Lucas Muñoz-López, Borja Fernández-García-Valdecasas, Slava López-Rodríguez
et al.
AbstractWriting involves the activation of different processing modes than reading comprehension, and therefore the level of activation varies depending on the moment and the task.Objectivesto analyze the profiles in terms of the proposed coding from the PROESC in terms of personality disorders [Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) with drugs possession and consumption crimes (DPCC) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)] with gender violence crimes (GVC) in the prisoners.DesignThe sample was composed of 194 men. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (ASPD; DPCC) consisted of 81 men, and Group 2 (OCPD; GVC) consisted of 113 men.Main outcome measuresThey completed the Demographic, Offense, and Behavioral Interview in Institutions, the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE), and Writing Processes Evaluation Battery (PROESC).ResultsGroup 2 made more mistake than Group 1 in narratives tasks.ConclusionParticipants know phoneme-grapheme correspondence rules, language disturbances of a reiterative and persistent nature may appear in those who show compulsive behavior.
This study focuses on the emergence of a transnational sisterhood under three projects originating from the cooperation between groups of female comic book writers in Spain and Latin America. After the 2016 exhibition “Presentes: Autoras de Tebeo de Ayer y de Hoy” and the publication of its catalogue by Autoras de Cómic, there was a shared need to claim back the role of female or non-male authorship, and its involvement in comic book production and business. The Argentinian group Feminismo Gráfico tapped into such endeavors, and in 2019 produced “Nosotras Contamos”, a travelling exhibition and a catalogue, with a thematic and a diachronic approach. When COVID-19 broke out, Spanish and Argentinian cooperation and development institutions (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo and Centro Cultural España Córdoba) engaged in a discussion on the previous experiences. The project resulted in a publication and an online exhibition Coordenadas Gráficas (Graphic Coordinates), highlighting the work of non-male authors from Spain, Argentina, Chile, and Costa Rica. The transnational perspective of this last project extends beyond the previous national experiences and includes a meaningful selection of comic stories that, regardless of the nationality of the author, can be defined as feminist. Sexism, gender discrimination, gender violence, and sexual and reproductive rights are the shared coordinates discussed by this long list of authors, who question gender normativity from its very composition. By introducing the associative experiences that gave life to the projects and analyzing them in the international context, the study will focus on the appropriate practice of sharing knowledge to pursue a similar recognition. Moreover, based on the words of the curators and the creators, the study ultimately seeks to shed light on the production and circulation of works of collective interest, meant to recover the role of women in the history of comics.
General Works, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Extended abstract:Introduction: Following the increasing expansion of cities and urban population, the demand for urban services is also increasing. One of the important services in cities is administrative service that meets the citizens’ daily needs. This type of service has been established by ministries and central organizations with the increase of the number of cities and urban population and consequently, the increase of citizens' service needs. On the other hand, fair and adequate distribution of disciplinary enforcement centers has an effective role in establishing security and tranquility in cities. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify the current situation in this field in order to create a more appropriate and equitable distribution of administrative-disciplinary spaces that are needed by today's societies. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to evaluate the spatial pattern of administrative-disciplinary services in Isfahan so as to achieve the effect of the administrative model of administrative-disciplinary services on the desirability of the functional radius of these services and assess the relationship between the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary services and population in the related areas. Methodology: This study was of an applied type based on the purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in nature and method. Data collection was based on the library method. After collecting the basic information and data, the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services was firstly modeled by using the nearest neighborhood analysis method, local Moran index, global Moran index, and hot-spot analysis in Arc GIS software environment. Then, the effect of the spatial distribution pattern of these services on the desirability of their functional radius was evaluated in the same software by using fuzzy membership function. In the next step, by drawing the map of Isfahan neighborhoods in GeoDa software, the spatial autocorrelation of the variable population of Isfahan with the distribution of administrative-disciplinary services in its neighborhoods was determined and analyzed by using Moran’s bivariate index.Discussion: The analysis of the nearest neighborhood showed that the administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in Isfahan were randomly distributed. According to the calculations of the global Moran coefficient, the administrative-disciplinary enforcement services were distributed in clusters in the neighborhoods with a probability of 99%. By calculating the local Moran for the neighborhoods of Isfahan, it was found that 3 neighborhoods in District 13 were significantly located at the High-High clustering level, which indicated establishment of the neighborhoods with more administrative-disciplinary enforcement services nearby and in clusters. One neighborhood in District 10 and one in District 14 were located at the High-Low level. These neighborhoods had a large number of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services, while being surrounded by less record-breaking neighbors. 3 neighborhoods in District 13, which were located at the Low-High clustering level, faced the lack of access to these services, while being adjacent to the neighborhoods with a better access. Other neighborhoods did not have a significant autocorrelation. According to the maps drawn through the hot-spot analysis, the neighborhoods and central areas, especially areas 1, 3, 5, and 6, had formed hot spots and moved to the outskirts of the city due to their high administrative-disciplinary services, especially area 9 and the northeast part of the city. Also, cold spots were forming, which indicated the lack of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in these neighborhoods. Assessing the effectiveness of the spatial distribution model of these services on the desirability of the functional radius demonstrated the desirability of their functional radius in the central regions, as well as unfavorable areas and neighborhoods around the city. The desirability of the functional radius was in favor of the center but had caused a detriment to the surroundings. Moran’s bivariate index was applied to measure and evaluate the spatial autocorrelation, which showed very low probability of the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services based on the variable population with low significance. Conclusion: In general, the results indicated that the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in the neighborhoods of Isfahan City was inappropriate in a way that the desirability of access to these services in the central areas was very high, while citizens in the suburbs were facing lack of access to these services. Therefore, it is necessary to consider programs and policies that eliminate this major spatial gap and establish spatial justice in the neighborhoods of Isfahan and ultimately social justice to cover the entire city. According to David Harvey, it is advisable to give extra services to the groups in need because they do not have a history of using these services and are not thus accustomed to them. This is especially true of municipal services for very poor groups, new immigrants, and the like. Hence, entitlement to the geographical framework would be allocation of additional resources to compensate for the social and natural problems of each region. Keywords: spatial justice, spatial distribution, administrative-disciplinary services, Isfahan neighborhood References- Ardeshiri, Ali, Ken Willis & Mahyar Ardeshiri (2018). Exploring preference homogeneity and heterogeneity for proximity to urban, public services, Cities, pp 1–13.- Boyne. A., Georg, Martin A. Powell (2002). Territoial Justice Spatial Justice and Local covernment Finance, University of Herhordshire & university of clamorgan.- Delbosec, A. and G., Currie (2011). Using Lorenz curves to assess public transport equity, Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6), 1252-1259.- Deniz, A. (2012). Measuring the satisfaction of citizens for the services given by the municipality: the case of Kirsehir municipality. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32(24).- Dutta, v (2012). War on the Dream, How Land use Dynamic and Sprawling City Devour the Master Plan and Urban Suitability. A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach, proceeded in 13th Global Development Conference Urbanisatio and Development: Delving Deeper into the Nexus, Budapest, hungary.- Getis Arthur, (2005). Spatial Pattern Analysis, Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, Volume 3.- Godillon, S (2011). Urban renewal – a vehicle for spatial justice in the face of traffic safety problems, js.1-10.- Harvey, David (1935). "Social Justice and the City", the translator: Farokh. Hesamyan and Mohammad Reza Haeri and Behrouz monadi zadeh, the company processing and urban planning, Winter 1997, page 271.- Herrera, F., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2002). «Linguistic decision analysis: steps for solving decision problems under linguistic information», Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 115, 67–82.- Langford, M., Higgs, G., Radcliffe, J. While, S. (2008). Urban Population Distntution Models and Service Accessibility Estimation Compuers Environment and Urban System.- Laurent E (2011). Issues in environmental justice within the European Union, Ecological Economics, No. 70, 1846–1853.- Liao, Chin-Hsien, Chang, Hsueh-Sheng, Tsou, Ko-Wan (2009). Explore the spatial equity of urban public facility allocation based on sustainable development viewpoint, 14th International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society, Spain: Sitges, p 137-145.- Lorestani A., Yaghoubpour Z., Shirzadian R. (2016). Analysis of spatial distribution of Tehran Metropolis urban services using models of urban planning, Capital Urban Manage., 1(2). Pp 83-92.- Mitchel, G. and Norman, P. (2012). longitudinal environmental justice analysis: Co-evolution of environmental quality and deprivation in England, 1960–2007. Geoforum, No. 43, pp: 44-57.- Parry, Jahangeer A., Showkat A. Ganaie & M. Sultan Bhat (2018). GIS based land suitability analysis using AHP model for urban services planning in Srinagar and Jammu urban centers of J&K, India, Journal of Urban Management 7, pp 46-56.- Sohel Rana M. D (2009). Status of water use sanitation and hygienic condition of urban slums: A study on Rupsha Ferighat slum, Khulna", www.elsevier.com, pp. 322-328.- Tirband, Majid and Azani, Mehri (2012). Distribution of facilities and municipal services based on social justice, case study: Yasouj city, Journal of applied sociology, Issue 23, No46, p: 109-138.- Wiesel, Ilan, Liu Fanqi and Buckle Caitlin (2017). Locational disadvantage and the spatial distribution of government expenditure on urban infrastructure and services in metropolitan Sydney (1988–2015), Geographical Research, pp 1-13.- windner, Robert. (2009). Planning law primer, basics of variances planning commission journal. N6, p30-47.- Zhang Chaosheng, Lin Luo, Weilin Xu & Valerie Ledwith, (2008). Use of local Moran's I and GIS to identify pollution hotspots of Pb in urban soils of Galway, Ireland , Science of The Total Environment, Volume 398, Issues 1-3. Figures:- Figure 1: Map of the political situation of Isfahan in the city, province and country- Figure 2: Map of the central feature and directional distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in neighborhoods and areas of Isfahan- Figure 3: The pattern of distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan city using the average nearest neighborhood analysis- Figure 4: The pattern of distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in the neighborhoods of Isfahan using Moran index- Figure 5: Spatial autocorrelation of Isfahan neighborhoods from the perspective of having administrative-disciplinary services- Figure 6: Analysis of hot and cold spots in neighborhoods of Isfahan from the perspective of administrative-disciplinary- Figure 7: Analysis of the desirability of the functional radius of administrative-disciplinary services in Isfahan based on the fuzzy membership method- Figure 8: Spatial autocorrelation diagram (local Moran) between of the population and the area of administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan neighborhoods- Figure 9: Spatial autocorrelation map between the population and the area of administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan neighborhoods
Tout au long de cette étude, j'identifie – pour la première fois – le poète du Cancionero de Baena Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino, auteur de plus de deux cents compositions, avec le grand comptable de Castille Alfonso Álvarez de Toledo. Pour ce faire, je relie nombre de ses poèmes à sa biographie. Ainsi, je justifie le choix de son hétéronyme poétique (« de Villasandino »), j'explique les éloges de sa seconde épouse, Catalina, les références à sa fonction de comptable « Mayor », la présence de deux douzaines de poèmes dédiés à D. Álvaro de Luna, d'autres à D. Fernando de Antequera, qu'il a servi en Andalousie, à ses proches de la « casa de Alba », etc. Et je place, à partir de la documentation trouvée dans les archives historiques, la rédaction des derniers textes entre 1447 et 1450. Par conséquent, la datation actuellement acceptée du Cancionero de Baena, la plus grande œuvre créative du XVe siècle, doit être considérablement retardée.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
This article focuses on the transnational nature of two Cervantes’ centennials: that of the publication of Don Quijote de la Mancha, in 1905; and that of the death of its author, in 1916. Both of them became the symbols of Spanishness and the Hispanic word, so these celebrations helped to build a Spanish identity based on language and culture, an ethnic international community called la raza (the race), and some national identities linked to it throughout Latin America. Many countries organized similar commemorations where transnational forces have played a leading role, as have Spanish intellectual networks and migrant communities. The article goes into more detail on two cases: Cuba, where Cervantes’ admirers are divided between hispanophiles and hispanophobes; and Spain, where commemoration initiatives depend on American collaborations and where Spanish nationalism is subordinated to this foreign aid.
Fernando Gázquez, Thomas K. Bauska, Laia Comas-Bru
et al.
Abstract Carbonate cave deposits (speleothems) have been used widely for paleoclimate reconstructions; however, few studies have examined the utility of other speleothem-forming minerals for this purpose. Here we demonstrate for the first time that stable isotopes (δ17O, δ18O and δD) of structurally-bound gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) hydration water (GHW) can be used to infer paleoclimate. Specifically, we used a 63 cm-long gypsum stalactite from Sima Blanca Cave to reconstruct the climate history of SE Spain from ~ 800 BCE to ~ 800 CE. The gypsum stalactite indicates wet conditions in the cave and humid climate from ~ 200 BCE to 100 CE, at the time of the Roman Empire apogee in Hispania. From ~ 100 CE to ~ 600 CE, evaporation in the cave increased in response to regional aridification that peaked at ~ 500–600 CE, roughly coinciding with the transition between the Iberian Roman Humid Period and the Migration Period. Our record agrees with most Mediterranean and Iberian paleoclimate archives, demonstrating that stable isotopes of GHW in subaerial gypsum speleothems are a useful tool for paleoclimate reconstructions.
Context. NGC 2682 is a nearby open cluster that is approximately 3.5 Gyr old. Dynamically, most open clusters are expected to dissolve on shorter timescales of ≈1 Gyr. That it has survived until now means that NGC 2682 was likely much more massive in the past and is bound to have an interesting dynamical history. Aims. We investigate the spatial distribution of the stars in NGC 2682 to constrain dynamical evolution of the cluster. We particularly focus on the marginally bound stars in the cluster outskirts. Methods. We used Gaia DR2 data to identify NGC 2682 members up to a distance of ∼150 pc (10°). The two methods Clusterix and UPMASK were applied to this end. We estimated distances to obtain 3D stellar positions using a Bayesian approach to parallax inversion, with an appropriate prior for star clusters. We calculated the orbit of NGC 2682 using the GRAVPOT16 software. Results. The cluster extends up to 200′ (50 pc), which implies that its size is at least twice as large as previously believed. This exceeds the cluster Hill sphere based on the Galactic potential at the distance of NGC 2682. Conclusion. The extra-tidal stars in NGC 2682 may originate from external perturbations such as disc-shocking or dynamical evaporation from two-body relaxation. The former origin is plausible given the orbit of NGC 2682, which crossed the Galactic disc ≈40 Myr ago.
Jessica E Thomas, Gary R Carvalho, James Haile
et al.
The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species’ geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation.
Summaira Riaz, Gabriella De Lorenzis, Dianne Velasco
et al.
Abstract Background The mountainous region between the Caucasus and China is considered to be the center of domestication for grapevine. Despite the importance of Central Asia in the history of grape growing, information about the extent and distribution of grape genetic variation in this region is limited in comparison to wild and cultivated grapevines from around the Mediterranean basin. The principal goal of this work was to survey the genetic diversity and relationships among wild and cultivated grape germplasm from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean basin collectively to understand gene flow, possible domestication events and adaptive introgression. Results A total of 1378 wild and cultivated grapevines collected around the Mediterranean basin and from Central Asia were tested with a set of 20 nuclear SSR markers. Genetic data were analyzed (Cluster analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis and STRUCTURE) to identify groups, and the results were validated by Nei’s genetic distance, pairwise FST analysis and assignment tests. All of these analyses identified three genetic groups: G1, wild accessions from Croatia, France, Italy and Spain; G2, wild accessions from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia; and G3, cultivars from Spain, France, Italy, Georgia, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan, which included a small group of wild accessions from Georgia and Croatia. Wild accessions from Georgia clustered with cultivated grape from the same area (proles pontica), but also with Western Europe (proles occidentalis), supporting Georgia as the ancient center of grapevine domestication. In addition, cluster analysis indicated that Western European wild grapes grouped with cultivated grapes from the same area, suggesting that the cultivated proles occidentalis contributed more to the early development of wine grapes than the wild vines from Eastern Europe. Conclusions The analysis of genetic relationships among the tested genotypes provided evidence of genetic relationships between wild and cultivated accessions in the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia. The genetic structure indicated a considerable amount of gene flow, which limited the differentiation between the two subspecies. The results also indicated that grapes with mixed ancestry occur in the regions where wild grapevines were domesticated.
La major part de la historiografia i estudis sobre Aliança Popular normalment focalitzen els orígens de la plataforma neofranquista, exclusivament, en l’experiència de GODSA, Reforma Democràtica i Manuel Fraga, sense emfatitzar la importància dels restants components de la plataforma (6 associacions polítiques d’origen franquista). El present article té com a objectiu analitzar un dels orígenspolítics del principal partit vertebrador de l’actual dreta espanyola (el Partit Popular) com a confluència de projectes i cultures polítiques franquistes de diferent mena. Un procés de convergència que s’iniciaria a partir de 1974-1975 amb la temptativa d’unificació de les diverses forces polítiques del 18 de Juliol al voltant d’una macro-associació del Moviment Nacional
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
Carmen Frías Corredor, Pedro Rújula López, Alberto Sabio Alcutén
La reciente jubilación, y el paso a la condición de profesor emérito, de Carlos Forcadell Álvarez, catedrático de Historia Contemporánea de la Universidad de Zaragoza, proporciona la oportunidad para hacer un repaso de su trayectoria como historiador. El artículo concentra su atención sobre tres de sus facetas más destacadas. La primera de ellas, su condición de docente y de director de investigaciones. La segunda, su trabajo en campos tan diversos como la historia social, la historia de Aragón, la historia económica o la historia de la historiografía. Finalmente, su condición de gestor con capacidad para formar equipos de trabajo y desarrollar proyectos. En definitiva, un intento de establecer las líneas maestras en la actividad de un historiador clave para el desarrollo del contemporaneísmo español actual.
Itàlia i Japó, que formaven part de l’Eix en la dècada de 1930, tenien característiques comunes significatives pel que fa a les seves polítiques exteriors, encara que va haver algunes diferències estructurals en el procés de presa de decisions dels seus governs. Es van produir avenços decisius per a la seva confluència en política exterior en1936, quan Itàlia va intervenir en la Guerra Civil espanyola, i el 1937, quan Japó va començar la guerra total contra la Xina. El propòsit d’aquest assaig és establir una comparació de les polítiques dels dos governs, influïdes no només pel fet que fossin governs feixistes fanàtics i ultranacionalistes que van empènyer als seus països cap a l’adopció de polítiques exteriors agressives i imprudents, sinó que també van ser en bona mesura decisives les actuacions de les seves cancelleries tot i la imatge convenció al segons la qual els diplomàtics acostumen a ser més moderat si racionals.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
O presente artigo analisa algumas conexões culturais entre o Terceiro Reich e o Brasil por meio da produção cinematográfica alemã, mais especificamente do filme- Kautschuk, de 1938, produzido no Brasil. O artigo explicita a presença marcante do caráter expancionista do nacional-socialismo no filme, bem como das políticas de dominação imperialista do Estado alemão no período anterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial. O filme é um documento histórico da política germânica em 1938 e da rapidez com que a política nacional-socialista para a produção cultural modificava-se constantemente de acordo com os interesses políticos imediatos.
Abstract
The present article analyses some cultural connections between the Third Reich and Brazil, through film production – specifically in the film Kautschuk, produced in Brazil, in 1938. It is important here to clarify the huge presence of elements that exposes the expansionist character from that period and the full support gave from national socialist to imperialist domination policies on the period immediately before the Second World War. This film is a historical document from German cultural policy in 1938 and also how cultural production in Third Reich was permanently changing in order to achieve short term political goals.
Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses publica El buen celo premiado en 1623, durante la atmósfera inquisitorial de la España contrarreformista, seis décadas después de que el Concilio de Trento estableciera leyes rígidas para controlar y castigar a aquellos sujetos que intentaran retar la autoridad de la Iglesia en materias tales como los sacramentos del matrimonio y la confesión, entre otros. La retórica legal y la ficción permiten a este texto desenmascarar el orden artificial por medio del cual tanto la ley como la historia construyen narraciones que cumplen el propósito complejo de insertar sujetos trasgresores al tejido social.<br>Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses publishes El buen celo premiado in 1623, during the inquisitorial atmosphere of Counter-Reformation Spain, six decades after the Council of Trent established rigid laws in order to control and punish those subjects who dare to challenge the authority of the Church in matters such as the sacraments of marriage and confession, among others. Trough legal rhetoric and fiction, this text unmasks the artificial order by means of which both history and the law constructs their narrations in order to embed transgressors into the fabric of society.