<p>In October 1929, measurements of the atmospheric potential gradient (PG) began to be routinely recorded at the Magnetic Observatory in Świder, Poland. This started a new chapter in the history of the Observatory, in 1937 renamed the Geophysical Observatory in Świder. Two Benndorf electrometers recorded continuously until September 1939. War World II disrupted these observations as well as shattered efforts to publish the results of nearly a decade. Nevertheless, these early actions initiated by the Observatory management shaped its future as it became a contemporary atmospheric electricity station in the second half of the 20th century.</p>
Prasa dla mężczyzn stanowi niezwykle interesujące pole badawcze, jednak problemy terminologiczne powodują, że jest obszarem w małym stopniu zbadanym. Celem podstawowym prezentowanego artykułu jest przedstawienie wydawanych w Polsce, wybranych czasopism, adresowanych do mężczyzn. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: (1) jak definiowana jest prasa dla mężczyzn? (2) jakie w tym przypadku problemy terminologiczne można wskazać? (3) jakie funkcje, zadania i kategorie czasopism są uwzględniane w omawianej grupie? (4) czym jest prasa lifestylowa dedykowana mężczyznom? (5) jak kształtowały się tego typu pisma? (6) jakie tytuły należą do omawianej grupy? (7) jakie cechy formalno-treściowe je wyróżniają? (8) czy można określić prognozy dla tego sektora rynku prasowego? Aby odpowiedzieć na tak postawione pytania, skorzystano z następujących metod badawczych: analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa, historycznej, analizy zawartości prasy i studium przypadku.
General Works, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Marcin Śniadecki, Anna Malitowska, Oliwia Musielak
et al.
Medicine is struggling with the constantly rising incidence of breast cancer. The key to this fight is to be able to speed up diagnosis, as rapid diagnosis reduces the number of aggressive or advanced cases. For this process to be effective, it is necessary to have the right attitude toward diagnosis as a research practice. Our critical analysis of diagnosis, as a methodology of medical science, reflects on it as a research practice that is regulated in a socio-subjective way by a methodological culture. This position allows us to contrast critical methodological culture with the habitual–practical, or methodical, culture of practicing diagnosis. We point to the interpretative status of medical analyses performed by medical historians by referring to Italian Renaissance paintings and historical–artistic interpretations. In this field, analyzing disputes between researchers as a clash of methodologies in the ways interpretation transforms signs into meaning is a critical methodological reflection. Medicine is a diverse scientific discourse with a paradigmatic structure in which new ways of conducting diagnostic tests may appear. It is only possible to see this from the methodological level. In addition, passive respect for existing patterns of conduct hinders an exchange of views between researchers, which limits the possibility of correcting research procedures. The ultimate consequence of such passivity is an inability to improve diagnosis, which, in turn, harms the interests of patients. In this regard, it is worth remembering that the paramount objective of diagnosis is not the disease, but the patient.
W XIX w. istotną rolę w rozwoju nauk o gospodarstwie wiejskim i edukacji rolniczej odegrały akademie rolnicze tworzone w różnych państwach. Wśród wyróżniających się placówek tego typu znajdowała się pruska Królewska Akademia Rolnicza w Prószkowie pod Opolem. Ze względu na swe położenie, otoczenie i wysoki poziom nauczania była miejscem studiów wielu Polaków, w tym mieszkańców dawnego województwa kaliskiego. Polska młodzież tworzyła tu własne związki: Towarzystwo Literacko-Rolnicze oraz Bratnią Pomoc Akademików Polaków w Prószkowie. Wśród absolwentów tej uczelni znajdowali się ziemianie i administratorzy wielkich dóbr, którzy wdrażali na ziemiach polskich nowoczesne sposoby uprawy i hodowli, działała na rzecz rozwoju organizacji rolniczych, oświaty rolniczej oraz upowszechniania idei spółdzielczości. Uczelnię tę ukończyli znani społecznicy w tym m.in. Stefan Grabski, bliski współpracownik ks. Wacława Blizińskiego oraz ziemianin i późniejszy proboszcz parafii Wielgomłyny ks. Norbert Milewski.
Melanie Conroy, Christina Gillmann, Francis Harvey
et al.
Network visualization is one of the most widely used tools in digital humanities research. The idea of uncertain or “fuzzy” data is also a core notion in digital humanities research. Yet network visualizations in digital humanities do not always prominently represent uncertainty. In this article, we present a mathematical and logical model of uncertainty as a range of values which can be used in network visualizations. We review some of the principles for visualizing uncertainty of different kinds, visual variables that can be used for representing uncertainty, and how these variables have been used to represent different data types in visualizations drawn from a range of non-humanities fields like climate science and bioinformatics. We then provide examples of two diagrams: one in which the variables displaying degrees of uncertainty are integrated/pinto the graph and one in which glyphs are added to represent data certainty and uncertainty. Finally, we discuss how probabilistic data and what-if scenarios could be used to expand the representation of uncertainty in humanities network visualizations.
Aleksandra Kładna, Tomasz Skołozdrzy, Jan Wojciechowski
et al.
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, so it is important to study the factors that can protect against it. One of them is physical activity, which has become the area of our interest, especially the practice of sports by women aged between 21 and 34.
The aim of this retrospective study was to check how practice of sport in the age group of 21-34 in women from the research group diagnosed with breast cancer and in the control group (healthy women from families burdened with this cancer) influences the risk of developing breast cancer.
The study showed that healthy women from families with a burden of breast cancer practiced sports in the age range 21-34 more frequently and intensively than women who had a history of breast cancer. (Sport 1-highest intensity P = 0.002 Sport 2-medium intensity P < 0.001 Sport 3-the lowest intensity P < 0.001.)
It can be concluded that practicing sport in the age group of 21-34 is an important factor in the prevention of breast cancer, although the influence of other protective factors in women from the control group cannot be ruled out.
Lukas Plan, Gottfried Buchegger, Eva Kaminsky
et al.
The 116 km-long and 1560 m-deep Hirlatzhöhle is one of the major cave systems in the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA; Austria). It is located in the NW part of the Dachstein, an extensive karst massif encompassing 576 km² with its highest point at 2995 m a.s.l. In contrast to most other caves in the NCA, Hirlatzhöhle comprises old (epi)phreatic passages located up to 1 km above the base level as well as two modern major drainage systems. The aim of this study is to define the palaeo- and the active flow conditions in combination with speleogenesis, and the age of the cave levels of Hirlatzhöhle. We use morphological as well as sedimentological studies and correlations with other caves. Another difference from cave systems in the NCA is that the majority of passages in Hirlatzhöhle are not developed within the so-called Giant Cave Level between 1200 and 1800 m a.s.l., but deeper between 800 and 1300 m. Most parts of Hirlatzhöhle developed under epiphreatic conditions as indicated by rills and condensation corrosion cupolas, which is the case for much other cave systems in the NCA. In contrast, paragenetic features like canyons and ceiling channels are relatively rare as are insoluble sediments. Elongated scallops indicate that flow velocities were high and abrasive sediments were abundant. Opposite to the nearby Dachstein-Mammuthöhle and other caves east of it that show a west-directed palaeo-flow, scallops in Hirlatzhöhle indicate a NE-directed palaeo-flow and an autogenic recharge. Modern drainage is autogenic and N- to NE-directed as well. Even though burial age dating did not give reasonable results for Hirlatzhöhle yet, the correlation with other adjacent caves suggests a Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age of the main palaeo-phreatic level. This is supported by an infinite U-Th age (>0.6 Ma) of a flowstone.
This article evaluates the role of community bonds in the long-term transmission of political values. At the end of World War II, Poland's borders shifted westward, and the population from the historical region of Galicia (now partly in Ukraine) was displaced to the territory that Poland acquired from Germany. In a quasi-random process, some migrants settled in their new villages as a majority group, preserving communal ties, while others ended up in the minority. The study leverages this natural experiment of history by surveying the descendants of these Galician migrants. The research design provides an important empirical test of the theorized effect of communities on long-term value transmission, which separates the influence of family and community as two competing and complementary mechanisms. The study finds that respondents in Galicia-majority settlements are now more likely to embrace values associated with Austrian imperial rule and are more similar to respondents whose families avoided displacement.
Marek Furmankiewicz, Richard J. Hewitt, Andrzej Kapusta
et al.
Coastal and terrestrial fisheries communities in Europe, often economically marginalised, are likely to face severe impacts as climate change becomes more acute. Although progress on climate mitigation and adaptation from national governments remains slow, local development actions can also address these impacts from the bottom up. In this paper we analyse the Fisheries and Sea Operational Programme 2014–2020 and 36 Local Development Strategies prepared within the framework of this programme for the case of Poland. The strategies, which were prepared by cross-sectoral, area-based partnerships known as Fisheries Local Action Groups, are analysed using a content analysis approach. The aim was to assess the degree to which local stakeholders sought to address the climate challenge. We found that the mitigation of climate impacts and the development of renewable energy did not feature prominently in the analysed documents, suggesting that both central policymakers and local stakeholders in Polish fisheries regions had a low level of awareness about the climate problem and their potentially important role in addressing it. Transformation to a post-carbon society undoubtedly requires additional, targeted support and extensive educational activities at the local level, in Poland and elsewhere.
Respect for the achievements of the USSR was one of the foundations of Belarusian politics of history even before the rule of Alyaksandr Lukashenka; this was also reflected in the identity of most Belarusians, who perceived themselves as “Soviet people”. A special place in the narrative about the Soviet period was occupied by the Great Patriotic War, which was also presented from the perspective of the enormous demographic and material losses that affected the territory of today’s Belarus. The timid attempts undertaken in the early 1990s to demythologise the cult of the war period did not lead to any significant changes in the narrative, especially since Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s rise to power in 1994 effectively blocked any further efforts to revise Belarusian historiography. For President Lukashenka, who has ruled ever since then, the Great Patriotic War was and continues to be one of the key periods defining the history of Belarus and its contemporary domestic and foreign policy. At the same time, in response to Russia’s interference in Ukraine in 2014 and Moscow’s desire to subjugate Minsk fully, the Belarusian president began playing World War II “memory card” that had hitherto been excluded from the current disputes, in order to strengthen his and his country’s own historical narrative as something separate from that of Russia.
Czesław Brokos’s narrative, which has been supplemented by academic commentary, presents an intimate look at the underground printer’s life and activity in 1980s Poland. This witness to history also recalls the names of many of his collaborators, which had hitherto been absent from academic publications.
Abstract This paper explores the geography of microbreweries in three countries in Central Europe: the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. Each has a long, turbulent, and different history of brewing, but in the twenty-first century all of them have experienced the change in this market caused by the so-called craft beer revolution. First, in an exhaustive literature review, we present the reasons for the craft beer proliferation in the world and characterize the beer market in these three countries. We also identify the factors that might lead to the location and clustering of craft breweries. Second, we empirically test where the microbreweries tend to locate and what the driving forces are in the clustering patterns in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia, using spatial statistical models (LISA and spatial lag) and data from Eurostat and collected by the authors. Our findings suggest that craft brewers cluster in Central Europe, for reasons related to income and general well-being, the education level, economic activity and creativity, the age of the population, and the distance from cities.
Dominika Sztwiertnia, Agnieszak Ochałek, Alicja Tama
et al.
ABSTRACT In recent years, Building Information Model (BIM) has become a leading topic for construction-related fields. This technology may be viewed as a process, a type of database, a software or even a 3D model, but in fact, it integrates all these roles and many more. Heritage (Historic) Building Information Model (HBIM) is a standard for heritage objects. It not only allows for the storing of spatial information and metadata but also provides the means of documenting changes that such structures undergo. The scope of application varies from simple documentation repository, through conservation planning tools, to construction and renovation simulation instruments. In this paper, we focus on the example of the so-called Wang Temple in Karpacz, Poland. This object was chosen due to its unique history. This project was done in cooperation with BIMPoint Company (Kraków). It was aimed at showing how effective HBIM can be in accurate spatial documentation of small-scale heritage sites.
The cultural turn in translation studies has brought about a focus on the translator and the opportunity to make him or her less invisible, as well as to understand the circumstances in which he or she had to live and work, and clarify the translatorial choices they made. The present article is a case study in the history of translators in Poland, focusing specifically on 18th- and 19th-century women translators of scientific texts and the contexts in which they operated.
Polish Gothic? Establishing Real and Imaginary Boundaries through Architecture in the II Half of the 19th Century
Intensive development of national identities is a characteristic feature of the 19th century European science, culture and politics. In Poland this process was of great importance. Disintegration of the state and lack of its institutions resulted in even more determined attempts to define and divide what is “ours” from what is “foreign”. One of the most important ways of constructing this boundary was through architecture – its history and theory. In the second half of the 19th century more and more authors started to give their answers to the emerging question: are there any exceptional, individual features of Polish architecture? In this context I would like to investigate the concept of “Vistulian‑Baltic” style, which is interpreted by scholars as a first attempt to define Polish national style in architecture. Closer insight into 19th century narratives reveals how imaginary and real boundaries were established through architecture and its theory.