Hasil untuk "Land use"

P. Hollingsworth, L. Forrest, J. Spouge et al.

S. Archer, D. Schimel, E. Holland

Pradesh Jena, Francis Dutta, Bijoy Krishna Handique et al.

Abstract Precision farming (PF) has emerged as a game-changer in agriculture, offering technological solutions to address the critical challenges of food security and climate change. However, the widespread adoption of PF faces hurdles due to the complexities of diverse cropping systems and the high costs associated with advanced ground-based instruments. To overcome this, an innovative approach was introduced in Bandia village of Assam, India by using UAV multispectral and Sentinel 2 data synergistically. The UAV imagery acquired on 17th March 2021, with ten multispectral bands (444–842 nm) was used for classifying different land use types using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) technique. The classification resulted into a moderately diverse cropping system with maize and rice cultivated as dominant crops occupying 45.56% and 40.87% of the total cultivated area. The diversity of the cropping pattern was further validated by ecological indices, with Shannon's Diversity Index (DI) at 1.09, Simpson's DI at 0.62, and Evenness Index at 0.78. Successively, crop above ground biomass, leaf area index and height were monitored based on the optimized Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model using vegetation indices from both the platforms. Cost analysis of this approach revealed a remarkable 99% cost reduction compared to traditional PF techniques. Our findings strongly suggest that the synergistic use of UAV and satellite data offers a more comprehensive view of agriculture lands, enabling high-precision monitoring of crop growth and development throughout the growth cycle and facilitating improved field level management.

Chuanbao Jing, Weiqi Zhou, Yan Lin et al.

Accurate and high-resolution urban activity information is essential for quantitatively estimating Sustainable Development Goal 11, but is unavailable. We examined the capacity and limitation of the Sustainable Development Science Satellite−1 nighttime light (SDGSAT−1 GLI NTL) data in capturing the spatial extent and intensity of human activity in two Chinese megacities using mobile phone data. Key findings: (1) Lit areas highly overlap with human activity areas but are smaller. Over 92.62% of lit areas are occupied by humans. Only a minor population (<2.15%) lived in unlit areas, despite these areas accounting for over 20.01% of human activity areas, as revealed by the panchromatic band. Additionally, the NTL better identifies activity areas related to young and middle-aged adults and working and residential populations than those related to older adults and tourists. (2) The intensity relationships between NTL data and population are highly spatially heterogeneous, with weak global but strong local correlations. When accounting for land use, correlation remarkably improved, with an R2 value of even 0.85. (3) Notably, the correlation increased from fine to coarse resolution. In summary, NTL data effectively capture the spatial extent and intensity of urban human activity, especially when considering land use, but its limitations should be noted.

Ali Nasiri, Esmaeil Salimi, Morteza Delfan Azari et al.

Flood zoning has extensive applications in flood management and is considered one of the fundamental and critical pieces of information in flood risk management. Flood zoning in urban areas is much more challenging than modeling in floodplain and river areas due to the two-dimensional nature of the flow and, on the other hand, the density of urban features such as buildings, streets, boulevards, and public pathways. In this study, flood zoning for districts 21 and 22 of Tehran was conducted under the current conditions, where the area is almost devoid of surface water collection channels, using a physically-based rainfall-runoff model and two-dimensional hydraulic routing which is the novelty aspect of the article. For this purpose, the HEC-HMS model was used to estimate the runoff from the mountains, and the MIKE model was used to simulate urban rainfall-runoff. According to the modeling results, the areas affected by a 50-year flood event were identified using an integrated modeling approach in districts 21 and 22, covering 8% of these areas. In these areas, the maximum flood depth is 11.8 meters in Vardavard river and the highest speed is 4.5 meters per second at the beginning of Hashemzadeh street (south of Kharrazi highway). The results indicate that in the event of extreme events such as a 50-year rainfall, a significant portion of the highways and main communication arteries of Tehran leading westward would be disrupted, and traffic would be impossible. Moreover, various land uses would fall within the flood zone, and due to the absence of a surface water network, waterlogging conditions throughout districts 21 and 22 of Tehran are predictable. Therefore, the development of a surface water collection network is one of the main priorities for reducing flood risk in these areas.

Rosiane Moreira Machado Batista, Vanessa Martines Cepellos

This article aims to analyze how organizational purpose influences the meaning of work and employee engagement. The article is relevant due to the scarcity of studies on the subject, but also because organizations have faced numerous challenges linked to new ways of working, resignations from professionals who are looking for greater personal and professional fulfillment, among other factors that impact the meaning of work and employee engagement. Given this scenario, this article makes contributions as it identifies: (i) how the phenomenon “organizational purpose” manifests itself in practice; (ii) its relevance; (iii) its positive impact on the meaning of work and engagement and (iv) the importance of the role of leadership in this process. To achieve the objective of this work, ten semi-structured, qualitative research studies were carried out, using the thematic analysis technique to process the data. The study concludes that: (i) the organizational purpose needs to be authentic; (ii) that there is a direct relationship between a company with an organizational purpose and the positive impact it generates on the meanings of work; (iii) the organizational purpose is the “differentiator” in engagement; (iv) and leadership is a driver and guardian of purpose.

Maksym Trotsko, Viktor Hudyma, Andrii Diadechko et al.

Мета роботи: розробити узагальнену математичну модель функціонування сектору безпеки і оборони України в умовах невизначеності та ризиків, притаманних впливу гібридних засобів противника, а також дослідити синергетичний ефект впливу взаємосумісності на спроможності сектору безпеки і оборони протидіяти стратегії застосування гібридної боротьби. Метод дослідження: методи комплексного аналізу та синтезу, метод нелінійного математичного моделювання. Результати дослідження: визначено, що існує взаємозв’язок між невизначеністю та ризиками гібридних загроз, а також доведене існування компенсуючого впливу з боку сектору безпеки та оборони держави на застосування противником заходів гібридного впливу. Теоретична цінність дослідження: теоретичні положення, висновки та рекомендації, викладені в роботі, можуть стати основою для подальших наукових досліджень й дискусій з питань підвищення можливостей сектору безпеки та оборони України протидіяти гібридним засобам противника. Практична цінність дослідження: реалізація  рекомендацій  і пропозицій,  обґрунтованих  у  роботі,  які спрямовані, на основі процесів військової стандартизації, на забезпечення взаємосумісності складових сектору безпеки і оборони України, а також міжнародних партнерів, дозволить протидіяти стратегії противника щодо застосування заходів гібридної боротьби. Цінність дослідження: в даному дослідженні моделювання процесів функціонування сектору безпеки та оборони України в умовах невизначеності та ризиків, притаманних впливу гібридних засобів противника ще не були предметом комплексного наукового дослідження.

Cleonice Lisbete Silva Gama, Marília Miranda Forte Gomes, Ari Melo Mariano

Introdução A aquisição e distribuição de medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde é um dos grandes desafios para os gestores, dispendendo um alto volume de recursos públicos, que competem com as necessidades de financiamento dos demais serviços de saúde. Nesse cenário, os medicamentos de alto custo representam um desafio para as políticas de financiamento e acesso equitativo. O objetivo deste  trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliométrica para identificar as principais tendências de pesquisa em relação aos medicamentos de alto custo, as áreas de maior interesse e as regiões geográficas que lideram a pesquisa neste tema. Métodos Foi utilizado o método da Teoria do Enfoque Meta-Analítico Consolidado – TEMAC, que utiliza três etapas para identificar literaturas relevantes sobre o tema abordado, sendo que na primeira etapa é feita uma preparação para a pesquisa nas bases de dados, na segunda é feita as inter-relações entre os dados dos registros encontrados e, na última etapa, realiza-se a análise dos gráficos de coupling, co-citation e co-occurrence gerados no VOSviewer 1.6.84. Foram utilizados os descritores “high--cost medications” ou “high-cost drugs”. Resultados Nas bases escolhidas, obteve-se 519 registros, sendo 215 na Web of Science (WoS) e 304 na Scopus, no período entre 1980 e 2022, sendo em sua maioria artigos (cerca de 72%), os quais se relacionam principalmente com os desafios econômicos e políticos associados a medicamentos de alto custo. Os países que mais publicaram sobre o tema foram os Estados Unidos, Brasil, Reino Unido e Austrália. Nos últimos anos, o interesse na área tem crescido, com um aumento significativo na quantidade de publicações. Os artigos mais citados sobre o tema geralmente se concentram em doenças crônicas ou raras e em novas terapias que possam ajudar a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, principalmente para o câncer, e estão voltados para questões de custo e eficácia dos tratamentos, bem como preocupações éticas e legais. Por meio das análises de co-occurrence, co-citation e coupling, foi possível identificar que a temática do estudo está centrada em torno de termos como: medicamentos de alto custo, câncer, saúde, usuário, custos econômicos. Discussão e conclusões As conclusões mais importantes da pesquisa indicam que o custo dos medicamentos é um desafio significativo para os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, concentrando-se em encontrar soluções para tornar os tratamentos mais acessíveis e eficazes, incluindo novas abordagens de financiamento, como parcerias público-privadas e modelos de pagamento baseados em resultados. Também se destaca a importância de políticas de saúde pública eficazes para garantir que os pacientes possam acessar tratamentos de alta qualidade sem enfrentar dificuldades financeiras significativas. Esses resultados sugerem que os medicamentos de alto custo são utilizados principalmente para o tratamento de doenças graves e raras, e que o custo desses medicamentos é uma preocupação importante para os sistemas de saúde. Essas informações são relevantes para identificar as principais tendências de pesquisa em relação aos medicamentos de alto custo, as áreas de maior interesse e as regiões geográficas que lideram a pesquisa nessa área. Isso pode ajudar os pesquisadores a identificar lacunas na pesquisa e a direcionar seus estudos para áreas de maior interesse e relevância.

Adane K. Gebeyehu, Denyse Snelder, Ben Sonneveld

Risma Neswati, Nurfadila Jamaluddin Suppe, Sumbangan Baja et al.

The success of agricultural operations is highly dependent on the site selected, which affects sustainability, and it is important to solve problems associated with activities and efficient land use. However, many researchers have selected sites based solely on climate and soil characteristics and have ignored farmer preferences, which has resulted in the failure to meet sustainable agriculture goals, and a proper strategy is therefore required to anticipate related problems. This study was conducted to: (1) analyze plantation development priorities based on the hierarchy of farmers’ preferences, (2) identify the relationship between successful plantations, climate, and soil fertility. The attributes employed to assess farmers’ preferences included price, production, and price stability over the past five years, while annual rainfall, annual temperature, and soil fertility were used to assess land suitability. Farmers’ preferences were analyzed using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method, and land suitability was analyzed using the fuzzy method. The farmer preference analysis showed that coffee was the priority crop of farmers in most of the research areas, and cocoa was the lowest cultivation priority. Coffee had a higher land suitability index than other plants, ranging from 0.62 to 0.92, and it was dominant within the optimal suitability class. Clove, pepper, and cocoa plants belonged to the moderate land suitability class with indexes of 0.6–0.91, 0.56–0.88, and 0.4–0.86 for pepper, clove, and cocoa, respectively. A regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the priority of cultivated plants based on farmers’ preference and land suitability, and a positive relationship (moderate strength) was determined. These research results show that when selecting priority crops, 21% of farmers’ decisions are influenced by land suitability.

Adrienne Heritier

Purpose – This paper aims to conceptualize and empirically illustrate the challenges that financial market regulation presents to politicians and the organization tasked with specifying regulations and supervising their implementation in the interest of users and consumers of financial instruments. It analyses the problem from the viewpoint of the governor's dilemma and the control/competence conflict, the linked problem of the rent-seeking of agents/intermediators and consumers of financial instruments. Political accountability problems are enhanced by the materiality of the technologies used, i.e. algo trading. Design/methodology/approach – The paper theoretically conceptualizes and empirically illustrates the argument. Findings – The paper finds that regulators of digitalized financial markets are faced with considerable problems and depend on private agents when regulating financial transactions. However, the new technological instruments also offer new possibilities for securing compliance. Research limitations/implications – Further research should focus more in-depth on the cooperation between public and private actors in the specification and implementation of regulatory details. It should further investigate the conditions which allow regulators to use RegTech in the surveillance of financial firms. Practical implications – Since financial market transactions are opaque for most users, the creation of more transparency is crucial to hold regulators accountable in their activity of surveillance of financial firms. New algorithm-based technologies may lend important support in doing so. Originality/value – By linking the different analytical perspectives, i.e. the governor's dilemma vis-à-vis the intermediator or agent and the possible rent-seeking of intermediators, under the condition of a highly developed technology of financial transactions as well as the market structure, the paper offers new insights into the limits as well as new opportunities of regulating financial markets allowing for political accountability of regulators and financial firms.

Rahmat Dhandy, Septine Brillyantina, Asmunir et al.

Sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan yang menjadi penggerak utama dalam bidang agribisnis di Kabupaten Sigi merupakan sektor terpenting yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Kenyataan ini bisa dilihat dari besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan masih sangat dominan terhadap pembentukan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) berdasarkan harga konstan Tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Sigi yaitu sebesar 41,68% pada tahun 2019. Perolehan PDRB tersebut belum diketahui dari komoditas apa dan dari kecamatan mana, oleh karena itu guna meningkatkan PDRB saat ini diperlukan informasi yang lebih rinci, yaitu informasi tentang komoditas pangan yang memiliki potensi daya saing kompetitif dan komparatif serta sektor basis dalam pengembangan produksi tanaman pangan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis macam-macam komoditas tanaman pangan unggulan dan mengkaji struktur pertumbuhan komoditas tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Sigi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (LQ) dengan pengambilan data produksi komoditas tanaman pangan selama 2015 s/d 2019. Metode LQ menghasilkan komoditas yang tergolong unggulan secara keseluruhan yaitu komoditas Ubi Jalar (13,55), Kacang Kedelai (13,05), Kacang Hijau (12,59) dan Ubi Kayu (11,69).

G. Hilson

K. Seto, C. Woodcock, Conghe Song et al.

J. Benayas, J. Bullock, A. Newton

K. Seto, R. Kaufmann

Michael G. Collins, F. Steiner, Michael J Rushman

G. Zeleke, H. Hurni,

A. Bronstert, D. Niehoff, G. Bürger

majid ashrafi, Ebrahim Abbasi, Seyed Ali Hosseini et al.

In recent financial scandals, related parties transactions (RPTs) have been as one of the major concerns, so that the targeted use of these transactions and lack of their disclosure or insufficient disclosure are some of the factors in the failure of the corporates. In RPTs, there is a risk that the related party may be favoured with terms that could harm the interests of the company’s shareholders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of related parties transactions on the firm value with the moderating role of the audit committee incorporates listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research statistical sample consists of 100 listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange in 6 years of 2013-2018. This research, based on the nature and content, is a descriptive/ correlational research. Using Panel data and multiple regression, the results of the research show that there is a negative relationship between RPTs and the firm value. The findings also show that there is a positive relationship between the audit committee and the firm value. Also, the findings show that different types of RPTs have a different effect on the firm value. The results also show that the audit committee does not affect the relationship between RPTs and the firm value.