Hasil untuk "Engineering machinery, tools, and implements"

Adriana Estokova, Natalia Junakova, Tomas Dvorsky et al.

By submitting the conference proceedings to <i>Engineering Proceedings</i>, the volume editors confirm to the publisher that all papers included in this volume have undergone peer review under their supervision [...]

Manaya NAITO, Takahiro TOMIOKA, Takehiko TAKAHASHI

This paper proposes a simple passive device with an adjustment mechanism for spring constant and damping coefficient to realize a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) that can be used for various vibration control target frequencies. The proposed device consists of a coil spring and an air spring with an auxiliary reservoir and orifice. The active coil of the device&apos;s coil spring can be varied to adjust the spring constant. The main tank and reservoir tank are separated by an &quot;orifice disk&quot; with several orifices of different diameters, and the damping coefficient can be changed by selecting one of these orifices. A numerical model was constructed to design the spring constant and damping coefficient, and a DVA equipped with the proposed adjustment mechanism was developed. The results of stand-alone vibration tests showed that the changing trend of vibration response property agreed well with the numerical results, and the proposed adjustment mechanism worked well. Then, vibration control tests were conducted by mounting a dynamic vibration absorber on a plate-like structure that simulates the underframe of a railroad car at approximately 1/10 scale. As a result, a significant vibration reduction was successfully achieved for the bending mode of elastic vibration, and the usefulness of the proposed spring constant and damping coefficient adjustment mechanism was confirmed by adjusting the optimum spring constant and damping coefficient values, which varied at each measurement point.

Wai Yie Leong

In an increasingly interconnected world, educational systems must meet the needs of diverse learners from varying cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This study aims to explore the principles and practices of designing inclusive digital learning environments tailored to global classrooms, where diversity in language, learning styles, accessibility, and technological resources presents unique challenges and opportunities. This study also explores how leveraging digital tools, artificial intelligence, and adaptive learning technologies can create environments that are responsive to individual learners’ needs and sensitive to cultural nuances. Research on inclusive instructional design was compiled, highlighting methods such as localized content adaptation, multi-language support, and flexible learning pathways. Furthermore, the role of collaborative learning platforms was assessed to foster a sense of community across geographic and cultural boundaries. Case studies were conducted from diverse educational perspectives to propose effective strategies for inclusive digital design, highlighting successful approaches and areas for improvement. Ultimately, a roadmap was constructed for educators, designers, and policymakers to create accessible and culturally aware digital learning spaces to support the academic and social development of all learners, regardless of their background. The results of this study underscore the importance of inclusivity in digital education, contributing to a more equitable and connected global learning landscape.

Jhon Alvaro Cuastuza, Carlos Andrés Rosero-Zambrano

We develop a modular, wireless, solar- and battery-powered system for detecting chlorpyrifos (Lorsban^TM 2.5% DP) in water using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The system integrates a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W for data processing, Python-based software (version 3.12.2), and a solar charge manager to power all components via a lithium-ion battery and solar panel. A commercial EmStat Pico Module and an amperometric biosensor with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) detect chlorpyrifos. Nine water samples with varying concentrations were tested using a 20 Hz–200 kHz frequency sweep and 15 mV excitation. Bode plots and statistical analyses confirmed statistically significant impedance variation as a function of chlorpyrifos concentration, validating the system as a portable, sensitive, and effective tool for environmental monitoring.

Achraf Berrajaa, Issam Berrajaa, Naoufal Rouky

Within the rapidly advancing disciplines of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI), this paper introduces an innovative approach aimed at improving access to health-related information. Fueled by the growing reliance on digital platforms for health inquiries, our research unveils an intelligent chatbot designed to categorize health-related queries and deliver personalized advice. By leveraging a diverse dataset and employing advanced NLP techniques, our models, which include Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Bagging Classifier, among others, assist in building a flexible conversational agent. The evaluation metrics demonstrate that the Bagging Classifier delivers outstanding results, reaching an accuracy of 99%. The study concludes with a comparative analysis, positioning the Bagging Classifier as a benchmark for accuracy and performance in the classification of health-related queries.

Wen-Chi Hu, Radovan Škultéty

We explored how participants learning English as a foreign language (EFL) perceive the use of ChatGPT for English communication in combination with voice control for GPT, a Google Chrome extension, both of which are AI chatbot functionalities. A revised version of the ChatGPT Engagement and Perception Questionnaire (CEPQ) was distributed to 70 participants. The results indicated a generally positive response: participants recognized ChatGPT’s beneficial effect on their confidence in English communication, their indirect interaction experiences with people from different cultural backgrounds, and their familiarity with the system. Overall, 66% of the participants had prior experience with ChatGPT, 65% noted an increase in curiosity, and 77% reported improved confidence in communicating in English. However, 33% experienced frustration due to ChatGPT’s occasional misunderstandings, pointing to the need for enhanced natural language processing capabilities. While 31% expected easy communication with an AI chatbot, the same proportion struggled with pronunciation comprehension. The installation of the voice control extension was straightforward for 57% of participants. A notable challenge was time management, with 47% finding the time allotted for practice tasks insufficient, underscoring the importance of addressing this to improve student engagement and learning outcomes. These results provide a reference on user experiences with AI chatbots in the context of English language learning.

Richard G. Mayopu, Long-Sheng Chen, Venkateswarlu Nalluri

Previous crisis communication research has been based on qualitative methods such as interviews or questionnaires, which require considerable manpower, material resources, and time to focus on specific topics. The current situation needs to be reflected timelier. With the rise of social communities, community users’ comments have gradually become an important reference for other community members. Twitter is one of the most popular social media in the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were restricted by rules and government policies, such as wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and avoiding crowding. This led people to spend time on devices. By using devices, most people are involved in social media activities. This study aims to discover the awareness Indonesians display in the text they upload to Twitter. Using the Twitter crawling technique, we collected data. We also analyzed the text with text mining techniques and latent semantic analysis (LSA) with semiotic methods. The crisis communication was classified, and the definition of crisis terminology was improved in social media.

Pritika Adhikari, Bijoyeta Roy, Om Sinkar et al.

Registration involves aligning two or more images by transforming one image into the coordinate system of another. Registration of histopathological slide images is a critical step in many image analysis applications including disease detection, classification, and prognosis. It is very useful in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) and allows automatic analysis of tissue images, enabling more accurate detection and prognosis than manual analysis. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of histopathological images, registration is challenging and requires the careful consideration of various factors, such as tissue deformation, staining variation, and image noise. There are different types of registration and this work focuses on feature-based image registration specifically. A qualitative analysis of different feature detection and description methods combined with different outlier rejection methods is conducted. The four feature detection and description methods experimentally analyzed are Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Key points (BRISK), KAZE, and Accelerated KAZE, and the three outlier rejection methods examined are Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), Graph cut RANSAC (GC-RANSAC), and Marginalizing Sample Consensus (MAGSAC++). The results are visually and quantitively analyzed to select the method that gives the most accurate and robust registration of the histopathological dataset at hand. Several evaluation metrics, the number of key points detected, and a number of inliers are used as parameters for evaluating the performance of different feature detection–description methods and outlier rejection algorithm pairs. Among all the combinations of methods analyzed, BRISK paired with MAGSAC++ generates the most optimal registration results.

Imre Jánoki, Ádám Nagy, Péter Földesy et al.

The objective evaluation of an infant’s activity and sleep pattern is critical in improving the comfort of the babies and ensuring the proper amount of quality sleep. The predefined behavioral states of an infant describe their consciousness and arousal level. The different states are characterized by different movements, body tone, eye movements and breath patterns. To recognize and adapt to these states is an essential part of development-friendly caring. It affects the neonate’s sleep, influencing their brain development, while improving the bonding between mother and baby, and feeding is more successful during the state of quiet awakened. It can be a more difficult task to determine the level of arousal in premature neonates. In preterm clinics, the general practice is continuous observation, requiring the attention of the hospital staff. To create an automated, more objective system, helping the hospital staff and the parents, we developed a multi-RNN (multi-recurrent neural network) network-based solution to solve this classification problem, which works on a time-series-like feature set, extracted from cameras’ video feeds. The set is composed of video actigraphy features, video-based respiration signal and additional descriptors. We separate infant caring from undisturbed presence based on our previous ensemble network solution. The network was trained and evaluated using our database of 402 h of footage, collected at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Dept. of Neonatology of Pediatrics, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, with all-day recordings of 10 babies.

Xiang Chen, Xiaohu Wang, Tao Ma et al.

A cold mix overlay is a typical preventive maintenance treatment that is applied to an existing pavement surface. However, the service life of cold mix overlay is limited because of its poor skid resistance and high tendency to crack, especially in cold regions. This study presents a new technology of high-performance cold mix overlay materials that slows skid resistance reduction, increases the resistance to thermal cracking, and shows long-lasting anti−icing performance. The sustainable performance of paving cold mix overlays can be assured by adding high-performance anti−icing agents, fiber, and emulsified asphalt to the cold mix. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance and anti−icing effect of the cold mix. The results showed that the freezing temperature of the cold mix dropped to more than −10 °C. The open-to-traffic time can be shortened to 3.5 h after construction. The anti-wearing ability and cracking resistance were evidently increased in comparison with traditional micro-surfacing techniques by conducting indoor wet-wheel wearing tests and low-temperature bending beam tests. Based on the study, the new-tech cold mix overlay has shown promising applications in North America.

He Peng Fei, Veerakumar Arumugam, Aleksander Góra et al.

Functional fabrics with effects of influencing the metabolism and energy supplying are of great interest and may extensively be applied in wellness and sport apparel. In this work, three different combinations of additives such as silicon oxide doped with 10% of iron oxide III, 10% of graphene and 10% calcium hydroxyapatite were prepared, each combination was compounded separately with polyester, and pellets were extruded with additive weight around 4%. Melt spun multifilament yarns (130D/48f) were produced from the prepared pellets. Further, three knitted fabrics from a yarn with additives and one control fabric from the yarn without additives were developed for comparison and analysis. Infrared emissivity test result showed that fabrics with functional additives have significantly higher effective emissivity (0.997 to 1.006) than the reference fabric (0.909) for wavelength 5-14 µm. Moreover, spectral emissivity of fabrics with additives are relatively high at peak human IR emission wavelength (8-14 µm). As a key signal molecule that is involved in certain physiological pathways, nitric oxide (NO) generation was assessed by co-culturing with human skeletal muscle cells (HMSCs). It is observed that selected additives in the fabric lead to 15%-40% increase of nitrite levels in muscle cells after 24 and 72 hours of exposure and the best among them were graphene containing additives. Besides, it is also discovered that additives in the fabric increase mitochondrial biogenesis, which is proved by the increase of mitochondrial copy number by a factor of 1.25. The mitochondrial biogenesis may be a possible pathway activated by nitric oxide and potentially accelerate the energy expenditure. The observations in the cell study indicated the potential biological effects of the fabric with selected functional additives.

Radu Ionut Tigoianu, Anton Airinei, Florentina Georgescu et al.

Naphthalimide derivatives possess many interesting properties such as strong emission, high quantum efficiency, good photostability, thermal stability, etc. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of naphthalimides are sensitive to the polarity of surrounding environment, and these derivatives can be excellent candidates for fluorescent sensors for water detection in solution because the emission is strongly depended on the solvent polarity and it is quenched even at low water levels. In order to find out more information about the excited state dynamics of the naphthalimide derivatives, time-resolved fluorescence experiments were conducted in solvents of different polarities, and lifetimes from 0.5 ns to 9 ns were obtained. The transient absorption map in dioxane, dimethylformamide and methanol in the presence or absence of water revealed ground state bleaching bands (GSB) in the range of 230–290 nm, whereas an absorption band in excited state (ESA) occurred at shorter wavelengths from 210 to 295 nm. At longer wavelength, negative bands appeared, which can be assigned to the stimulated emissions (SE). In addition, the quantum yields with absolute values from 0.01 to 0.87 were found depending on the solvent nature.

Masami MATSUBARA, Daiki TAJIRI, Shinsuke TAKEHARA et al.

The experimental modal analysis is widely used to identify the modal parameters: natural frequency, damping characteristics and mode shape, in the structural dynamic analysis. The existing method, however, is not adequate when the damping characteristics is too low. When the resonance frequency is not close to the measured frequencies, it is difficult to identify low damping characteristics due to lack of FRF data around resonance frequency. Thus, the linear fit method which is applicable to systems with very low damping characteristics is proposed in our previous study. In the proposed method, a set of linear functions with respect to the real and imaginary parts of original Frequency Response Function (FRF) is derived by canceling the residue of FRF. Then, the modal parameters are identified by fitting the experimental data to the obtained linear functions using the least-square method. However, there is a technical issue left in the method: the identified parameters are sensitive to the data range applied due to inhomogeneous error distribution. Here, the weighted least-square method is introduced to improve the identification accuracy. That is, smaller weight is assigned to the data with low accuracy, while larger weight is assigned to the data with high accuracy. A series of experiment was conducted to investigate influence of the data range and the difference of the governing equations derived from FRF. The result validates the modified method coupling with the weighted least-square method.

Alaeddine ZOUARI

Reverse logistics refers to the goods flow from customer to producer. Returns may be from the development phase, the use phase or from products recovery in end of life. Due to scarcity of natural resources and raw materials, as well their increased processing costs, companies are committed to track sustainable development principles in their activities to ensure competitiveness and profitability. This can be materialized through eco-design practice and committed resources optimization. In this framework, this paper tries to model the relationship between product’s eco-design, resources commitment and reverse logistics. Hence, through sections, binary relationship of eco-design, resources commitment and reverse logistics will be discussed and conceptually modeled. Finally, a case study related to canned tomato packaging will be proposed.

Masatoshi KURODA, Masayuki KAMAYA, Teruaki YAMADA et al.

In order to assess the fatigue damage of austenitic stainless steels by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method more simply and easily, it should be more preferable to use a commercially available general-purpose EBSD analysis software rather than to employ an in-house developed EBSD analysis programme. In the present study, EBSD measurement was performed for Type 316 austenitic stainless steels subjected to cyclic loading, and the applicability of the EBSD parameter relevant to the pattern quality, which could be obtained by the commercial software, to the fatigue damage assessment was discussed by comparing the other EBSD parameter of the averaged local misorientation (Mave), which could be calculated by the in-house developed programme. As a result, the EBSD parameter relevant to the pattern quality, which signified the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the histogram distribution of the image quality (IQ), was saturated at the beginning stage of the fatigue cycles, while Mave was increased monotonically with the cycles. This suggested that the FWHM of IQ could be useful to detect the initial stage of the fatigue damage, while Mave was suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the fatigue damage. XRD measurement was also carried out for the same samples employed in the EBSD measurement, and the XRD data was compared with the EBSD data to discuss the crystallographic mechanism of the change in the FWHM of IQ. As a result, it was found that the FWHM of the (111) XRD peak correlated well with the FWHM of IQ. Because the (111) plane in fcc metal such as austenitic stainless steel was most preferable for slip system, this implied that the change in the distribution of the pattern quality generated by the fatigue loading could be due to the slip deformation.

B. Orellana, Jairo Raúl

Yonghong CHEN, Yan CHEN, Wenjun LUO et al.

To satisfy the requirements of high accuracy and high-loading capacity, a novel precision-power hourglass worm drive characterizes with backlash-adjustable and wear-compensable is demonstrated. This hourglass worm drive is consisted of an involute helical beveloid (IHB) gear and a toroidal involute (TI) worm generated by the IHB gear tooth surface, and the material of IHB gear is bearing steel, as well as the material of TI worm is structural steel. For this hourglass worm drive, mathematical model is developed, basic equations are derived, and tooth contact analysis (TCA) is simulated by computerized calculation examples. Theory of backlash-adjustable and wear-compensable of this hourglass worm drive is derived. The high-loading capacity of this novel hourglass worm drive is confirmed by the TCA and stress analysis. This study is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for the future industrial application of this novel backlash-adjustable and wear-compensable hourglass worm drive.

Keiichi WATANUKI, Kazunori KAEDE, Sennma SAKAIDA et al.

In this study, we developed an intuitive remote-controlled manipulator system that was operated using a touch panel display and a mouse. We examined its application possibility to pick out the shoot apical meristem from sprouting potatoes. The shoot apical meristem is not easily affected by plant viruses. Therefore, we can obtain a virus-free seedling that has a high production efficiency by culturing this part. This technique is called “mericlone” and is known widely in agriculture; however, it is tedious because of the precision work involved with a microscope. Thus, our system not only reduces the burden on the technician but also has high precision control and saves space. In this study, using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, we confirmed that we could get the potato meristems that do not contain Potato Virus X. The newly designed primer set can achieve results more rapidly, more easily, and with higher sensitivity than other virus detection methods, thus indicating the possibility of industrial implementation.

Y. Cheng, Tongyue Gao, Shihao Zhu

Many situation demand a high precision, low cost and robust navigation for Land-Vehicles. Real Time Kinematic (RTK) satellite navigation is a technique that can provide up to centimeter level accuracy. But in the condition of poor visibility of satellites, the function of RTK is limited. To achieve a reliable high-precision navigation solution, this paper presents a RTK/SINS integration system based on the complementary features of RTK and SINS. The RTK is designed based on an open source program package RTKLIB. We use an innovation-based adaptive Kalman Filter with forget factor that filtering parameters can be adjusted by the change of GPS’ measurement noise in our project. Finally, the reliable and high accuracy of the low cost system is verified through several experiments. Introduction RTK is a precise satellites navigation, which uses measurements of the phase of the signal's carrier wave, rather than the information content of the signal, can providing up to cm-level position accuracy with the help of real time corrections that provided by a single reference station or continuously operating reference stations (CORSs). It has been used in many fields such as engineering measurement and position, mobile robot, mining, agriculture, and transportation. In the open area with enough visible satellites, the performance of RTK is trustworthy. However, the accuracy of RTK may lower and even lost when in the circumstances like urban canyon, under the elevated and in the tunnel. In order to obtain a reliable result of navigation, we use IMU (inertial measurement unit) integrated with RTK/GNSS to improve the performance. We use RTKLIB as a tool to process raw data from GPS receiver in order to acquire RTK solutions. RTKLIB is an open source program package for standard and precise positioning with GNSS developed by T. Takasu from Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, and distributed under the BSD 2-clause license. It is a compact and portable program library written in C to provide a standard platform for RTK-GPS applications. The library implements fundamental navigation functions and carrier-based relative positioning algorithms for RTK-GPS. It supports standard and precise positioning algorithms with GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, BeiDou and SBAS, and also provides many library functions and APIs for GNSS data processing [1, 2]. Due to the price of Dual frequency RTK GPS receivers is too expensive, we choose the single frequency antennas and receivers in our project. While for get a high precision and robust navigation system for land-vehicles, an algorithm that integrating RTK and SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) effectively based on their respective characteristics is needed. KF (Kalman Filter) is often used to fusion the data of GPS and SINS and realize the integrated navigation system. But, the filtering accuracy will be decline even diverge if the system’s measurement noise is unstable [3]. To solve the problem, we use an innovation-based adaptive Kalman Filter with forget factor that measurement noise covariance matrix and process noise covariance matrix of the system can be updated real-time in this paper. On the basis of previous studies, we designed a MEMS sensors-based RTK/SINS integrated navigation system for land-vehicles. In the second part, the model of the 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2016) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Computer Science Research, volume 71

T. Sotomayor, Mercedes Alexandra