Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit complexity and granularity similar to humans in the field of natural language processing, challenging the boundaries between humans and machines in language understanding and creativity. However, whether the semantic network of LLMs is similar to humans is still unclear. We examined the representative closed-source LLMs, GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4, with open-source LLMs, LLaMA-2-70B, LLaMA-3-8B, LLaMA-3-70B using semantic fluency tasks widely used to study the structure of semantic networks in humans. To enhance the comparability of semantic networks between humans and LLMs, we innovatively employed role-playing to generate multiple agents, which is equivalent to recruiting multiple LLM participants. The results indicate that the semantic network of LLMs has poorer interconnectivity, local association organization, and flexibility compared to humans, which suggests that LLMs have lower search efficiency and more rigid thinking in the semantic space and may further affect their performance in creative writing and reasoning.
Electronic computers. Computer science, Information technology
The electrification of trucks progresses slowly, with extended charging times as a major concern for transportation companies. In the comparison of electric versus diesel trucks, an aspect often neglected is that regulations on driver working hours affect both types of trucks. In particular, mandatory break times offer opportunities for electric trucks to be charged while drivers rest and, therefore, without necessarily implying additional time over the traditional route duration. To this aim, this paper develops a mathematical programming model that allows to synchronize break times of the drivers with charging times of the trucks. We implement this model using data on real-world truck specifications and charging station infrastructure from Northwest Germany. Our results indicate that under average conditions, the current features of batteries and charging stations are sufficient for electric trucks to perform routes at very similar times as combustion engine trucks. We also study how variations in features such as usable battery size or charging rates due to aging or ambient conditions affect route duration. Our results show that in these cases synchronization of charging and break times is crucial to keep the competitiveness of electric trucks with respect to diesel trucks.
Ali Nasiri, Esmaeil Salimi, Morteza Delfan Azari
et al.
Flood zoning has extensive applications in flood management and is considered one of the fundamental and critical pieces of information in flood risk management. Flood zoning in urban areas is much more challenging than modeling in floodplain and river areas due to the two-dimensional nature of the flow and, on the other hand, the density of urban features such as buildings, streets, boulevards, and public pathways. In this study, flood zoning for districts 21 and 22 of Tehran was conducted under the current conditions, where the area is almost devoid of surface water collection channels, using a physically-based rainfall-runoff model and two-dimensional hydraulic routing which is the novelty aspect of the article. For this purpose, the HEC-HMS model was used to estimate the runoff from the mountains, and the MIKE model was used to simulate urban rainfall-runoff. According to the modeling results, the areas affected by a 50-year flood event were identified using an integrated modeling approach in districts 21 and 22, covering 8% of these areas. In these areas, the maximum flood depth is 11.8 meters in Vardavard river and the highest speed is 4.5 meters per second at the beginning of Hashemzadeh street (south of Kharrazi highway). The results indicate that in the event of extreme events such as a 50-year rainfall, a significant portion of the highways and main communication arteries of Tehran leading westward would be disrupted, and traffic would be impossible. Moreover, various land uses would fall within the flood zone, and due to the absence of a surface water network, waterlogging conditions throughout districts 21 and 22 of Tehran are predictable. Therefore, the development of a surface water collection network is one of the main priorities for reducing flood risk in these areas.
Risk in industry. Risk management, Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention
This article aims to analyze how organizational purpose influences the meaning of work and employee engagement. The article is relevant due to the scarcity of studies on the subject, but also because organizations have faced numerous challenges linked to new ways of working, resignations from professionals who are looking for greater personal and professional fulfillment, among other factors that impact the meaning of work and employee engagement. Given this scenario, this article makes contributions as it identifies: (i) how the phenomenon “organizational purpose” manifests itself in practice; (ii) its relevance; (iii) its positive impact on the meaning of work and engagement and (iv) the importance of the role of leadership in this process. To achieve the objective of this work, ten semi-structured, qualitative research studies were carried out, using the thematic analysis technique to process the data. The study concludes that: (i) the organizational purpose needs to be authentic; (ii) that there is a direct relationship between a company with an organizational purpose and the positive impact it generates on the meanings of work; (iii) the organizational purpose is the “differentiator” in engagement; (iv) and leadership is a driver and guardian of purpose.
Abstract Systems Thinking (ST) has become essential for practitioners and experts when dealing with turbulent and complex environments. Twitter medium harbors social capital including systems thinkers, however there are limited studies available in the extant literature that investigate how experts' systems thinking skills, if possible at all, can be revealed within Twitter analysis. This study aims to reveal systems thinking levels of experts from their Twitter accounts represented as a network. Unraveling of latent Twitter network clusters ensues the centrality analysis of their follower networks inferred in terms of systems thinking dimensions. COVID-19 emerges as a relevant case study to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 experts’ Twitter network and their systems thinking capabilities. A sample of 55 trusted expert Twitter accounts related to COVID-19 has been selected for the current study based on the lists from Forbes, Fortune, and Bustle. The Twitter network has been constructed based on the features extracted from their Twitter accounts. Community detection reveals three distinct groups of experts. In order to relate system thinking qualities to each group, systems thinking dimensions are matched with the follower network characteristics such as node-level metrics and centrality measures including degree, betweenness, closeness and Eigen centrality. Comparison of the 55 expert follower network characteristics elucidates three clusters with significant differences in centrality scores and node-level metrics. The clusters with a higher, medium, lower scores can be classified as Twitter accounts of Holistic thinkers, Middle thinkers, and Reductionist thinkers, respectfully. In conclusion, systems thinking capabilities are traced through unique network patterns in relation to the follower network characteristics associated with systems thinking dimensions.
Abstract The brewing industry is one of the largest industrial users of water. In spite of significant technological improvements over the last 20 years, energy consumption, water consumption, wastewater, solid waste and by-products and emissions to air remain major environmental challenges in the brewing industry. This article reviews some of these challenges with a focus on key issues: water consumption and waste generation, energy efficiency, emission management, environmental impact of brewing process and best environmental management practices which do not compromise quality of beer. The review is meant to create an awareness of the impact of beer production on the environment and of, practices to reduce environmental impact.
Redouane Chaibi, Mohamed Yagoubi, Rachid El Bachtiri
This study addresses the issue of robust dynamic output feedback control (DOF) for polynomial Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems in the Finite Frequency (FF) domain. Sufficient conditions for designing the robust DOF control are derived in terms of the sum of squares (SOS). The proposed strategy is built in the FF domain to reduce conservation-generated by the techniques established in the whole frequency domain. In addition, there are no transformation matrices or equality constraints under these conditions, which simplifies the numerical solution. To show the validity of the suggested technique, several numerical examples are presented.
Marco Antonio Tello Miranda, José Ovidio Flores Gutiérrez
Las deficiencias en la calidad de la educación superior figuran entre las principales debilidades del Perú según el ranking mundial de competitividad. Por ello, en este estudio se determinó la eficiencia técnica (ET) de las universidades públicas peruanas mediante el análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) y, además, se analizaron las relaciones entre la experiencia y calidad de las instituciones, y la ET. El estudio abarcó las 42 universidades públicas registradas para el año 2016, a la cuales se les midieron un insumo y dos productos. Se concluyó que las universidades públicas peruanas presentan funciones de producción de rendimientos constantes a escala (ETG promedio= 56.8%), lo que sirvió de base para clasificar a las instituciones en cuatro categorías según sus orientaciones estratégicas (alta o baja) hacia la investigación o masificación educativa; asimismo, se comprobó que la ET no se relaciona con la experiencia o la calidad de la institución educativa.
Dimitri van der Linden, Mattie Tops, Arnold B. Bakker
et al.
Flow is a state of full task engagement that is accompanied with low-levels of self-referential thinking. Flow is considered highly relevant for human performance and well-being and has, therefore, been studied extensively. Yet, the neurocognitive processes of flow remain largely unclear. In the present mini-review we focus on how the brain's locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system may be involved in a range of behavioral and subjective manifestations of flow. The LC-NE system regulates decisions regarding task engagement vs. disengagement. This is done via different modes of baseline and stimulus-evoked norepinephrine release. We emphasize the theoretical and empirical overlap between the LC-NE system and flow. For both, a match between a person's skill and task challenge is important in order to induce high levels task-related attention. Moreover, psychophysiological indicators of LC-NE system activity, such as eye pupil diameter and arousal are also sensitive to flow states. Flow is related to arousal in an inverted U-shape. Similarly, in theories on the LC-NE system, task engagement is highest with intermediate levels of arousal. We argue that knowledge about the role of the LC-NE system in establishing the flow experience may help to gain fundamental knowledge of flow and can contribute to unifying various empirical findings on this topic.
majid ashrafi, Ebrahim Abbasi, Seyed Ali Hosseini
et al.
In recent financial scandals, related parties transactions (RPTs) have been as one of the major concerns, so that the targeted use of these transactions and lack of their disclosure or insufficient disclosure are some of the factors in the failure of the corporates. In RPTs, there is a risk that the related party may be favoured with terms that could harm the interests of the company’s shareholders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of related parties transactions on the firm value with the moderating role of the audit committee incorporates listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research statistical sample consists of 100 listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange in 6 years of 2013-2018. This research, based on the nature and content, is a descriptive/ correlational research. Using Panel data and multiple regression, the results of the research show that there is a negative relationship between RPTs and the firm value. The findings also show that there is a positive relationship between the audit committee and the firm value. Also, the findings show that different types of RPTs have a different effect on the firm value. The results also show that the audit committee does not affect the relationship between RPTs and the firm value.