledge, ZERO is the first vision foundation model explicitly built for domain-specific, zero-shot industrial applications.

Antoine Houssard

In the field of artificial intelligence (AI) research, there seems to be a rapprochement between academics and industrial forces. The aim of this study is to assess whether and to what extent industrial domination in the field as well as the ever more frequent switch between academia and industry resulted in the adoption of industrial norms and practices by academics. Using bibliometric information and data on scientific code, we aimed to understand academic and industrial researchers' practices, the way of choosing, investing, and succeeding across multiple and concurrent artifacts. Our results show that, although both actors write papers and code, their practices and the norms guiding them differ greatly. Nevertheless, it appears that the presence of industrials in academic studies leads to practices leaning toward the industrial side, but also to greater success in both artifacts, suggesting that if convergence is, then it is passing through those mixed teams rather than through pure academic or industrial studies.