This paper examines some institutions of French public law and their transformations induced by European integration. It shows how institutions rooted in a specific political culture that long aimed at ensuring political liberty through the active role of la loi have been challenged by other institutions designed in the first place to protect civil liberties. It argues that the loi-based republican institutions of public law, that were inherited from the French Revolution and 18th century political thinkers, such as Montesquieu and above all Rousseau, have been significantly reshaped. That did not happen through politics, nor through another ‘French-style’ revolution. Ironically enough, it happened more modestly through law, within the meaning of le droit (and courts) as opposed to la loi (and the legislator), that is through those very means of political change that Republican France had consistently rejected ever since the Revolution. The French example showcases how paradigmatic political changes, from messianic republicanism to global constitutionalism, may thus occur, without a revolution, through the smooth medium of (European) law.
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in college physical education has gradually shifted from marginal exploration to system integration. Based on literature review, case study and empirical data analysis, this paper systematically explores the multi-dimensional application of AI technology in college physical education, including sports performance analysis, personalized training, teaching management optimization and intelligent evaluation. The results show that AI can effectively improve teaching efficiency, scientific training and objectivity of evaluation, while promoting the precision and fairness of physical education. Through surveys and data comparisons of multiple colleges and universities, this paper verifies the significant effectiveness of AI in improving students' sports performance, reducing sports injury rates, and improving classroom organization efficiency. At the same time, the article also points out the challenges of current applications, such as infrastructure shortage, insufficient digital literacy of teachers, low algorithm transparency and data ethics concerns. Based on this, this paper proposes a path to promote the deep integration of AI into physical education from four dimensions: system construction, teacher empowerment, technology development and data governance. The study believes that AI will play the role of "intelligent engine" in future college physical education, promoting the transformation of the education paradigm from experience-driven to data-driven.
Digitization and innovation supported by various innovation systems have become key factors in the sustainable development of companies, countries (including UE countries), and the economy as a whole. The primary objective of this study is to explore the interconnections between the perspectives of the Quintuple Helix model and digitalization as a comprehensive innovation system supporting digitalization in EU countries. The study is grounded in the innovation systems theory, specifically employing the Quintuple Helix Model as a comprehensive framework, and addresses the challenge of digital divide across the EU. The research was conducted using K-means cluster analysis to identify homogeneous groups of countries within the EU. Subsequently, correlation analysis was applied to identify statistically significant relationships between the individual variables examined within the Quintuple Helix model and digitization within EU countries. Based on the results, we identified four distinct clusters of EU countries characterized by different degrees of digitization, governance, and intellectual Capital. It was found that countries with the highest level of digitization are also characterized by the highest levels of governance and intellectual Capital. Correlation analysis confirmed a strong interconnection between the examined perspectives of the Quintuple Helix model and their relationship with digitization.
This research examines the istijrar contract as a potential solution to the operational and Shariah compliance challenges commonly encountered in murabahah-based financing, particularly in scenarios involving continuous and repeated purchases. Such flexible purchasing arrangements often generate complexities and elevate compliance risks. To address these issues, the study adopts a structured literature review methodology, implemented in three stages. First, it reviews scholarly debates concerning the Shariah compliance of the istijrar contract. Second, it assesses existing global practices. Third, it analyzes Turkish practices and legal regulations, critically examining the discussions and models at each stage to identify the most suitable adaptation for implementation in Türkiye. Key findings highlight the absence of standardized frameworks in both global and Turkish contexts, along with the limited practical application of istijrar in Türkiye’s Islamic banking sector. In response, this research synthesizes these insights to develop a structured and independent istijrar model specifically tailored to the Turkish Islamic banking environment. It is anticipated that this model will enable Islamic banks to more effectively finance customers engaged in production and trade activities, thereby supporting the growth of the real economy.
Agnieszka Jasinska, Ketil Stoknes, Przemyslaw Niedzielski
et al.
Produced in the process of anaerobic digestion, the effluent called digestate is rich in nutrients and can be used as a growing media for mushrooms. However, it can also be rich in non-essential and trace elements, heavy metals, various organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and other unwanted compounds with potential negative effects. Therefore, two button mushroom species, Agaricus bisporus (brown cultivar) and Agaricus subrufescens, were cultivated on digestate based substrate. The mineral composition of the experimental mushroom compost (EMC), mushrooms (M), spent mushroom compost (SMC) and spent casing (SC) was evaluated by means of ICP OES. Mineral distribution and quantity were substrate dependent, digestate origin was determined for most of investigated elements, excluding Ca, Mo, Pb, Ce and Nd, where the source was straw. However, content of elements with high mobility such as Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for EMC was low. Short composting method for mushroom compost preparation used in this study could be suitable method for reducing available Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn and total As. For the casing material, bark was richer in major essential elements (MEE's) and essential trace elements (ETE's), besides Ca, where peat indicated higher content (1490 mg kg-1). From the trace elements with detrimental health effects (TEWDHE) group, bark was richer in Ba and Pb, but peat contained significant content of As (3.92 mg kg-1). The results clearly indicated both the studied mushrooms are valuable source of K, Na and Se, while A. subrufescens provided higher amounts of Cu and Zn. No threat for human consumption for Ni, Pb, As, and Cd, their content is under the limits and decreases with each subsequent mushroom yield. SMC and SC were nutrient rich especially for Fe, Mg, Mn, Si and Zn, giving them added value as biobased product for boosting vegetable crop yield. However, Cr and Ni, ETS's for plants in lower amounts, were elevated in SMC/SC, therefore the mineral composition should be monitored. Low concentration of hazardous elements in the spent substrates allows for subsequent use.
Agriculture (General), Nutrition. Foods and food supply
User-generated content on self-media platforms significantly influences the market. In the era of Web 2.0, consumers make purchasing decisions based on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) from these platforms. This research illustrates how sentiment value of eWOM content guides consumers’ behavior by empirical study based on the causality approach. The research calculates the sentiment value of 160,000 textual film reviews using sentiment analysis program which is based on the sentiment corpus and addressing sarcasm. It also measures the complexity of information by calculating entropy to capture the information cascade process of eWOM converging into a reputation signal. The findings demonstrate the causal relationship between positive eWOM content and consumers’ decision-making processes, as well as the extent to which consumers rely on eWOM textual information when making consumption decisions. When the eWOM information conveys a clear reputation signal, it will have a lasting impact on future box office revenue. This article is the initial empirical literature that quantifies the commercial value of online text sentiment information through a causal and dynamic perspective. It is also the first literature to empirically illustrate the formation process of sentiment information cascade during the diffusion of eWOM among the netizens and capture the required time lag for the formation of online consumer reputation signal.
Nowadays, the society faces with financial and economic risks which play a special role in the diversity of risks. In the most general form, they affect the amount of available financial resources that can meet the current needs of the population and spread new living standards. The purpose of the study is to analyze the affection of financial and economic risks on social growth and to develop recommendations for creating a mechanism for managing them in the Russian health care system. For this goal achievement, the author has identified several tasks clarifying the approach to determining financial and economic risks in this paradigm, as well as identifying measures to change financing Russian health care. The methodological base: systemic; comparative analysis; synthesis; socio-economic and statistical methods of data analysis. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in an integrated system growth for managing financial and economic risks, which unites different economic entities, as well as in determining measures to change the financing mechanisms of the Russian health care system. The specialists can use the results obtained in subsequent work on the problems of risk management at the level of corporate organizations, state agencies, and society.
Sunita Aggarwal, Vandana Sabharwal, Pragya Kaushik
et al.
The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
Стаття присвячена феномену харизматичного лідерства. Представлено різні дефініції досліджуваного поняття. Констатується факт існування термінологічної мозаїчності та відсутності універсального наукового підходу щодо дослідження міждисциплінарного феномену «харизматичне лідерство». Подано сукупність домінант, які в комплексі утворюють універсальне «ядро» харизматичного лідера: успішність, що може бути як причиною, так і наслідком реалізації особистісного потенціалу; володіння владою, що дає можливість впливати на оточення; наявність оригінального менталітету, що розкривається через антистереотипність, неповторність та унікальність, новаторський життєвий стиль. Виокремлено теорію трансформаційного лідерства, що грунтується на біхевіористичному підході та вирізняється методологічною розробленістю. Акцентовано увагу на поліаспектності феномену харизматичного лідерства, що не розділяється на автономні елементи. Оскільки харизматичні якості лідера проявляються, насамперед, на емоційному рівні, доводиться факт належності цього феномену переважно не до раціональної сфери із парадигмою «homo economicus», а до сучасного наукового мейнстриму: поведінкової економіки. Зосереджено увагу також на негативних аспектах харизматичного лідерства: маніпулювання, псевдохаризматичність, висока ймовірність узурації влади. В публікації здійснена спроба вирішення ключової проблеми: харизматичні ознаки лідера притаманні йому виключно від народження, чи є можливість набути їх в процесі особистого розвитку? Наведено авторський підхід: наявність природних харизматичних задатків в лідера є обов'язковою, але недостатньою умовою; повноцінна самореалізація харизматичної особи підлягає еволюційному коригуванню шляхом синтезу вроджених та набутих лідерських якостей. Тобто харизматичність ідентифікується і як природня якість, і як набута.
Today, with rapid and sustained changes in business markets, a growing number of companies have turned diversification into new product segments or global markets by shifting their business to increase the importance of long-term financial viability and sustainability. Moreover, increasing the variety of products, covering the uncertain demand of customers, managing inventories and timely action have been important issues in manufacturing companies. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of diversification strategy on inventory performance, which is one of the topics of operations management by considering the classification of the diversity into related, unrelated and international. The statistical population studied includes all companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2018. Sampling has been done by screening method, and the number of companies in the final sample has reached 120 companies. The hypotheses have been tested by the estimated generalized least squares method. The results show that related and international diversification have positive and significant effects on inventory performance. The findings also indicate that unrelated diversification has an adverse effect on inventory performance, but this relationship is not statistically significant. Based on the acquired results, an increase in related and international variety of products, relying on higher safety stock, has led to an increase in sales. In addition, the insignificancy in the effect of unrelated diversification on inventory performance can be attributed to production costs and marketing programs of manufactured products.
Н. М. Купріна, Т. М. Ступницька, О. П. Антонюк
et al.
Ефективне функціонування будь-якого підприємства в сучасних умовах не можливе без ефек-
тивного управління його капіталом, який вкладено в його оборотні активи. Оборотний капітал повинен
мати достатню швидкість обороту та потребує постійному моніторингу та аналізу, що сприяє ефектив-
ному його використанню та управлінню, та потребує проведення якісного його фінансового аналізу.
В статті проведено дослідження теоретичних та практичних аспектів фінансового аналізу обо-
ротних активів в сучасних умовах функціонування підприємств. Показано, що детальний аналіз важ-
ливих елементів оборотних активів дозволить проводити постійний моніторинг за їх станом, структу-
рою та динамікою, що буде спряти ефективному управлінню ними та перешкоджати відволікання обо-
ротного капіталу з обороту підприємства та процесу нормального фінансування його діяльності. Тому
важливими етапами аналізу оборотних активів, на нашу думку, є й розрахунок в динаміці фінансового
циклу підприємства й фінансовий аналіз відносних показників, які характеризують фінансову стійкість
підприємства та ліквідність його балансу, що має особливе значення для ефективного
функціонування підприємства, залучення інвестицій та розвитку діяльності, та для розрахунку яких
використовують або показники оборотних активів та власних оборотних коштів (активів).
The studies devoted to the analysis of the diversification of production activities of the largest public oil companies and its impact on their cost do not consider production or financial factors, which are important indicators for assessing the development prospects of companies.In this article, an econometric analysis will be carried out to identify the external and internal factors affecting the capitalization of the largest vertically integrated oil companies, and for the first time, profitability ratios for each of them will be used to test the hypothesis about the positive impact of diversification of activities on the upstream and downstream segments.As a result of the study, it was found that an increase in profitability in the upstream segment leads to an increase in the value of oil companies shares, while profitability in the downstream segment turned out to be an insignificant factor that negatively affects the dependent variable.The obtained results indicate that investors are more oriented to the financial indicator related to the production sector, ignoring the refining segment, which may lead to underestimation of oil companies and subsequent adjustments of stock prices.The final conclusions can be used by investment companies and other stock market participants as part of investment decision making process regarding the acquisition/sale of shares of large vertically integrated oil companies.As part of the development of a study on the valuation of oil companies, it could be analyzed the influence of the factors considered in the work on firms that conduct production activities separately in upstream and downstream segments.
Vandbergue Santos Pereira, Johnatan Wellisson da Silva Mendes, Lorena Alves Oliveira
et al.
Abstract Coconut water is considered to be a natural isotonic drink and its marketing is gradually increasing. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the coconut water produced and bottled in the Northeast of Brazil. Products form ten industries from different states in the Northeast of Brazil were analyzed. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to quantify the coliforms. Samples showing positive for coliforms were seeded on ChromAgar Orient plates and the bacteria identified from isolated colonies using the automated system Vitek 2 (BioMérieux), according to the manufacturer's instructions for the preparation of the inoculum, incubation, reading and interpretation. The samples showed thermotolerant coliform counts between 6.0×102 and 2.6×104 MPN/100 mL. The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii and Providencia alcalifaciens was observed. The implementation of preventive methods and monitoring of the water quality by the industries is required.
Purpose – Most literature regarding sustainable behavior is based on the assumption that the reduction of consumption is inherently positive (mainly in the form of positive environmental consequences) and based on ethical considerations. However, the issue of the social consequences of this reduction and self-interested intentions in consumption is not generally open to debate. This paper aims to identify dimensions of sustainable and responsible consumer behavior, distinguish between the two concepts, and present consumer obstacles to acting responsibly in all aspects that a sustainability agenda would suggest.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The paper includes a literature review, proposes a framework of responsible and sustainable consumption (RSCB), and offers a set of propositions to achieve responsible and sustainable consumption. Insights from personal interviews with consumers are added for the sake of additional understanding of the concepts presented.
Findings and implications – Through the RSCB framework, we show the potential trade-off decisions consumers have to make in order to implement sustainability and responsibility issues in everyday consumer decision processes. Struggles between doing what is good for them and what is good for the environment and society could be a reason why consumers have difficulties achieving responsible and sustainable consumption.
Limitations – Qualitative study based on a small sample of personal interviews does not allow for generalizations.
Originality – A research gap in understanding the dimensions of sustainable and responsible consumer actions in terms of their emphasis (environmental and social) and intentions (self-interest and other-interest) is addressed. By understanding those two dimensions of behavior, managers and consumers can resolve consumer sustainability and responsibility dilemmas that arise from a one-dimensional view in order to move sustainability research and practice forward.
`Background: In today’s business environment, a company is able to maintain its competitive position if it constantly generates knowledge and disseminates this knowledge within the organization, as well as transforms it into new competences. The ability to transfer knowledge becomes one of the key factors in the improvement of a company’s competitive position. This hypothesis is applicable particularly in the case of cooperation within networks, as they are an excellent opportunity for mutual learning between partners. Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to analyse the process of knowledge transfer in intra-organizational networks. Method: Due to the specificity of the research object, the case study method has been chosen. In order to make an in-depth analysis of the case study, we selected a group of several criteria based on the theory which we believe to be fundamental to the effectiveness of knowledge management in networks, and compared them with the situation in the ArcelorMittal Group. Results: Our research show that ArcelorMittal Group has met almost all the criteria of effective knowledge management in its intra-organizational network. Some exceptions, albeit merely to an extent, are mostly the result of historical circumstances, , i.e. the process of growth through acquisitions, and the acquisition of companies at different stages of organizational development, as well as organizational culture. Conclusion: Based on theoretical assumptions, the study analysed in details the components of knowledge management applied by the corporation in question. Therefore this study might be utilised to formulate a refutable hypothesis and verify them on a larger group of companies from different sectors of the economy. The main limitations of the paper are mostly related to the inherent approach therein
The paper discusses the political and administrative limitations of implementing fiscal policy as a means of achieving economic stability. Present day attitudes towards fiscal intervention are characterised by a general feeling of agnosticism. Not only has confidence waned in the ability of fiscal measures to secure macroeconomic goals, it has been argued that where fiscal changes exert noticeable and significant impacts they may do so in a distinctly perverse and de-stabilising manner. The question now facing policy administrators is whether fiscal policy may usefully be included in the armoury of countercyclical weapons wielded in defence of short-term stabilisation goals. This changed status of fiscal policy has stemmed partly from developments in theoretical economics generally on the one hand, and also from a changed view of the government objective function upon the other.
JEL: E62, E63