Hasil untuk "Homeopathy"

Sara Fathallah, Ahmed Abdellatif

Abstract Background Natural antioxidants are crucial in slowing the progression of nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), primarily by counteracting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation-two central drivers of neuronal injury. Green tea (EGCG) and broccoli (sulforaphane, SF) extracts are rich in potent antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory compounds, yet their comparative neuroprotective efficacy against cuprizone (CPZ)‑induced toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods GC–MS confirmed catechins and caffeine as the main green tea constituents, and sulforaphane with flavonoids as predominant in broccoli. SH‑SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to CPZ (750 or 1000 µM) with or without extract pretreatment (EGCG, 5 or 10 µM; SF, 10 or 20 µM). Cell viability (MTT, trypan blue), membrane/nuclear morphology (light and fluorescence microscopy), and expression of MMP‑3, IL‑1β, NF‑κB1, HIF‑1α, and miR‑124‑3p were assessed. Results CPZ (750 µM) reduced viability by > 80% and induced marked structural damage. Optimal doses—EGCG 5 µM and SF 10 µM—significantly preserved cell viability and morphology. CPZ elevated MMP‑3 and suppressed NF‑κB1, HIF‑1α, and miR‑124‑3p, with no change in IL‑1β. EGCG alone markedly reduced MMP‑3 and IL‑1β; SF alone lowered IL‑1β and moderated miR‑124‑3p loss. SF + CPZ broadly attenuated CPZ effects, significantly reducing MMP‑3 and IL‑1β and restoring NF‑κB1 and HIF‑1α. EGCG + CPZ conferred selective protection but increased MMP‑3 relative to EGCG alone. Conclusion Both extracts mitigate CPZ‑induced neurotoxic signaling via distinct yet overlapping pathways—EGCG through targeted suppression of matrix degradation, SF through broader anti‑inflammatory and gene‑restorative effects. The current findings support their potential as complementary neuroprotective strategies, warranting further in vivo validation.

Vidhi Saraf, Hariharan Triplicane Dwarakanathan, Al-Muaayad Al-Abri et al.

<b>Background:</b> Desmoid fibromatosis (DF) is a rare, locally aggressive soft tissue tumour with unpredictable clinical behaviour. Historically, treatment has involved surgery; however, contemporary guidelines, such as those from the Desmoid Tumour Working Group, advocate active surveillance. This article reviews current perspectives on DF, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, emerging research directions and cost effectiveness based on our experience at the West of Scotland Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GRI). <b>Methodology:</b> We reviewed 101 patients diagnosed with desmoid fibromatosis between 2010 and 2024. A review of patient records was conducted to gather information on demographics, date of diagnosis, prior treatment, treatment initiation, intervention types, imaging intervals, follow-up duration, recurrence rate for surgery and other intervention, and discharge timelines. All data was systematically organized and analyzed to assess our outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Out of 101 patients with DF in the study, 66% were females. The most common site of primary tumour was lower extremity (39.6%) followed by near equal distribution in upper extremity and trunk. Out of the total cases, 72 (71.2%) were successfully managed with active surveillance involving serial imaging and clinical reviews in accordance with European guidelines. A total of 22 patients (21%) received treatment: 10 underwent surgery alone, 2 had surgery combined with radiotherapy, 8 received only radiotherapy, 1 was treated with hormonal therapy and 1 participated in a trial with Nirogacestat. Of the seven remaining patients, six had unplanned surgery outside followed by active surveillance at GRI. One patient was on alternative treatment modality, homeopathy. The average number of MRI scans per patient was 3.11, with many patients requiring significantly more imaging. MRI surveillance varies significantly in desmoid tumours due to their heterogeneous behaviour. Active or symptomatic tumours often require more frequent scans (every 3–6 months), while stable cases may need only imaging annually or just clinical monitoring. Recurrence was noted in eight patients, all of which were related to prior surgery. The total combined cost of imaging and appointments exceeds £6500 per patient in active surveillance. <b>Conclusions:</b> We conclude that most patients with desmoid fibromatosis in our cohort were effectively treated with active surveillance, consistent with current European guidelines. Surgical management of desmoid fibromatosis in our cohort is historic and has shown a significant recurrence risk. Our study proposes a revised follow-up protocol that significantly reduces costs without compromising on patient care. We suggest a two-year surveillance period for stable disease with patient-initiated return to reduce unnecessary clinic visits, imaging and healthcare costs.

Angharad Vernon-Roberts, Abida Denny, Andrew S. Day

Background: Complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) describes products/practices outside conventional medical care. CAM may be used to support or replace conventional/prescribed therapies. The aim of this study was to determine patterns of CAM use among children attending a tertiary care hospital in New Zealand (NZ) and measure parental opinion about CAM. Methods: Prospective survey-based study among children and their parents attending inpatient and outpatient clinical areas. Surveys collected demographic and health variables, current CAM use, and parental opinions on CAM. Results: Of the 236 children participating: 41% female, mean age 6.8 years (SD5), 76 (32%) with a chronic illness. CAM was used by 132 (56%) children, the most common being: oral supplements, body manipulation methods, or holistic practices. CAM use was associated with lower child health rating (<i>p</i> = 0.001), Māori ethnicity (<i>p</i> = 0.03), parent education level (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and family member CAM use (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Opinion survey results revealed CAM use was most strongly related to doctors recommending CAM, information on CAM, and CAM cost. There was a 31% CAM disclosure rate to the child’s medical team. Conclusions: This study highlights cultural differences in CAM use not previously reported among children in NZ. Parental opinion regarding CAM influences use for their child and disclosure rates.

Enibera Ajaykumar, Thilak Sura Anjanappa, Komera Sunanda et al.

Background: A major global health concern in the 21st century is diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in India is 8.3%, and 647,831 deaths were related to diabetes in India. Medical students tend to have a sedentary lifestyle due to academic demands, which makes them more prone to noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes. The study was conducted to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the factors associated with the risk of diabetes among medical students at a medical college in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 medical students in a medical college in Andhra Pradesh. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score scale was used to assess diabetes risk, and data were collected through online mode using Google Forms after taking informed consent. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The risk of acquiring diabetes in the next 10 years was slightly elevated in 46 (16.6%) female students, 7 (2.5%) male students, and moderate risk in 4 (1.4%) female students. There was a significant association between diabetes risk and body mass index, physical activity >30 min, eating veg/fruits daily, history of high blood glucose, and history of diabetes in the family. Conclusion: According to the study, one-fifth of students had a slightly elevated or moderate risk of diabetes in the next 10 years.

Hamidreza Pourfard MD, Ali Ahmadi PhD, Zahra Habibi MD et al.

Corticosteroids improve the complications of Covid-19 but may cause some side effects such as hyperglycemia. Royal jelly is one of the bee products that exert anti-inflammatory, insulin-like, and hypoglycemic activities. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of royal jelly capsules on blood sugar and the clinical course of Covid-19 in the patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. In this clinical trial, 72 Covid-19 patients with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and pulmonary involvement hospitalized in Shahrekord Hajar Hospital were enrolled and randomized into two groups: treatment (receiving corticosteroids and Royal Jelly 1000 mg capsules daily for 7 days) and placebo (given corticosteroids and placebo). Laboratory tests, blood sugar, and clinical courses were determined and compared. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. On day 7 after the onset of the intervention, the dosage and frequency of insulin, FBS level, and required corticosteroid showed a decrease in both groups but the inter-group difference was not significant ( P  > .05). As well, the Spo2 level indicated a non-significant increase and hospital stay length indicated a non-significant decrease in the intervention group ( P  > .05). Among the symptoms, only headache, cough, and dyspnea indicated an improvement in the intervention group ( P  < .05). Overall, the results indicated the short-term consumption of royal jelly could not significantly improve blood sugar and the clinical course of Covid-19; however, it could significantly improve headache, cough, and dyspnea in the patients.

Mita Munshi, Md. Hossain Sohrab, Mst. Nadira Begum et al.

Abstract Background Due to increasing number of individuals within the world having health issues caused by varied cancers, drug-resistant microorganism, parasitic protozoans, and fungi could be a cause for alarm. Endophyte’s are a unique source of medicinal compounds which requires an intensive seek for newer and simpler agents to handle these sickness issues is currently advancing. This study explores the description of endophytic fungi of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob., a mangrove plant growing in mangrove forest, Sundarban, Bangladesh. Methods The endophytic fungi of experimental plants were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region Moreover, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial tests were assessed. In addition, the screening of extracts was performed by visual detection using UV light. Results Three fungi namely CEDBE-1, CEDLE-6 and CEDLE-10 (internal strain no) were isolated as endophytic fungi and identified as Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys spp. and Fusarium solani respectively on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. The isolates were cultured at 280 C±2 for 21 days in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The extracts of fungal isolates were examined at 100 µg/disc concentration for the screening of antibacterial activity and exhibited no activity against tested human pathogenic bacteria. The strain CEDBE-1 showed highest antioxidant activity of IC50 value of 31.07 µg/mL comparing with the positive control ascorbic acid (0.74) and BHA (7.79) µg/mL. All isolates exhibited strong cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay compared with the positive control tamoxifen. Preliminary chemical screening of the fungal extracts by thin layer chromatography technique revealed the presence of various compounds. Conclusions The findings indicate that endophytic fungal isolates explored from C. decandra has diversified biological activities which may be potential source of leads for new drug development.

Zinar Alan, Halil Özgüldü, Meryem Sedef Erdal et al.

Abstract Background Ethnobotanical studies investigating a large number of traditional herbs and uses have an important role in the discovery of new drugs. Nowadays, some of these traditional herbs are researched directly in the clinical trials. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the 19 plant species that have been identified in the clinical trials among 300 plant species belonging to 79 families with traditional use for skin problems in Turkey. Main body Natural sources are very important to treat diseases for thousands of years. The ethnopharmacological research of natural products ranges from the collection of biogenic samples such as plants to preclinical and clinical studies with the aim of developing drug templates or new drugs. In the ethnopharmacological approach, it is aimed to reach the result based on the traditional and modern knowledge about natural resources. The biggest advantage of this approach is synthesizing new and old information. After the plant or natural compound is determined, other processes work similarly with conventional drugs. Methods Ethnobotanical papers, thesis and projects in Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) have been sought and results were synthesized. Results Most of the clinical uses of herbs have been seen similar to their traditional uses. On the other hand, there are some plants on which their clinical uses differ from the traditional uses such as Borago officinalis, Calendula officinalis or Euphorbia peplus. When the frequency of traditional uses of herbs are compared, Plantago species, Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata are the most used taxa in Turkey, secondly, Hypericum perforatum comes. However, Plantago species are not of much interest in clinical trials. It is seen that most of the plants in the clinical research are tried for wound healing occuring due to different origins such as cancer, surgery and injury. Side effects were observed only during the application of Allium cepa, Cydonia oblonga and H. perforatum. Conclusions When clinical trials are evaluated in terms of efficacy and overall results, significant differences and effective results are seen in treatment groups given herbs in comparison with placebo or control groups.

Rusat Jahin Anmol M. Pharm, Shabnam Marium M. Pharm, Fei Tsong Hiew PhD et al.

Citrus grandis or Citrus maxima , widely recognized as Pomelo is widely cultivated in many countries because of their large amounts of functional, nutraceutical and biological activities. In traditional medicine, various parts of this plant including leaf, pulp and peel are used for generations as they are scientifically proven to have therapeutic potentials and safe for human use. The main objective of this study was to review the different therapeutic applications of Citrus grandis and the phytochemicals associated with its medicinal values. In this article different pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiepileptic, stomach tonic, cardiac stimulant, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anti-diabetic activities of the plant are highlighted. The enrichment of the fruit with flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins, limonoids, acridone alkaloids, essential oils and vitamins mainly helps in exhibiting the pharmacological activities within the body. The vitamins enriched fruit is rich in nutritional value and also has minerals like calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium, which helps in maintaining the proper health and growth of the bones as well as the electrolyte balance of the body. To conclude, various potential therapeutic effects of Citrus grandis have been demonstrated in recent literature. Further studies on various parts of fruit, including pulp, peel, leaf, seed and it essential oil could unveil additional pharmacological activities which can be beneficial to the mankind.

Musa Bola Busari, Rabiat Unekwu Hamzah, Hadiza Lami Muhammad et al.

Abstract Liver and kidney diseases are becoming order of the day in both developed and developing countries as a result of environmental pollutants such as lead. Restorative activities of methanol and methanol/acetone phenolic-rich extracts (MPR and MAPR, respectively) of the N. latifolia fruit (NLF) on lead acetate-induced liver and kidney damaged were assessed in Wistar rats. The antioxidant activities of both phenolic-rich extracts of NLF were also carried out using standard methods. Seven groups of Wistar rats comprising of 5 rats each were used for the study and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of lead acetate solution was administered orally to the 6 groups of animals to induce liver and kidney damage. The high and low dosages of 300 and of 150 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of both MPR and MAPR were administered orally to four groups for 14 days along positive (100 mg/kg bw. of silymarin), negative (treated with the placebo) and naïve control (non-induced). The percentage DPPH radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power and percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation show high antioxidants activities dose-dependently. Furthermore, administration of lead acetate significantly (p > 0.05) reduces the weight gain and elevates the liver and kidney relative weight as well as their respective damage biomarkers with distortions in their histologies. However, treatment with MPR and MAPR resulted in significant (p < 0.05) improve in the percentage body weight gain, relative liver and kidney weight as well as restoration of the activities of the liver and kidney functions biomarkers of the treated animals. Likewise, lesser hepatic and renal cells injury were also observed in the treated groups with MAPR being more active at high dosage which significantly (p < 0.05) compared well with normal group. Hence, the phenolics content of the N. latifolia fruit can be exploited further for drug development for the management kidney and liver damage arise from lead-induced toxicity.

Oluwaseyi Adegoke Adetunji MSc, Jeremiah Olorunjuwon Olugbami PhD, Ayodeji Mathias Adegoke PhD et al.

Toxicities due to exposure to arsenic-contaminated water and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus are major health concerns. Treatment of these concerns using therapeutic measures have recorded limited success. Traditionally, Laportea aestuans (LA) has been used in managing various diseases. Hence, we investigated the reno-hepatoprotective/antidiabetic potentials of methanol leaf extract of LA (MeLELA) in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats (100-150 g) were equally distributed into 6 groups: Group I (vehicle-treated); group II received 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite (SA) thrice a week for 2 weeks; group III received streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg once); group IV received 200 mg/kg LA daily for 14 days; group V received SA and LA; group VI received STZ and LA. Sodium arsenite and STZ induced reno-hepatotoxicity and diabetes, respectively. Phytochemical screening, biomarkers/enzyme activities, blood glucose levels, micronucleus assay, kidney, liver and pancreas histologies were determined according to standard procedures. Alkaloids, carotenoids and flavonoids were present in abundance. Both SA-and STZ-treated groups recorded significant (p < 0.05) reductions in serum protein concentrations, while co-treatment with LA significantly restored the levels. The SA-induced significant increase in creatinine/urea levels were significantly reduced by LA. Co-treatment of each of SA-and STZ-treated groups, respectively, with LA significantly decreased the elevated serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases’ activities. Increased blood glucose level in diabetic group was remarkably lowered by LA. Also, the SA-induced frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was significantly ameliorated by LA. Conclusively, LA is protective against SA-induced toxicity and STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats.

Ayça Şolt, Sena Dilek Aksoy

Background: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in pregnant women.Purpose: This study was aimed at determining the effects of complementary and alternative therapy methods on the symptoms of pregnancy-related constipation.Search strategy: The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMAguidelines. The database Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, national databases were screened to reach studies published from January 2010 to March 2020 with restriction to human studies in English or Turkish language. The quality of the studies included in the study was assessed with the measurement tool proposed in the JADAD, JBI, and Observational Open-Label Studies scales.İnclusion criteria: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords constipation “pregnancy” or pregnant woman and “acupuncture” or “acupressure” or“massage” or “herbal medicine” or “aromatherapy” or “music therapy” or “homeopathy” or“hypnosis” or “meditation” or “feflexology” or “moxibustion” or “ayurvedic Medicine” or “ayurveda” or “Traditional Iranian MedicineData extraction and analysis: Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors.Findings: 14536 studies were selected and 706 studies were screened based on their titles and abstracts. Seventy-three studies were analyzed in detail to assess whether they were suitable. In order to find a larger number of original articles, of the studies in the reference lists of these studies, those found in the electronical environment were screened, but no studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, 3 studies were included in the study.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that herbal medicine and foot reflexology reduced constipation complaints during pregnancy without any side effects. Because the number of studies conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of different types of complementary and alternative medicine methods in pregnant women with constipation is very few, more studies should be carried out on the issue.

T. Bhattacharya, Payaswini Maitra, D. Bera et al.

Abstract Background For the study of homeopathic medicines in proper perspective, emerging techniques in material science are being used. Vibrational spectroscopy is one such tool for providing information on different states of hydrogen bonding as an effect of potentization. The associated change in electrical properties is also correlated with this effect. Objective From the vibrational spectra, the changes in hydrogen bonding due to dilution followed by unidirectional vigorous shaking (together termed potentization) of 91% ethanol and two homeopathic medicines Chininum purum and Acidum benzoicum have been studied. The aim was to correlate the result with the change in the electrical properties of the system. Methods Raman spectroscopy was used to study the vibrational spectra. A U-shaped glass tube (electrochemical cell), where one arm contained bi-distilled water and the other arm alcohol/homeopathic medicine (the arms being separated by a platinum foil), was used to measure the voltage generated across two symmetrically placed platinum electrodes. Results For all samples, it was observed that potentization affected the intensity of OH stretching bands at the frequencies 3240 cm−1, 3420 cm−1 and 3620 cm−1, corresponding to strong hydrogen bond, weak hydrogen bond and broken hydrogen bond, respectively. With the increase in potency, in the presence and absence of the two medicines in ethanol, the number of OH groups linked by strong hydrogen bonds decreased, while the number of OH groups with weak hydrogen bonds increased. With the increase in potentization, the number of OH groups with broken hydrogen bonds showed a difference in the presence and absence of the medicine. The voltage measurements for ethanol show that, with succussion, the magnitude of voltage increased with the two medicines at lower potencies, but not at higher potency where the voltage is lower. Acidum benzoicum, which is acidic in nature, had higher voltage values (113mV, 130 mV and 118 mV at 6C, 30C and 200C, respectively), compared with Chininum purum, which is basic in nature (20 mV, 85 mV and 65 mV at 6C, 30C and 200C, respectively). Conclusion The experimental results indicate a correlation between the vibrational and electrical properties of the homeopathic medicines Acidum benzoicum and Chininum purum at different potencies.

Pedro Everson Alexandre de Aquino PhD, Tamiris de Fátima Goebel de Souza PhD, Flávia Almeida Santos PhD et al.

Wound healing involves the interaction of blood cells, proteins, proteases, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. Inflammation is one of the first events occurring during this process. Previously, we showed that the N-Methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-Hydroxy-L-Proline (NMP) from Sideroxylon obtusifolium leaves (a Brazilian medicinal species) presents an anti-inflammatory action. Considering inflammation as an important event in the wound healing process, the objectives were to investigate the topical effects of the NMP gel on a mice wound-induced model. Male Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: Sham (surgical procedure only), Control (gel-base treated), and 3% or 10% NMP gel-treated groups. Measurements of wound areas and microscopic analyses (HE [hematoxylin-eosin] and PSR [picrosirius red] stainings) were carried out, at the 7th and 12th, days after the wound induction. Furthermore, immunohistochemical assays for iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and biochemical measurements for TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), GSH (glutathione), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also performed, at the second day after the wound induction. The work showed that NMP decreases the wound areas, after topical application, relatively to the Sham and Control groups. In addition, microscopic alterations were reduced and collagen deposition was increased, at the 7th and 12th days, in the 10% NMP group. While iNOS and COX-2 immunostainings and GSH contents increased, in relation to the Sham and Control groups, TBARS and MPO decreased. Altogether, the results showed NMP to improve the wound healing process, by upregulating iNOS and COX-2 activities, reducing lipid peroxidation and MPO activity, and increasing GSH contents. In addition, NMP certainly contributes to the increased collagen deposition. These data may stimulate translational studies dealing with the possible use of NMP from Sideroxylon obtusifolium or from other sources for the management of wound healing.

Debjit Ghosh, Sumanta Mondal, K. Ramakrishna

Abstract Background Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., (Plumbaginaceae) is a small mangrove tree or shrub traditionally used by the local healers of mangroves for curing pain and inflammation. However, there are no scientific reports of its toxicological properties which would guarantee the safety of its folkloric usage as a potent pain reliever. Therefore, the present study deals in acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia ethanolic leaves extract (ARELE) on male and female Wistar rats administered through oral gavage. Methods Acute toxicity study was conducted at a single oral dose of 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg, body weight (b.wt.) for 14 days with a special emphasis on the first four hours after drug administration to find out any mortality and morbidity. In sub-acute toxicity, the extract at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, b.wt., was administered orally for 30 days. Important parameters such as general behaviour, body and organ weight, urinalysis, haematological and biochemical profile, organ macroscopy and microscopy were conducted. Organ sample of liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lungs, and stomach were taken from both male and female rats, whereas the sample of testis and ovary was taken from male and female rats respectively for organ necropsy and histopathological studies. Neurobehavioral toxicity was conducted by performing a functional observational battery (FOB) and locomotor activity on the initial and final week of the 30-day study period. Results No mortality or any major signs of morbidity was recorded for acute toxicity except for the limit dose (2000 mg/kg, b.wt.) which produced a slight short-term sedative effect. In sub-acute toxicity, no major alteration was observed in the evaluated parameters. However, few minor changes were recorded for high dose (500 mg/kg, b.wt.) group. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that oral administration of Aegialitis rotundifolia ethanolic leaves extract did not produce any severe toxic effects in both acute and sub-acute studies in Wistar rats. Therefore, usage of an appropriate amount of Aegialitis rotundifolia leaves extract preferably at low doses for its traditional use should be considered safe.

Ayushi Lodha, Shylaja Someshwar

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare disorder which is characterized by the involvement of all ectodermal derivatives and marked deficiency of sweating. It has a prevalence of 1: 100,000. X-linked recessive fashion is the most common pattern of inheritance, and 90% of the individuals affected are males. Autosomal dominant and recessive forms of this disease are very rare. Here, a 24-year-old female presented with classical features of HED: sparse lusterless hair, everted lips, and artificial dentures with a history of hypodontia in childhood. Patient's niece had complaints of decreased hair growth and sweating since birth. The patient also gave a history of similar complaints in great grandmother. Hence, we present an uncommon scenario where three females of an extended family were affected with HED and had symptoms of varying severity.

Agnel Arul John Nayagam, Shobana Gunasekaran, Sivasubramanian Rangarajan et al.

Abstract Objective Caesalpinia bonducella L. is well known and extremely valuable herb in ayurvedic system of medicine. The present study is aimed to design the evaluation of aqueous extract of Caesalpinia bonducella L. on doxorubicin induced myocardial infarction in wistar strains of albino rats of both sex. Materials and methods The experimental animals are divided in to 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I (Normal Control), Group II (Negative Control, 2.5 mg/kgbw of Doxorubicin i.p.), Group III (2.5 mg/kgbw of Doxorubicin i.p.) + AECB (150 mg/kgbw), Group IV (2.5 mg/kgbw of Doxorubicin i.p.) + AECB (300 mg/kgbw), Group V (2.5 mg/kgbw of Doxorubicin i.p.) + standard drug (Propranolol 5 mg/kgbw). Doxorubicin induced myocardial infarction was confirmed by disturbances in levels of cardiac markers (Lactate Dehydrogenase, Troponin-T, Creatine Kinase-MB Isoenzyme, Creatine Phosphokinase), nucleic acid contents (DNA and RNA), Challenged levels of Membrane bound enzymes such as Na+/K + ATPase, Ca2 + ATPase and Mg2 + ATPase, Decreased tissue protein and altered lipid profile markers. Results Doxorubicin induced rats significantly showed increase in the activities of LDH, CK-MB, CPK, Troponin-T, nucleic acids, membrane bound enzymes, lipid profiles and decrease in the serum HDL. Treatment with AECB simultaneously at two different doses such as 150 mg/kg bw, 300 mg/kg bw prevented the leakage of myocardium markers and altered the levels of Protein, DNA, RNA and membrane bound enzymes. The AECB prevented the altered variations in Cholesterol, Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids and Free Fatty Acids. This extract also brought back the levels of Lipoproteins like HDL, LDL and VLDL which were varied in disease control animals. Conclusion The present study concludes that AECB is effective in controlling the cardiac markers and lipid levels which could be due to its ability to maintain the membrane stability and repair the myocardial damage.

Sunil Kumar Jena, Kanhu Charan Purohit, Biswabhusan Mohanty

Background: Generalized and abdominal obesity is associated with increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Rate pressure product (RPP) is an indicator of myocardial oxygen consumption, and higher value of RPP indicates myocardial work stress or cardiovascular risk. Thus, RPP can be correlated with anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR) to evaluate the risk of adiposity on myocardial work stress. Materials and Methods: In this study, 104 young male college students were recruited as subjects. Height, weight, WC, and hip circumference were measured whereas BMI and WHR were derived by specific formula. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded after allowing for 10 min rest and RPP was derived by specific formula. Subjects were distributed into different groups considering BMI, WC, and WHR. The analysis of parameters, i.e., systolic BP, HR, and RPP was done by one-way ANOVA, unpaired t-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: The major findings of this study suggested that obese and overweight subject RPP was more than normal participants. The subjects of WC >90 cm had higher RPP than the subjects of WC ≤90 cm. The subjects of WHR ≥0.90 had higher RPP than WHR <0.90. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between RPP and anthropometric indices, i.e., BMI, WC, and WHR. Conclusion: Vital parameters of adiposity or obesity such as BMI, WC, and WHR may be used to evaluate the risk of myocardial work stress or cardiovascular events in correlation with RPP.

Syal Kumar MD, Gustav J. Dobos MD, Thomas Rampp MD

Traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda) is becoming increasingly popular, with many chronic conditions responding to it well. Most patients begin to take conventional medications as soon as their diagnoses are made, so ayurvedic treatments are usually undergone alongside and/or after conventional medical approaches. A detailed knowledge of the action of food, spices, and medicinal plants is needed in order to understand their potential influence fully. While societal use of ayurvedic plants and Indian spices is commonplace, without ill effect, the use of more concentrated products made from single plants, often in the form of teas or tablets, is of more concern. The mechanisms by which polyherbal drugs and their extracts act differ in many respects from the actions of single substances or synthetic drugs. Despite the fact that ayurvedic medicines are based on natural herbal materials, their safety depends on their method of administration, taking into account individuals’ needs and their specific disease conditions.

Mahmoodreza Moein PharmD, PhD, Gholamreza Hatam PhD, Razieh Taghavi-Moghadam PharmD et al.

Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n -butanol fractions of Greek juniper ( Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. from the family Cupressaceae) were evaluated for antileishmanial activities against Leishmania major promastigotes compared to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). In vitro toxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and microplate ELISA reader. Extracts were prepared in ethanol/dimethyl sulfoxide (80/20) at 10 to 0.62 mg/mL. The standard was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline at 500 to 15.62 mg/mL. Both leaf and fruit extracts and related fractions showed strong inhibitory effects against promastigotes, significantly different from that of the standard. The leaf extract and the respective petroleum ether fraction showed maximum effectiveness compared to other fractions and also fruit extract and fractions (IC 90 = 1.89 ± 0.03 and 0.90 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively). Regarding the potent activities of nonpolar fractions of Greek juniper leaf extract, these fractions can be suggested for further investigation.

Amit A Bharadiya, Jyotsna B Jaju, Swati C Aundhakar et al.

Presentation of dengue fever can range from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. We report a case of dengue fever presenting as encephalitis, which is very rare.