Hasil untuk "Judaism"

Halil Temiztürk

The Dead Sea Scrolls were incidentally discovered by Muhammad ed-Dhib and his cousins near the Dead Sea in 1947. Unearthed from eleven caves, the manuscripts were written by the Qumran community in various languages, predominantly Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Covering nearly every part of the Tanakh, the scrolls include both canonical writings and apocryphal works. The manuscripts have been dated between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE. They have opened new avenues of research into the textual history and canonization process of the Tanakh. Consequently, similarities and differences among four major textual traditions -the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Dead Sea Scrolls- have created new research trajectories in the study of religious history. One of the central concerns of this article is the extent to which the Dead Sea Scrolls, which at times diverge from the Tanakh, have influenced modern Bible translations. The textual diversity and authenticity of the scrolls have exerted a direct impact on modern translation practices. This influence is examined within the historical context of the modern English Bible translations. Major versions -such as the New American Bible, New International Version, New Revised Standard Version, New Living Translation, and Contemporary English Version- have incorporated data from the Scrolls either in footnotes or directly within the translated text. In order to demonstrate this influence with concrete evidence, three textual examples have been selected: Exodus 1:1–5, 1 Samuel 1:24, and 1 Samuel 11:1. These passages have been analyzed to identify textual variations among the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls. For instance, in Exodus 1:5, the number of Jacob’s descendants is stated as seventy in the Masoretic Text, whereas the Scrolls and the Septuagint record the number as seventy-five. In 1 Samuel 1:24, the phrase “three bulls” in the Masoretic tradition is rendered as “a three-year-old bull” in both the scrolls and the Septuagint. In 1 Samuel 11:1, historical background information that is omitted in the Masoretic account appears in both the scrolls and in the writings of Josephus. The historical-comparative method adopted in this study not only highlights textual variations but also explores their origins and and how they are reflected in modern translations. The Dead Sea Scrolls are emphasized as a primary source for the discipline of Biblical Criticism. Furthermore, it addresses how different versions of the Tanakh circulated among Jewish communities and highlights to the role of this textual diversity in shaping the sacred textual tradition. Given the limited scope of existing research on the influence of the Dead Sea Scrolls on Bible translation practices, thisstudy aims to contribute to the fields of Biblical Criticism, modern translation studies, and broader scholarship on the Jewish and Christian scriptural traditions.

Richard Harvey

This article explores Messianic Jewish theology, the theological foundation and doctrinal basis for Messianic Judaism. Messianic Jews live as Jews whilst accepting Jesus (Yeshua) as Messiah and Lord, forming Messianic congregations and synagogues. Messianic Jewish theology refers to the emerging theological streams underlying the modern-day movement of Messianic Judaism, which is: a movement of Jewish congregations and groups committed to Yeshua the Messiah that embrace the covenantal responsibility of Jewish life and identity rooted in Torah, expressed in tradition, and renewed and applied in the context of the New Covenant. (UMJC 2005) The movement is found in Israel, the USA, Europe, and worldwide. Additionally, there are many thousands of Christians with Jewish backgrounds in mainstream churches who self-identify as ‘Messianic Jews’ or ‘Jewish disciples of Yeshua’. This article offers a definition of Messianic Judaism and Messianic Jewish theology. It surveys the historical origins of Messianic Jewish theology in the early church, patristic, and medieval periods, and the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Hebrew Christian movement. It identifies the main theological streams in contemporary Messianic Judaism, outlining their assumptions, hermeneutics, methods, resources, and results on the nature of God and Yeshua, Torah, the identity of Israel, approaches to Jewish and Christian tradition, and daily life and practice. It surveys recent developments in post-supersessionist thought, ecclesiology, Jewish–Christian relations, and the missiology of Messianic Judaism. It highlights theological issues facing the movement, especially in soteriology, eschatology, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the viability of the movement in the light of assimilation, secularization, and changes in Jewish communities and Jewish identities. It assesses the contribution of key theologians such as Mark Kinzer, Daniel Juster, Stuart Dauermann, David Rudolph, Lisa Loden, and Jennifer Rosner.

Satwinder Kaur Bains

n/a

CJS Editors

Guido Baltes

Lianne Koren

Elisabeth Fernández Martín

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo abordar la contribución de la informante oral Merú Levy al fichero léxico del judeoespañol de Cynthia Crews y, especialmente, sus definiciones sinonímicas y perifrásticas, con el fin de determinar su autenticidad, establecer –en la medida de lo posible– si son producto de su idiolecto y examinar su fiabilidad como definiciones lexicográficas válidas. Una vez seleccionadas estas explicaciones de entre los miles de papeletas que componen el fichero, el corpus ha quedado formado por más de cuatrocientos ejemplos, que son los que han servido de base para realizar el presente estudio. Así pues, el artículo consta de: (I) una introducción, donde se presenta el fichero léxico del judeoespañol y las fuentes que lo conforman; (II) una contextualización de la figura de Merú y presentación de su contribución al fichero; (III) una descripción y análisis lingüístico de las aclaraciones léxicas; y (IV) las conclusiones.

F. Viljoen

It is argued that the Matthean Gospel partially reflects the unstable political and religious situation in which this document originated. Broad outlines are postulated of this probable religious situation. This article presents an investigation of the developments within the broader Jewish society during the time of the New Testament. This implies the investigation of developments within Judaism, which entails some fragmentation of Judaism and a development towards Formative Judaism. The ‘Jesus movement’ (church) and eventually the Matthean community evolved among these developments.

Gilad Be'ery, Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom

Belief in God's control of the world is common to many of the world's religions, but there are conflicting predictions regarding its role in shaping attitudes toward the welfare state. While the devout are expected to support pro-social values like helping others, and thus might be supportive of the welfare state, the possibility of taking action is undermined by the belief in God's absolute control over world affairs and in a morally perfect providence, who is responsible for the fates of individuals. As the literature provides mixed results on this question, this study examines the role of belief in God's control on welfare attitudes using three priming experiments and two priming tasks, carried out with a design that is both cross-cultural (US vs. Israel) and cross-religious tradition (Judaism vs. Catholicism). We find evidence that, largely, belief in God's control increases support for income redistribution among Israeli Jews (study 1), American Jews (study 2), and American Catholics (study 3). The findings suggest that the traditional and common political gap between the economic left and the religious, based on the evaluation that religious beliefs lead to conservative economic preferences, may be overstated.

Mehmet Gönül, Onur Altıntuğ

İnsan, manevi dünyası olan, düşünen ve inanan bir varlıktır. İnsanın manevi dünyasında tezahür eden inanç ve düşünceler; güzellik, estetik ve sanat gibi olgularla birlikte kültürel algısının oluşmasında etkin olmuştur. Fıtri olarak insanın yaratılışında var olan bu olgular, tarihi ve içtimai süreçte din ile şekillenerek anlamını bulmuş, dini kaygı ve gerekliliklerle yorumlanarak sanat eserlerinin meydana getirilmesinde önemli rol üstlenmiştir. İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar geçen zaman içinde kendi mukaddesleri ile değişmez değerlerini tespit eden ve koruyan her din, inanç bağlamında farklılıklar gösterse de hemen hepsi Allah’a ulaşma gayesiyle sanatı anlatım dili olarak kullanmıştır. İnanç değerleri doğrultusunda meydana getirilen ve insanın Yüce Yaratıcıya ulaşma noktasında hissiyatını en iyi ifade edebildiği sanat ise mûsikîdir. Bu çalışmada; ilkel zamanlardan başlamak üzere ilahi dinler; Mûsevilik, Hristiyanlık ve İslam içerisinde din ile mûsikînin ayrılmaz beraberliklerinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir

I. Resnick

R. Gaunt

W. Sombart

L. Colzato, I. van Beest, W. P. van den Wildenberg et al.

H. Green, J. M. Robinson

S. J. Cohen

R. Williams

J. Cooper

G. Bohak

L. Francis, Yashoda Romil Santosh, M. Robbins et al.