Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

Restu Santyarini, Muchamad Sholakhuddin Al Fajri

Diabetes poses a substantial public health concern in Indonesia, standing as the third leading cause of mortality following stroke and heart disease. The media holds potential as a crucial tool for public education, influencing perceptions of health issues and dispelling stigmatization or misinformation surrounding individuals with diabetes. This article investigates the representation of diabetes in Indonesian online news articles by drawing on a corpus-assisted discourse studies framework. The study focuses on analyzing nominal and verbal collocates of diabetes. The findings reveal prevalent collocations, such as penderita (sufferer), pasien (patient) and penyakit (disease), which carry stigmatizing and derogatory connotations. Additionally, the study finds a predominant emphasis on behavioral discourses in discussions about diabetes, potentially contributing to societal stigmatization, while neglecting structural or societal representations. The media’s inclination toward individualized narratives may be driven by considerations of newsworthiness and a perceived need to enhance public awareness regarding behavioral actions linked to diabetes. The study emphasizes the importance of achieving a more balanced coverage of diabetes in Indonesian news media. Integrating portrayals that highlight structural issues into news narratives is crucial for fostering a comprehensive understanding, garnering public support for societal-level policy changes and reducing the stigma associated with people with diabetes.

Khadija Khatun, Chen Shen, Jun Tanimoto et al.

Understanding how cooperation emerges in public goods games is crucial for addressing societal challenges. While optional participation can establish cooperation without identifying cooperators, it relies on specific assumptions -- that individuals abstain and receive a non-negative payoff, or that non-participants cause damage to public goods -- which limits our understanding of its broader role. We generalize this mechanism by considering non-participants' payoffs and their potential direct influence on public goods, allowing us to examine how various strategic motives for non-participation affect cooperation. Using replicator dynamics, we find that cooperation thrives only when non-participants are motivated by individualistic or prosocial values, with individualistic motivations yielding optimal cooperation. These findings are robust to mutation, which slightly enlarges the region where cooperation can be maintained through cyclic dominance among strategies. Our results suggest that while optional participation can benefit cooperation, its effectiveness is limited and highlights the limitations of bottom-up schemes in supporting public goods.

Jan Steckel, Arne Aerts, Erik Verreycken et al.

This paper introduces a novel method for predicting tool wear in CNC turning operations, combining ultrasonic microphone arrays and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). High-frequency acoustic emissions between 0 kHz and 60 kHz are enhanced using beamforming techniques to improve the signal- to-noise ratio. The processed acoustic data is then analyzed by a CNN, which predicts the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of cutting tools. Trained on data from 350 workpieces machined with a single carbide insert, the model can accurately predict the RUL of the carbide insert. Our results demonstrate the potential gained by integrating advanced ultrasonic sensors with deep learning for accurate predictive maintenance tasks in CNC machining.

Olga A. Malakhova, Tatyana V. Chernysh

The article presents an analysis of the problem field identified because of a survey of parents of students at children's art schools, which became the reason for a discussion with the participation of the parent community within the framework of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Children's Art Schools. TOP format. Potential. Process. Progress" (Yekaterinburg, March 24, 2023). Such a discussion has become an innovation as a form of work with parents and as a method of collecting information to form effective models of interaction between all participants in educational relations. Children's art schools are the basic element of a three-level art education system. The historical purpose of the children's art school is not only to introduce children to the values of world and national culture, but also to form basic professional skills and motivation to continue professional education. Involvement of parents of art schools students in solving the problem of career guidance of graduates is a relatively new and certainly important problem. The relevance is expressed in the growing shortage of personnel in the field of art education. Problem solving resources - cooperation, community and mentoring are considered as a style and format of interaction between the three components of the system: teachers, parents, and children. The purpose of the article is to characterize the influence of parents of children studying at art schools on motivation for further professional activity, to present an analysis of existing models of interaction between these children and their parents. The authors use such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, and the results of a survey of parents characterizing today's ideas about the teaching profession in the field of culture and art are presented. In the survey conducted online in January-February 2023, 1,091 parents of students at the Yekaterinburg Secondary School took part. The results of the empirical study are as follows: the key motive indicated by the parents is the overall development of the child and the development of his creative abilities. Only 16% of parents are thinking about further professional education of their children. Nevertheless, 94% of parents are confident that their children will choose a creative profession. At the same time, only 65% are ready to support their child if they choose a teaching career. Parents rate the prestige of the teacher's work low, pointing to financial difficulties as a key barrier to such work for their child. The advantages of pedagogical work are the possibility of self-development, doing what you love, a favorable environment. Such assessments of the teacher's work are recorded against the background of a high level of involvement and interest of parents in classes at the school, which can be considered as a potential communication resource for solving problems.

Lale Doğer, Ceylan Borstlap

The fragrance, which emerged as an important element of the cult of saints, takes its place in religious rites in the Byzantine healing practices of sacred centers, funeral traditions and adventus ceremonies such as the consecration of an altar in the church. The physician-saints, who offer extraordinary therapeutic prescriptions with ordinary organic substances, play a major role in the relationship between relics and scent. As a source of miraculous healing, the saints have provided health services in the centers that have become hagios topos in the Byzantium geography since the Early Byzantine Period. The heavenly treatment was realized by anointing with holy waters agiasmós (ayazma) or rubbing by sacred blessings such as myron (μύρον), balsam, hnānā, soil and ointments; staying overnight in the sanctuaries for incubation and methods such as apomyrizo (ἀπομυρίζω) have been applied. The article evaluates with eulogia the cult-related elements, the phenomenon of smelling the therapeutic relics and finding healing with its spreading scent has been studied. The descriptions of the scented oils have been investigated in the miracle collections (martyrologium) handled through the Greek terminology of the Late Roman-Byzantine Period; by extension, the reliquaries used for scented relics and the oil lamps used as a part of a cult in the religious architecture has been examined. The word myron, which means ‘fragrant ointment’, has been etymologically studied in scriptures and hagiographic texts; was aimed to clarify the myroblytes (μυροβλύτης) saints, the meaning, and the Turkish translations of the word myron. According to the functions of scent, the classification of holy oils based on their time-spatial properties and the iconography of the fragrance have been defined.

Parpulov Georgi

I publish two neglected painters’ signatures found in illustrated Greek manuscripts. By coincidence, both accompany an image of the evangelist John preceding the text of his gospel, and the respective codices are both kept in German libraries, in Wolfenbuttel and in Gotha. In one case, the words χηρ νικιτα (“hand of Nicetas”) are written below John’s image in large capitals. The image is datable on stylistic grounds to ca. 1300. Its painter is otherwise unattested, but the unusually prominent placing of his name is worthy of note. The second signature is less prominent but even more curious, for it reads Δομήνικος Κρής, i.e. “Dominic, a Cretan”. This is none other than the famous El Greco. The miniature’s style is comparable to works from his Venetian period (1567-1570).

Petra Jääskeläinen

AI is becoming increasingly popular in artistic practices, but the tools for informing practitioners about the environmental impact (and other sustainability implications) of AI are adapted for other contexts than creative practices -- making the tools and sustainability implications of AI not accessible for artists and creative practitioners. In this position paper, I describe two empirical studies that aim to develop environmental sustainability reflection systems for AI Arts, and discuss and introduce Explainable Sustainability in for AI Arts.

Martin Lopez-Corredoira

Since the beginning of the 20th century, a continuous evolution and perfection of what we today call the standard cosmological model has been produced, although some authors like to distinguish separate periods within this evolution. A possible historical division of the development of cosmology into six periods is: (1) the initial period (1917-1927); (2) the period of development (1927-1945); (3) the period of consolidation (1945-1965); (4) the period of acceptance (1965-1980); (5) the period of enlargement (1980-1998); and (6) the period of high-precision experimental cosmology (1998-now). The last period started with a epistemological optimism that has declined with time, and the expression "crisis in cosmology" is now stubbornly reverberating in the media. The initial expectation of removing the pending minor problems arising from the increased accuracy of measurements has backfired: the higher the precision with which the standard model tries to fit the data, the greater the number of tensions that arise, the problems proliferating rather than diminishing.

Evan L. Reeder, Mei-Ling Liber, Owen D. Traubert et al.

With the evolution of modern warfare and the increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), there has been an increase in blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) among military personnel and civilians. The increased prevalence of bTBI necessitates bTBI models that result in a properly scaled injury for the model organism being used. The primary laboratory model for bTBI is the shock tube, wherein a compressed gas ruptures a thin membrane, generating a shockwave. To generate a shock wave that is properly scaled from human to rodent subjects the shock wave must have a short duration and high peak overpressure while fitting a Friedlander waveform, the ideal representation of a blast wave. A large variety of factors have been experimentally characterized in attempts to create an ideal waveform, however we found current research on the gas composition being used to drive shock wave formation to be lacking. To better understand the effect the driver gas has on the waveform being produced, we utilized a previously established murine shock tube bTBI model in conjunction with several distinct driver gasses. In agreement with previous findings, helium produced a shock wave most closely fitting the Friedlander waveform in contrast to the plateau-like waveforms produced by some other gases. The peak pressure at the exit of the shock tube and 5 cm from the exit have a strong negative correlation with the density of the gas being used: helium the least dense gas used produces the highest peak overpressure. Density of the driver gas also exerts a strong positive effect on the duration of the shock wave, with helium producing the shortest duration wave. Due to its ability to produce a Friedlander waveform and produce a waveform following proper injury scaling guidelines, helium is an ideal gas for use in shock tube models for bTBI.

Jan M. van Daal, Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter

A Roman-Egyptian mummy portrait of a young woman in a pink tunic is part of the Allard Pierson collection in Amsterdam. The portrait is well-known and a key piece of the collection, but has received little scholarly attention so far. The life and the afterlife of the portrait are therefore poorly understood. The authors approach the portrait from different perspectives: its provenance and acquisition, the artist’s materials and techniques, the dating conventions surrounding mummy portraits and their cultural context. The authors advocate for this in-depth multidisciplinary approach primarily because it spotlights specific areas in mummy portraits (in this case, the pearl earrings) where iconography, materials and techniques and ancient socio-economic developments converge. Provenance research proved important not only for securing the object’s bona fide acquisition, but also for tracing its second-life biography. These converging perspectives effectively cast light on research areas where more work remains desirable. In lieu of secure documentation of the archaeological findspot (which is the case with most mummy portraits) this approach is a powerful tool to nonetheless compose histories that help to understand the meaning of mummy portraits in the past and in the present and provide a durable framework for future research.

Remko Fermin, Naor Scheinowitz, Jan Aarts et al.

With the ever-increasing energy need to process big data, the realization of low-power computing technologies, such as superconducting logic and memories, has become a pressing issue. Developing fast and non-volatile superconducting memory elements, however, remains a challenge. Superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid devices offer a promising solution, as they combine ultra-fast manipulation of spins with dissipationless readout. Here, we present a new type of non-volatile Josephson junction memory that utilizes the bistable magnetic texture of a single mesoscopic ferromagnet. We use micromagnetic simulations to design an ellipse-shaped planar junction structured from a Nb/Co bilayer. The ellipse can be prepared as uniformly magnetized or as a pair of vortices at zero applied field. The two states yield considerably different critical currents, enabling reliable electrical readout of the element. We describe the mechanism used to control the critical current by applying numerical calculations to quantify the local stray field from the ferromagnet, which shifts the superconducting interference pattern. By combining micromagnetic modeling with bistable spin-textured junctions, our approach presents a novel route towards realizing superconducting memory applications.

Refiloe Lepere

This article looks at the play, Dipina tsa Monyanyako, which was made with a group of domestic workers in South Africa. The article explores how song is used as a strategy to locate ways of creating and making in South Africa. Song therefore registers a historical way of imagining and how marginalised groups; women have written themselves into history. The production is a creative conversation where song is used to express care and anger in everyday life. Current approaches to knowledge production are inadequate in capturing song, poetics, and interpreting the forms of performances black women engage. The article makes a case for song as a form of black feminist theatre-making aesthetic. Using Dipina tsa Monyanyako, I argue that songs, silence, sighs have important methodological implications for arts-based processes and research. In post-apartheid South Africa, performances are characterized by constant aesthetic reinvention. From precolonial expressions of life to protest theatre, performance aesthetics have been a way of revealing everyday life and struggles. For black women, theatre becomes the meeting place of the expression of their lives and a space of reflection and analysis of those lives, even though, historically, the presence of black women in theatre has been minimal. The creation of Dipina tsa Monyanyako allowed for the emergence of women as empowered subjects, and song became a portal for collective transformation.

Shubham Agarwal, Trung Bui, Joon-Young Lee et al.

Visual Dialog involves "understanding" the dialog history (what has been discussed previously) and the current question (what is asked), in addition to grounding information in the image, to generate the correct response. In this paper, we show that co-attention models which explicitly encode dialog history outperform models that don't, achieving state-of-the-art performance (72 % NDCG on val set). However, we also expose shortcomings of the crowd-sourcing dataset collection procedure by showing that history is indeed only required for a small amount of the data and that the current evaluation metric encourages generic replies. To that end, we propose a challenging subset (VisDialConv) of the VisDial val set and provide a benchmark of 63% NDCG.

N. Lebedev, M. Stehno, A. Rana et al.

The Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) is an important quantity in determining the properties and understanding the behavior of the two-dimensional electron system forming at the interface of SrTiO3-based oxide heterostructures. The occurrence of AHE is often interpreted as a signature of ferromagnetism, but it is becoming more and more clear that also paramagnets may contribute to AHE. We studied the influence of magnetic ions by measuring intermixed LaAlO3/GdTiO3/SrTiO3 at temperatures below 10 K. We find that, as function of gate voltage, the system undergoes a Lifshitz transition, while at the same time an onset of AHE is observed. However, we do not observe clear signs of ferromagnetism. We argue the AHE to be due to the change in Rashba spin-orbit coupling at the Lifshitz transition and conclude that also paramagnetic moments which are easily polarizable at low temperatures and high magnetic filds lead to the presence of AHE, which needs to be taken into account when extracting carrier densities and mobilities.

Wouter Groeneveld, Joost Vennekens, Kris Aerts

Higher education provides a solid theoretical and practical, but mostly technical, background for the aspiring software developer. Research, however, has shown that graduates still fall short of the expectations of industry. These deficiencies are not limited to technical shortcomings. The ever changing landscape of 'lean' enterprise software development requires engineers to be equipped with abilities beyond the technical. How can higher education help students become great software developers in this context? As a first step towards answering this question, we present the results of a systematic literature review, focusing on noncognitive abilities, better known as 'soft skills'. Our results identify self-reflection, conflict resolution, communication, and teamwork as the top four taught skills. Internships and capstone projects require more attention as a teaching aspect to facilitate the learning of multiple skills, including creativity. Interdisciplinary teaching and group composition are other important factors that influence learning. By providing novel insights on relationships between noncognitive abilities and teaching aspects, this work contributes to the continuous improvement of software engineering curricula. These findings may also serve as a springboard for further investigation of certain undervalued skills.

Chunhai Yin, Patrick Seiler, Lucas M. K. Tang et al.

The electric-field tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface shows potential applications in spintronic devices. However, different gate dependence of the coupling strength has been reported in experiments. On the theoretical side, it has been predicted that the largest Rashba effect appears at the crossing point of the $d_{xy}$ and $d_{xz,yz}$ bands. In this work, we study the tuneability of the Rashba effect in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 by means of back-gating. The Lifshitz transition was crossed multiple times by tuning the gate voltage so that the Fermi energy is tuned to approach or depart from the band crossing. By analyzing the weak antilocalization behavior in the magnetoresistance, we find that the maximum spin-orbit coupling effect occurs when the Fermi energy is near the Lifshitz point. Moreover, we find strong evidence for a single spin winding at the Fermi surface.

Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Minghui Qiu et al.

Conversational search is an emerging topic in the information retrieval community. One of the major challenges to multi-turn conversational search is to model the conversation history to answer the current question. Existing methods either prepend history turns to the current question or use complicated attention mechanisms to model the history. We propose a conceptually simple yet highly effective approach referred to as history answer embedding. It enables seamless integration of conversation history into a conversational question answering (ConvQA) model built on BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). We first explain our view that ConvQA is a simplified but concrete setting of conversational search, and then we provide a general framework to solve ConvQA. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach under this framework. Finally, we analyze the impact of different numbers of history turns under different settings to provide new insights into conversation history modeling in ConvQA.

Sam Offler, Gert Aarts, Chris Allton et al.

New results on bottomonium at nonzero temperature are presented, using the FASTSUM Generation 2L ensembles. Preliminary results for spectral function reconstruction using Kernel Ridge Regression, a machine learning technique, are shown as well and compared to results from the Maximum Entropy Method.

Mariateresa Crosta

This essay demonstrates the key role of Astronomy in Botticelli's "Venus and Mars-NG915" painting, to date only very partially understood. Worthwhile coincidences among the principles of the Ficinian philosophy, the historical characters involved and the compositional elements of the painting, show how the astronomical knowledge of that time strongly influenced this masterpiece. First, Astronomy provides its precise dating since the artist used the astronomical ephemerides of his time, albeit preserving a mythological meaning, and a clue for Botticelli's signature. Second, it allows the correlation among Botticelli's creative intention, the historical facts and the astronomical phenomena such as the heliacal rising of the planet Venus in conjunction with the Aquarius constellation dating back to the earliest representations of Venus in Mesopotamian culture. This work not only bears a significant value for the history of science and art, but, in the current era of three-dimensional mapping of billion stars about to be delivered by Gaia, states the role of astronomical heritage in Western culture. Finally, following the same method, a precise astronomical dating for the famous Primavera painting is suggested.

Jose Antonio Guillén Berrendero

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