Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Gang Liu, Qiuya Cai, Tingchen Qin et al.

Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), due to their widespread distribution and chemical stability, have emerged as novel environmental contaminants threatening cardiovascular health. Evidence links MNPs to conditions such as atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, MNPs have been found within atherosclerotic plaques and in the myocardial tissues of surgery patients, highlighting their close association with cardiovascular pathology. Investigations have demonstrated that MNPs can enter the human body through oral ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and medical procedures, and subsequently accumulate in the blood, blood vessels, and cardiac tissues. Once deposited, these particles induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and activate inflammatory signaling pathways, ultimately triggering cell death. These processes contribute to endothelial dysfunction, cardiac damage and fibrosis, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching, and macrophage foam cell formation, thereby likely contributing to the onset and progression of CVDs. Despite these findings, the potential cardiovascular risks of MNPs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This review summarizes the basic properties of MNPs, their biodistribution within the cardiovascular system, toxic effects, and underlying molecular mechanisms, providing a foundation for future risk assessment and the development of preventive strategies.

Pamela Talero Cabrejo, Aida Navas, Karen Aguia Rojas

La caracterización de la fuerza laboral en Terapia Ocupacional es fundamental para la planificación del recurso humano en salud. En Colombia, la falta de datos actualizados dificulta la evaluación de la distribución profesional y la identificación de áreas prioritarias de desarrollo. Este estudio transversal descriptivo analizó la composición y distribución de terapeutas ocupacionales en el país mediante la encuesta nacional YoCuenTO, obteniendo 748 respuestas válidas. Los hallazgos indican que el 89,8% de las personas encuestadas son mujeres, con una edad promedio de 38,2 años, concentrándose en Cundinamarca (44,4%), Valle del Cauca (11,8%) y Nariño (8,3%). En el ámbito laboral, el 65,4% trabaja en el sector privado, el 21,8% en el público y el 12,8% en el mixto, mientras que el 57,75% ejerce en más de dos áreas, destacándose salud (91,7%), educación (28%), y laboral y seguridad y salud en el trabajo (19,5%). Además, se reportó una percepción de escasez crítica de recursos en salud, comunidad, educación y salud mental. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de fortalecer los sistemas de información y fomentar la participación gremial para una planificación efectiva de la profesión.

Lorenzo Ruggieri, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Sara Giordana Rimoldi et al.

<i>Ralstonia</i> spp. are low-virulent environmental Gram-negative bacteria that can cause serious nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. We report the characteristics of a cluster of <i>R. insidiosa</i> bacteremia cases occurring in our oncology day ward in Milan, Italy, between January and March 2022. A case was defined as a cancer patient attending our day ward and whose blood culture (performed because of bacteremia symptoms) led to the isolation of <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i>. An epidemiological investigation was conducted in order to seek the possible source of infection. Seven adult patients received curative or palliative treatment via infusion through a Port-a-Cath (PAC). All developed symptoms within 24 h of the infusion (three during the infusion itself). <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i> was isolated in the blood drawn from the PAC in all patients. All of the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and piperacillin/tazobactam but resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Systemic and/or lock antibiotic therapy led to stable symptom resolution and negative blood cultures in five patients, whereas bacteremia recurred in two patients. An epidemiological investigation suggested that extrinsic contamination of antiseptic solutions was the possible cause of the <i>R. insidiosa</i> infections. Although <i>R. insidiosa</i> is not considered a virulent pathogen, clinicians, microbiologists, and infection control teams should be aware about its potential to cause outbreaks of nosocomial bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients bearing central venous catheters.

Arif Susanto, Edi Karyono Putro, Saskia Nur Fadhilah Kusnadi et al.

Introduction: The mineral ore processing industry is a sector that can generate pollutants in the form of dust during the production, commonly known as respirable dust. This dust can enter the upper respiratory tract and lungs, thereby causing health problems to employees working in the mineral ore processing industry. This study aims to investigate health risks associated with exposure to dust in the mineral ore processing industry. Methods: Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) was used to assess dust exposure over the previous three years, following the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 0600 for dust sampling measurement. Results: Seven locations with high dust emissions were considered for this study. The results of the respirable dust sampling showed that the concentrations in the previous three years ranged from 1,823 to 6,109 mg/m3, followed by a decrease in the following year to 0.049 to 2,715 mg/m3. Meanwhile, in the final year, the concentration of respirable dust ranged from 0.094 to 1.341 mg/m3. The calculated risk quotient (RQ) value for the previous three years remained below 1, indicating safety. Conclusion: Athough respirable dust was considered safe in the previous year, it is important to constantly control exposure due to continued high levels and the possibility of future increases

Priska Aulianingrum, Hendra Hendra

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a collection of symptoms in the human skeletal and muscular systems, which are characterized by discomfort or pain. The International Labor Organization (ILO) stated that MSDs are the most common health problem among office workers in 27 countries under the European Union. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for MSDs among office workers. Method: This study used the literature review method by accessing an online database using different keywords, namely risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and office workers. Subsequently, 939, 1,421, and 243 articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed.Gov, respectively, with a total of 2,603. The inclusion criteria include papers published between 2011 and 2021, relevant titles and abstracts, primary study with a cross-sectional design, as well as full-text availability. Incomplete articles that are irrelevant to the topic were then excluded, after which a total of eight were selected for analysis. Result: Based on selected articles known that the risk factors for MSDs include age, gender, knowledge of ergonomics, work posture, work facilities, duration of work, physical activity, and psychosocial factors in the workplace. Conclusion: The significant risk factors for MSDs include increasing age, female gender, increased work duration, poor knowledge of ergonomics, wrong work posture, non-ergonomic support facilities, lack of physical activity, as well as poor psychosocial conditions in the workplace.

Ying Ma, Xiaomeng Ding, Qing Liu et al.

Abstract Background Nanomaterials have been widely used in electrochemistry, sensors, medicine among others applications, causing its inevitable environmental exposure. A raising question is the “carrier” effect due to unique surface properties of nanomaterials, which may collectively impact the bioavailability, toxicokinetic, distribution and biological effects of classic toxicants. Noteworthy, this aspect of information remains largely unexplored. Methods Here, we deliberately selected two entities to mimic this scenario. One is graphene oxide (GO), which is made in ton quantity with huge surface-area that provides hydrophilicity and π–π interaction to certain chemicals of unique structures. The other is Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a representative double-bond rich liver-toxic endotoxin widely distributed in aquatic-system. Firstly, the adsorption of GO and MCLR after meeting under environmental conditions was explored, and then we focused on the toxicological effect and related mechanism of GO-MCLR complex on human skin cutin forming cells (HaCaT cells) and normal liver cells (L02 cells). Results Abiotically, our study demonstrated that GO could effectively adsorb MCLR through hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction, the oxidation degree of GO-MCLR decreased significantly and surface defect level raised. Compared to GO or MCLR, GO-MCLR was found to induce more remarkable apoptosis and ferroptosis in both HaCaT and L02 cells. The underlying mechanism was that GO-MCLR induced stronger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtROS generation, followed by Fe2+ accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal damage. Conclusions These results suggest that the GO-MCLR complex formed by GO adsorption of MCLR may exhibit more toxic effects than the single material, which demonstrates the necessity for assessing nano-toxicant complexity. Our discovery may serve as a new toxicological paradigm in which nanomaterial mediated surface adsorption effects could impact the degree of cytotoxicity and toxicological mechanisms of classic toxins. Graphical Abstract

Andrea de Pilar Moreno López , Andrés Camilo Restrepo Mora , Katherine Lorena Blanco Munévar et al.

Este artículo propone una reflexión a partir de las experiencias de un grupo de estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional durante su práctica en el área de educación, en diálogo con las apuestas de la perspectiva ética de Lévinas y la construcción de horizontes de sentido en el campo educativo, que interpelan comprensiones de la educación como instrumento para el mero aprendizaje de habilidades y conceptos que se instalan en los sujetos. La práctica se realizó con dos grupos de niños y niñas del Jardín infantil de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia durante el primer semestre del 2021, en la modalidad de teleterapia ocupacional. Se enfatiza en el proceso de constitución de espacios de aprendizaje y reflexión sobre el actuar profesional en la escuela, en tiempos de distanciamiento social por la pandemia de COVID-19, y de otras formas para construir relaciones basadas en la proximidad y la acogida en teleterapia.

Monalisa Ma'rifat, Atiya Thifal Rofifa, Tri Martiana

Introduction: The plate manufacturing production unit is one of the work units in PT. INKA (Persero), which involves the interaction between humans and machines in its activities, heavy equipment, and materials, all of which can cause possible hazard impacts that can impact the safety and health of workers. The purpose of this study is to conduct risk assessment on occupational safety and health aspects by identifying risks, assessing risks, identifying control efforts and assessing residual risk as a form of efforts to prevent occupational accidents and occupational diseases, using existing resources effectively and efficiently. Method: This research is a type of qualitative research, through interviews and observations, with cross-sectional studies and descriptive analysis. The interviewees for this study were K3LH management managers, steel managers, and machine operators in the plate production unit (PPL). The tools in this study werean interview guide, Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Determining Control (HIRADC) using the AS / NZS 4360: 2004 Risk Management Worksheet Standard Risk Matrix. Results: From the research, it was found that there are 94 hazards for 11 different machines. Regarding the risk levels, there are 9 extreme risk levels, 46 high risk levels, 33 medium risk levels and 6 low risk levels. Conclusion: There are still 61 risks with medium risk level and 6 remaining risks with high risk level that still need control. Control efforts have been implemented by PT. INKA (Persero) in accordance with the hierarchy of control, such as the use of PPE and the provision of work SOPs.   Keywords: hazard identification, risk management, risk assessment, risk control, residual risk

Rony Mia, T. Ahmed, Navid Tanjim et al.

Since the 1980s, the Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh has encountered fast development and is at present positioned the second most elevated exporter on the planet after China. The RMG business has made a generous commitment to the economy and society by fundamentally giving a wellspring of work to around over 4,000,000 laborers, for the most part, ladies. This amazing development is subverted by the absence of safety in the factories and industrial accidents, which has defined the health hazards associated with the RMG division. These mishaps stunned the nation and the worldwide network. Because of these mishaps, the Government of Bangladesh and the advancement accomplices have prepared extraordinary help and made responsibilities to improve working conditions and worker's safety in the RMG business in Bangladesh. This paper is an endeavor to confirm the advancement and execution level of various activities taken by Bangladesh Government and the worldwide purchasers and retailers of RMG explicitly in the field of occupational health hazards, for example, health and hygiene, safety, other issues of health, hygiene and safety, welfare as well as OHS management system & training. A useful study was done straightforwardly on RMG laborers to rough their insight level on consistency factors and their comprehension and acknowledgment of the current acts of occupational health hazards and safety in RMG manufacturing plants.

Alexandre Lavissière, Tibor Mandják, J. Hofmann et al.

Purpose Previous literature dealing with sustainable marketing in a B2B context is mostly limited to spot measures on an environmental, economic or social layer. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to exemplify how seaports as powerful economic business networks can facilitate multi-layered sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The authors integrate multiple case studies to pursue an inductive research approach to derive general patterns based on empirical observations. Findings Operationalizing the concept of a port community enables the authors to show how seaports not only facilitate multi-layered sustainability but also mutually interact. Hence, port sustainability can be achieved through and by a port community. Research limitations/implications The conceptualization of the interplay between port community and multi-layered sustainability contributes to the business and industrial marketing literature in general and to the yet hitherto scarce port marketing literature in particular. Future research should go beyond this initial conceptualization by gathering further empirical research. Practical implications The study outlines how strengthening interactions among port management stakeholders (i.e. business and non-business actors such as port authorities and policymakers) might lead to higher economic success and societal welfare by pooling yet hitherto independent resources. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to define how the concept of a holistic port community can facilitate sustainability acted out on its three pillars and how both concepts interact.

Wonder Nyoni, Manikam Pillay, Mark Rubin et al.

Organizational factors are considered part of the broader human factors domain and have long been suspected to have a significant influence on individual and group behavior in the workplace, although there is little research on their influence in mining workplaces. This paper provides an update of a systematic literature review (SLR), reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The PRISMA Statement 2009. The SLR examined the relationship between organizational factors and residual risk management in the context of accident causation in mining. Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2018. Following eligibility criteria, 28 studies were selected for quality assessment and reviewed. The results of the SLR included the identification of several organizational factors that are common in the mining industry, as well as the existence of a conceptual relationship between organizational factors, residual risk management and accident causation. In particular, the review found that about two-thirds of the eligible articles acknowledged a linkage between organizational factors and accident causation. The SLR also identified several research gaps associated with the lack of empirical research around the relationship between organizational factors, residual risk and accident causation. More importantly, the review found no empirical studies that utilized the term residual risk thus implying a gap and inconsistency in risk taxonomy in the mining industry. In light of these gaps, further research is recommended to examine the nature and extent of the influence of organizational factors on residual risk management, with particular focus on examining the influence of organizational factors on the functioning and effectiveness of risk controls. It is envisaged that by improving the efficacy of risk controls, mining companies can ultimately improve their safety performance and make it more sustainable.

Kirsty Meldrum, Sarah B. Robertson, Isabella Römer et al.

Abstract Background Nanomaterial inhalation represents a potential hazard for respiratory conditions such as asthma. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have the ability to modify disease outcome but have not been investigated for their effect on models of asthma and inflammatory lung disease. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CeO2NPs in a house dust mite (HDM) induced murine model of asthma. Results Repeated intranasal instillation of CeO2NPs in the presence of HDM caused the induction of a type II inflammatory response, characterised by increased bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils, mast cells, total plasma IgE and goblet cell metaplasia. This was accompanied by increases in IL-4, CCL11 and MCPT1 gene expression together with increases in the mucin and inflammatory regulators CLCA1 and SLC26A4. CLCA1 and SLC26A4 were also induced by CeO2NPs + HDM co-exposure in air liquid interface cultures of human primary bronchial epithelial cells. HDM induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling in mice were not altered with CeO2NPs co-exposure. Repeated HMD instillations followed by a single exposure to CeO2NPs failed to produce changes in type II inflammatory endpoints but did result in alterations in the neutrophil marker CD177. Treatment of mice with CeO2NPs in the absence of HDM did not have any significant effects. RNA-SEQ was used to explore early effects 24 h after single treatment exposures. Changes in SAA3 expression paralleled increased neutrophil BAL levels, while no changes in eosinophil or lymphocyte levels were observed. HDM resulted in a strong induction of type I interferon and IRF3 dependent gene expression, which was inhibited with CeO2NPs co-exposure. Changes in the expression of genes including CCL20, CXCL10, NLRC5, IRF7 and CLEC10A suggest regulation of dendritic cells, macrophage functionality and IRF3 modulation as key early events in how CeO2NPs may guide pulmonary responses to HDM towards type II inflammation. Conclusions CeO2NPs were observed to modulate the murine pulmonary response to house dust mite allergen exposure towards a type II inflammatory environment. As this type of response is present within asthmatic endotypes this finding may have implications for how occupational or incidental exposure to CeO2NPs should be considered for those susceptible to disease.

Cassandra da Silva Fonseca, Nicole Ruas Guarany

<p>A paralisia cerebral (PC) constitui um quadro clínico importante que pode acometer crianças, causando déficits de movimento, controle postural, prejuízos sensoriais e cognitivos, com isso, faz-se necessário estimular as habilidades da criança para que alcance um desempenho efetivo em todas as áreas de ocupação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar terapia por contensão induzida que consiste na imobilização do membro superior não afetado com um treino intensivo da extremidade afetada, em crianças com PC hemiplégica. Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, do tipo antes e depois, não cego e não randomizado. Utilizou-se a Teenager Motor Activity Log- TMAL, a Pediatric Arm Function Test- PAFT e a Inventory of New Motor Activities Program- INMAP para analisar o desempenho funcional dos participantes antes e após o tratamento. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 2 crianças com PC Hemiplégica. A avaliação TMAL identificou melhora na freqüência e qualidade dos movimentos realizados com o membro afetado nas duas intervenções. Da mesma forma a avaliação PAFT demonstrou um aumento na realização de tarefas unilaterais e bilaterais com o membro afetado, sem necessitar de comandos. A INMAP apresentou melhora principalmente nos padrões de alcance, pinça eficiente e preensão. Os resultados demonstram que após a intervenção, houve um aumento significativo no desempenho funcional de atividades motoras das crianças. Neste sentido, acredita-se que intervenções como esta permitem uma reabilitação para aquisição de maior autonomia e independência em atividades cotidianas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Cerebral palsy (CP) forms an important clinical picture that may affect children by causing them movement and postural control deficits, sensory and cognitive damages. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate children’s skills so that they can achieve an effective performance in all occupational areas. The aim of this work is to carry out a constraint-induced movement therapy which is the immobilization of  theirnot affected upper limb and an intensive training of their affected end in children with hemiplegic CP. It is a quasi-experimental, before and after, non-blinded and non-randomized study. A Teenager Motor Activity Log (TMAL), a Pediatric Arm Function Test (PAFT) and an Inventory of New Motor Activities Program (INMAP) were used to analyze the functional performance of the participants before and after the treatment. The study sample included two children with hemiplegic CP. The TMAL evaluation showed a better frequency and quality of the movements performed with the affected limb in both interventions. In the same way, the PAFT evaluation showed an increase in unilateral and bilateral tasks when they used their affected limb with no need for commands. The INMAP showed some improvement of reaching, effective pinching and gripping standards mainly. The results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant increase in the functional performance of the children’s motor activities. Therefore, it is believed that this type of intervention provides a rehabilitation to obtain a greater autonomy and independence in daily activities.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Functional Performance; Cerebral Palsy; Rehabilitation; Occupational therapy.</p>

Ayyuda Asyraf Zahra, Sho'im Hidayat

PT. (X), Surabaya is one of company that manages toll road or highway that implement the shift system of work. Shift work has the potential for job stress and other health problems. The purpose of this research was to identify descriptive the level of job stress between shift work at the toll collector in PT. (X), Surabaya. This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. 36 toll collector who work when the morning shift, afternoon, and evening at the toll gate x, toll gate y and toll gate z were chosen as sample by using Proportional Random Sampling method. The results showed when the shift I (morning) there were 15 respondents (41.7%) suffered mild job stress and 21 respondents (58.3%) suffered moderate job stress. At the shift II (evening) there were 12 respondents (33.3%) suffered mild stress of work and 24 respondents (66.7%) suffered moderate job stress, while at the shift III (evening) were 9 respondents (25%) suffered light work stress and 27 respondents (75%) suffered moderate job stress. Based on the research results, it can be concluded the level of job stress between of shift work on the toll collectors suffered mild and moderate stress. The greatest frequency of respondents suffered moderate job stress. Recommendation for the company is review the system of career development and maintaining training activities, while for workers is use the time to rest and regular exercise. Keywords: job stress, shift work, toll collector

Cristina Bolaños, Gabriel Martinez, Gregorio Ramos

The objective of the study was to identify the health care needs of the elderly in a semi - rural community, their existing support networks and to develop a healthcare project for this population from an occupational perspective. A mixed, three-phase methodology was used. In Phase I, a descriptive, transverse and correlational design was employed, followed by a combined quantitative and qualitative design in Phase II and a qualitative methodology in Phase III. In the latter two phases, a Participatory–Action-Research Methodology and Community Based Rehabilitation was used. Results. The occupational resources and health needs of the elderly in the community were identified. These resources and needs became the basis for the development of an awareness and training program for the caregivers. A rehabilitation support program was also implemented. Social network resources and needs were identified and generated a support group for the elderly in a vulnerable situation. This project allowed to connect different actors involved in the healthcare of the elderly. It also raised awareness among the elderly regarding the value of their own knowledge and their contribution to the social fabric of the community. The involvement of undergraduate and graduate interns in occupational therapy throughout the project facilitated covering different types of health needs as well as to expand the number of beneficiaries. It also gave students the opportunity to get involved and to work directly in the community through the identification of the occupational needs of the population as a means to intervene more effectively.

Gustavo Reinoso

This study presents the development of a Parental Questionnaire for the Measurement of Sensory Responsivity in Children with a Diagnosis of Autism (QMSR). A systematic review of the international literature in the 2000-2015 period and three Delphi studies were conducted. The three Dephi studies prospectively examined eighty-seven (N=87), seventy-three (N=73) and sixty (N=60) Argentine Occupational Therapists certified in Sensory Integration. These professionals classified all 62 items of the QMSR with three labels that included “maintain” “modify” and “eliminate” and provided written suggestions for changes in their structure and composition. Additionally, they determined their inclusion in four categories: “Hypo-responsivity”, “Hyper-responsivity”, “Motor Planning” and “Social” and six sensory responsivity scales: “Visual”, “Auditory”, “Vestibular”, “Taste/Smell”, “Proprioceptive” and “Tactile”. The final version of the QMRS and professional feedback on all its items, categories and scales is presented, together with suggestions for future studies that could potentially clarify its clinical utility and research applications

E. G. Lee, John H Nelson, M. Kashon et al.

Peter McGarry, L. Morawska, L. Knibbs et al.

J. Lavoué, M. Friesen, Igor Burstyn

Tsai Dai-Hua, Amyai Nadia, Marques-Vidal Pedro et al.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear, the induction of systemic inflammation following particle inhalation represents a plausible mechanistic pathway.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used baseline data from the CoLaus Study including 6183 adult participants residing in Lausanne, Switzerland. We analyzed the association of short-term exposure to PM₁₀ (on the day of examination visit) with continuous circulating serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-α) by robust linear regressions, controlling for potential confounding factors and assessing effect modification.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In adjusted analyses, for every 10 μg/m³ elevation in PM₁₀, IL-1ß increased by 0.034 (95 % confidence interval, 0.007-0.060) pg/mL, IL-6 by 0.036 (0.015-0.057) pg/mL, and TNF-α by 0.024 (0.013-0.035) pg/mL, whereas no significant association was found with hs-CRP levels.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Short-term exposure to PM₁₀ was positively associated with higher levels of circulating IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the adult general population. This positive association suggests a link between air pollution and cardiovascular risk, although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanistic pathway linking PM₁₀ to cardiovascular risk.</p>