Hasil untuk "Europe (General)"

Wen Li, Yuan Yang, Zi-Han Liu et al.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been rapidly transmitted in China, Macau, Hong Kong, and other Asian and European counterparts. This COVID-19 epidemic has aroused increasing attention nationwide. Patients, health professionals, and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of the disease control. The National Health Commission of China has summoned a call for emergency psychological crisis intervention and thus, various mental health associations and organizations have established expert teams to compile guidelines and public health educational articles/videos for mental health professionals and the general public alongside with online mental health services. In addition, mental health professionals and expert groups are stationed in designated isolation hospitals to provide on-site services. Experts have reached a consensus on the admission of patients with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 outbreak in mental health institutions. Nevertheless, the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 has emerged to mount a serious challenge to the mental health service in China.

S. Pulit, Charli Stoneman, A. Morris et al.

One in four adults worldwide are either overweight or obese. Epidemiological studies indicate that the location and distribution of excess fat, rather than general adiposity, is most informative for predicting risk of obesity sequellae, including cardiometabolic disease and cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of body fat distribution, measured by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), and identified 463 signals in 346 loci. Heritability and variant effects were generally stronger in women than men, and we found approximately one-third of all signals to be sexually dimorphic. The 5% of individuals carrying the most WHRadjBMI-increasing alleles were 1.62 times more likely than the bottom 5% to have a WHR above the thresholds used for metabolic syndrome. These data, made publicly available, will inform the biology of body fat distribution and its relationship with disease.

C. Hallmann, M. Sőrg, E. Jongejans et al.

Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape.

C. Nesshöver, T. Assmuth, K. Irvine et al.

In this paper, we reflect on the implications for science, policy and practice of the recently introduced concept of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), with a focus on the European context. First, we analyse NBS in relation to similar concepts, and reflect on its relationship to sustainability as an overarching framework. From this, we derive a set of questions to be addressed and propose a general framework for how these might be addressed in NBS projects by funders, researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. We conclude that: To realise their full potential, NBS must be developed by including the experience of all relevant stakeholders such that 'solutions' contribute to achieving all dimensions of sustainability. As NBS are developed, we must also moderate the expectations placed on them since the precedent provided by other initiatives whose aim was to manage nature sustainably demonstrates that we should not expect NBS to be cheap and easy, at least not in the short-term.

J. Kanis, C. Cooper, R. Rizzoli et al.

SummaryGuidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis.IntroductionThe International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2013. This manuscript updates these in a European setting.MethodsSystematic reviews were updated.ResultsThe following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmacological management of osteoporosis; monitoring of treatment; assessment of fracture risk; case-finding strategies; investigation of patients; health economics of treatment. The update includes new information on the evaluation of bone microstructure evaluation in facture risk assessment, the role of FRAX® and Fracture Liaison Services in secondary fracture prevention, long-term effects on fracture risk of dietary intakes, and increased fracture risk on stopping drug treatment.ConclusionsA platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for national use.

Anthony B. Atkinson, T. Piketty, Emmanuel Saez

A. Hajat, C. Hsia, M. O'Neill

S. Werner

The purpose with this review is to provide a presentation of the background for the current position for district heating and cooling in the world, with some deeper insights into European conditions. The review structure considers the market, technical, supply, environmental, institutional, and future contexts. The main global conclusions are low utilisation of district heating in buildings, varying implementation rates with respect to countries, moderate commitment to the fundamental idea of district heating, low recognition of possible carbon dioxide emission reductions, and low awareness in general of the district heating and cooling benefits. The cold deliveries from district cooling systems are much smaller than heat deliveries from district heating systems. The European situation can be characterised by higher commitment to the fundamental idea of district heating, lower specific carbon dioxide emissions, and higher awareness of the district heating and cooling benefits. The conclusions obtained from the six contexts analysed show that district heating and cooling systems have strong potentials to be viable heat and cold supply options in a future world. However, more efforts are required for identification, assessment, and implementation of these potentials in order to harvest the global benefits with district heating and cooling.

J. Nolan, C. Sandroni, B. Böttiger et al.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation, and organ donation.

I. Daliakopoulos, I. Tsanis, I. Tsanis et al.

Lars Jonung

Scott Mainwaring, J. Linz, A. Stepan

P. Sherwood, A. D. de Vries, M. Guest et al.

M. Ohayon, T. Roth

P. Perniss, Robin L. Thompson, G. Vigliocco

Current views about language are dominated by the idea of arbitrary connections between linguistic form and meaning. However, if we look beyond the more familiar Indo-European languages and also include both spoken and signed language modalities, we find that motivated, iconic form-meaning mappings are, in fact, pervasive in language. In this paper, we review the different types of iconic mappings that characterize languages in both modalities, including the predominantly visually iconic mappings found in signed languages. Having shown that iconic mapping are present across languages, we then proceed to review evidence showing that language users (signers and speakers) exploit iconicity in language processing and language acquisition. While not discounting the presence and importance of arbitrariness in language, we put forward the idea that iconicity need also be recognized as a general property of language, which may serve the function of reducing the gap between linguistic form and conceptual representation to allow the language system to “hook up” to motor, perceptual, and affective experience.

Mariusz Wollny

Autor powieści historycznych ukazujących Kraków w XVI w. korzysta z licznych opracowań ukazujących ówczesne życie mieszkańców i funkcjonowanie władz miejskich. Pisząc o Krakowie okresu Młodej Polski przełomu XIX/XX w., mimo popularności tej epoki, autor zmuszony jest sprawdzić w archiwaliach realia pracy c.k. policji, których autentyczność jest walorem powieści.

G. Corona, David M Lee, G. Forti et al.

Krupa Michał, Ivashko Yulia

This paper discusses landscape design inspired by Chinese tradition and symbolism. The authors briefly presented the basics of Chinese tradition in the establishment of gardens and parks, their elements, symbolism and the messages they convey, in the context of the interpretation of these traditions in the design of parks established in the Chinoiserie style outside China, mainly in Europe, both in the past and at present. This study also explores the problem of the poor state of the environment, especially in urban areas, which is largely related to the shortage of green space, including parks and gardens. The lack of these spaces and, at the same time, the need to create recreational yet visually appealing spaces for the urban bourgeoisie has led to a re-emergence of Chinese landscape design traditions. One example of a contemporary implementation of a Chinoiserie-style garden is the Monte Palace Tropical Garden in Funchal, the capital of Madeira.

Andreja Jaklič, Magdolna Sass

This article examines foreign direct investment (FDI) as an indicator of economic integration, focusing on Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the two decades they have been EU members. Although CEE countries have remained on the EU’s periphery and struggled with development gaps, they have attracted substantial FDI, especially in the first decade after accession, fuelling the growth of outward FDI and integration into global value chains. Despite CEE economies like Slovenia and Hungary having seen differences in their use of FDI, such investment and European integration will remain central to the region’s economic development, even amid the ongoing geopolitical tensions.

Ivane Tsereteli

A collective trauma established in the cultural memory can function as a unifier of the in-group for a long time. The objective of this article is to clarify how April 9, 1989 and 1991, the Tbilisi War and civil confrontation, and a stressful series of sudden and intensive changes are analyzed, conceptualized, and interpreted in the fiction and memoirs created after Georgia became independent, to what extent the use of the notions of trauma and triumph are appropriate for Georgia, and whether the reality of the 1990s can be assessed as the trauma of victory. We believe that fiction and memoirs play a major role in constructing an event as a cultural trauma. On the one hand, literary texts determine the meaning of an event and shape it as a trauma and on the other hand, narration is an important method for overcoming a trauma. A trauma can be overcome through constantly conceptualizing and analyzing it, not through repression and hushing.