Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

Corine Driessens, Peter W.F. Smith, Kim Markham-Jones et al.

Objective This project aimed to uncover key factors that shape young people’s (YP) mental health care utilization. The Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization was adapted in co-production, providing a framework for the predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and perceived/evaluated need factors hypothesized to influence young people’s mental health care utilization. Methods The project is a secondary data analysis project with strong emphasis on YP involvement. YoungMinds and young researchers facilitated the co-production of an analysis plan with YP who had lived experience. This analysis plan was used to analyse existing data (Longitudinal Study of YP in England, also known as NEXT STEPS). Cohort data was linked to administrative health care data (Hospital Episode Statistics) to obtain objective measures of mental health care utilization. As this cohort is subjective to mental health related attrition, logistic regression models in combination with missing-not-at-random methodology was used to determine factors impacting mental health service utilization. Results The insights and experiences shared by YP in three workshops were captured in the YP’s model of secondary health care utilization for common mental health problems. NEXT STEPS-HES linked data showed that approximately 10% of the participants reporting common mental health problems between age 14 to 25 accessed secondary mental health services. The main predictor of utilization of secondary mental health services between age 17 to 25 is having a common mental health diagnosis before age 17. Interaction with social services and educational welfare at age 16 also facilitates utilization of mental health care services. Findings align with existing literature showing that women are more likely to utilize secondary mental health care services compared to men. Conclusion Despite growing recognition of mental health challenges among young people (YP), the findings indicate that only one in ten YP reporting common mental health problems utilized services. Secondary mental health care use was not only influenced by perceived mental wellbeing but also by societal perceptions and expectations.

L. A. Urusmambetova

Introduction. The article examines modern models of teaching regional history in the school education system.The goal is to identify possible models for the implementation of regional history in the general education system.Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of scientific literature to highlight modern models of teaching regional history at school. When writing the article, the modeling method was used to build models for the implementation of regional history in general education, and the deductive method was used to build options for the implementation of regional history within the framework of updated regulatory documentation. As part of the study, a comparative method was used to draw up the structure of a comprehensive and integrative approach to the implementation of regional history in school using the example of the educational course “History of Kabardino-Balkaria”.Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the absence of unified approaches to teaching regional history was discovered, for example, in the issue of regulating the time and volume that are necessary for studying regional material. This negatively affects the perception of general historical material, which necessitates the need for additional comprehensive measures in the regions to regulate the teaching of regional historical material and improve its status in the school education system. The scientific novelty of the research is the construction of a comprehensive model for the implementation of regional history in school and the development of a structure for integrating regional material on the history of Kabardino-Balkaria into the Federal work program for the academic subject “History”.Conclusion. The conducted research allows us to draw conclusions that the Federal educational programs have ample opportunities for the implementation of regional history. The constructed complex model assumes the use of single-subject and complex options for its implementation. The choice of approaches depends on the federal curriculum, which is taken as the basis for organizing the educational process at school.

Erić-Nielsen Jelena, Nikolić Jelena, Dukanac Milica

The innovativeness of the employees is a prerequisite for the development of new products, as well as maintaining and improving the market competitive position. The innovativeness of employees depends on numerous factors, some of which are internal, operating under control and jurisdiction of management. The research topic in this paper are internal organizational factors: technological equipment, availability of financial resources, culture and compensation system, as well as formal aspects of innovation. The main research goal is to show that these factors have a significant and uneven influence on the innovativeness of employees in organizations. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 81 respondents employed in companies in the Republic of Serbia. The research results indicate that culture and the compensation system have the highest degree of influence on the innovativeness of employees, in relation to the four observed variables, but other interesting relationships were discovered, as well. They are described and explained through discussion, aiming to connect theoretical concepts and practical results. At the end of the paper, adequate conclusions were drawn and guidelines for future research provided.

Olga Pakova, Anton Khasanov

The article considers topical issues of the functioning of the European market in a globalizing economy. The notion of «Euromarket», considers the types of transactions and loans in the Euromarket, the participants and direction of development. Identified major changes in operations on the Euromarket in the context of globalization, a share of participation of Bank of Russia and the national banks, the necessity of increase of efficiency offunctioning of the financial market in order to strengthen the international economic relations and increasing the volume of international trade in inancial instruments.

Dmytro Isaienko

Проаналізовано динаміку розвитку будівельної галузі за останні 10 років. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз системи ціноутворення в будівництві за роки незалежності України та у радянський період. Проаналізовано сутність реформи будівельної галузі, яка була проведена Міністерством у справах будівництва та архітектури. Виділено основну проблему сучасної системи ціноутворення у будівництві, яка полягає у відсутності належного і постійного державного моніторингу оптимально-мінімальних показників матеріальних ресурсів в розрізі регіонів відповідно до технічного рівня та показників, які визначаються проектною документацією. Вказано на небезпеку прийняття нормативних актів, що можуть призвести до зловживань та неефективного використання державних коштів. Рекомендовано продовжити чинність стандартів з питань ціноутворення в будівництві мінімум на два роки та повернути зазначені стандарти до сфери Міністерства розвитку громад та територій України; створити у сфері діяльності даного міністерства структуру для моніторингу вартісних показників на матеріальні та технічні ресурси; започаткувати механізм регулювання заробітної плати для працівників, які здійснюють проектування та будівництво об’єктів, що зводяться за державні кошти.

Ina Syarifah, Muhammad Kholid Mawardi, Mohammad Iqbal

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pelaku UMKM Songkok di Kabupaten Gresik, untuk menguji pengaruh modal manusia terhadap orientasi pasar, pengaruh modal manusia terhadap kinerja UMKM, dan pengaruh orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja UMKM. Penelitian ini mengolah data primer yang diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 163 pelaku UMKM. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode penyampelan probabilitas dan metode yang digunakan dalam penarikan sampel probabilitas dalam penelitian ini adalah penyampelan klaster. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal manusia berpengaruh terhadap orientasi pasar, modal manusia berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UMKM, dan orientasi pasar berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UMKM.

Waldemar Stronka

Perverse incentives are ubiquitous in different economic settings. In sports, they often take the form of temptation to deliberately lose matches (the phenomenon known as tanking or sandbagging). In practice, there were even such pathological situations as when a soccer team intentionally scored an own goal. We show how and when the temptation is generated by the current pair matching method, the one applied after the first phase of many popular tournaments, including the most prestigious soccer championships. If the organizers of important sporting contests do not introduce any organizational innovations, they risk serious match-fixing scandals. We introduce an alternative procedure and show that its practical implementation could radically mitigate the risk. We perform a comparative analysis of the methods. We analyze the format “Winners and Runners-up Advancing from Two Adjacent Groups”, particularly its FIFA World Cup variant. In order to quantify the benefits of switching from the current method to the proposed one, we refer to simulation results. The expected decrease in temptation probability is about 83% and could be even about 90% if we additionally implement the suggested scheduling innovation.

I. A. Papachkhyan, A. V. Tolmachev

The problematic trends of the main factors of agricultural raw materials production have been considered. The high volatility of volume indicators, the lack of correlation between the profitability of business and product output have been noted. It has been concluded, that the current dynamics of cost indicators is largely determined by the market conditions of products and resources, and not by the processes of the producers themselves, the general trend of growth of profitability remains at low levels. Regional structural changes of branch production by types of products, the reasons of decrease in production of animal products have been shown. There difficulties with the production of forage crops, beef, pork, sunflower, lack of own funds, high accounts payable of producers have been noted. It has been proposed to increase the role of state participation in the creation of an effective business environment.

Vina Tahara, Amin Pujiati

Semakin rendahnya karakter wirausaha yang dihasilkan dalam mata pelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan membuat jumlah siswa yang berminat melakukan kegiatan wirausaha semakin sedikit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Mengetahui kondisi minat kewirausahaan siswa SMA Negeri 3 Semarang serta mengetahui peran penugasan Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi serta uji keabsahan data adalah uji kredibilitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengambilan sample sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowball. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: Kondisi minat siswa dikategorikan dalam beberapa sikap yaitu percaya diri, melihat peluang, berorientasi masa depan, kepemimpinan, berani mengambil resiko dan kreativitas. Secara keseluruhan sikap tersebut sudah dapat dikatakan cukup baik hanya saja aspek mencari peluang kurang diaplikasikan secara optimal. Peran penugasan dalam penelitian dilihat dalam aspek kemampuan belajar mandiri siswa dan penguasaan bahan ajar yang terbagi dalam aspek kognitif, psikomotorik dan afektif siswa. The lower the entrepreneurship interest resulted in craft and entrepreneurship subject, make less the number of students who interest in doing entrepreneurship activities. The aims of this study are to know the entrepreneurships interest condition of students of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang and to know the role of craft and entrepreneurship assignment on the entrepreneurship interest of students of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. The methode of this experiment is qualitative description. The sampling of data sources was conducted by using purposive and snowball sampling. The results of this study are: (1) The condition of student interest is categorized in several attitudes, namely self-confidence, seeing opportunities, future-oriented, leadership, taking risks and creativity as a form of student entrepreneurial character and seen in how the assignment is carried out. Overall, this attitude can be said to be quite good, only the aspect of looking for opportunities is not applied optimally in the assignment of Crafts and Entrepreneurship at SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. (2) The role of assignment in research is seen in the aspect of students' independent learning abilities and mastery of teaching materials which are divided into cognitive, psychomotor and affective aspects of students.

Nena A. Vasojević, Snežana Kirin

Migracije predstavljaju značajnu pojavu koja privlači pažnju javnosti, pogotovo kada je reč o visokoobrazovnim stručnjacima koji napuštaju matičnu zemlju u potrazi za boljim i kvalitetnijim obrazovanjem. Srbija je zemlja koju već nekoliko decenija napuštaju visoko-obrazovani stručnjaci što predstavlja evidentan problem društva. Tema trajnih migracija je dominantnija u inostranoj, a i u našoj literaturi, dok studija o privremenim migracijama visokoškolovanih studenata (stipendista) gotovo da nema. U ovom radu se ukazuje na važnost školovanja stipendista u inostranstvu, kao ključne determinante održivog razvoja u savremenom svetu zasnovanog na znanju. Na uzorku od 96 stipendista povratnika sprovedeno je istraživanje sa ciljem da se identifikuju činioci koji utiču na njihovo zadovoljstvo životom u Srbiji. Glavni činioci koji kreiraju zadovolјstvo životom u Srbiji su zadovolјstvo poslom i skup faktora koji jako koreliraju sa njim. Takođe, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da na odluku stipendiste da li će doći do migracija ili će ostati u matičnoj zemlji utiče i vremenski period kada se ta odluka donosi. Stvaranjem povoljnih društvenih faktora utiče se pozitivno na ostanak naših stručnjaka u zemlji. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju doprinos u traganju za strategijom koja će privlačiti, uključivati i zadržavati obrazovane ljude u zemlji.

Fetty Maretha, Sepriansyah Sepriansyah, Ahmad Ari Gunawan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat model penerapan informasi pada UKM di Kota Palembang yang baru berdiri tiga tahun. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif berupa analisa (strengths), kelemahan (weaknesses), peluang (opportunities), dan ancaman (threats) yang disingkat SWOT. Jumlah responden sampel sebanyak 116 orang pelaku/pemilik UKM di Kota Palembang yang baru berjalan selama tiga tahun dan memiliki hasil penjualan maksimal Rp300.000.000/tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlunya komitmen pemilik UKM, karena akan menguatkan konsep  analisis kebutuhan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Zona informasi broadscope diperlukan untuk memperhatikan pesaing, kematangan perencanaan keuangan masa depan, dan untuk memperkuat keunikan usaha. Setelah hal tersebut dipenuhi maka dilakukan implementasi teknologi informasi dan digitalisasi marketing yang nantinya akan menunjang  efisiensi operasional usaha dan peningkatan strategi pemasaran. Pada posisi inilah zona peran pihak eksternal, peran penting berbagai pihak diperlukan. Hasil akhirnya adalah peningkatan pada kinerja UKM yang ditunjang oleh kuatnya orientasi kewirausahaan para pemilik usaha.

O. Kulikova

In article the concept of «cultural shock», the reasons and the main signs of emergence of this state are considered. Stages of cultural adaptation, causes and effects of social psychological state of the person, being in others country are considered. A result of article is descriptions of possible strategies of cultural adaptation.

Tiago Augusto da Cunha, Henrique Frey, Alberto Augusto Eichman Jakob

Instrumentos das análises de redes sociais podem ser, em alguma medida, apropriados nos estudos migratórios? Um dos intuitos do presente estudo, além de tentar melhor compreender a dinâmica da migração intrametropolitana da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), é também se valer de um específico meio para tanto; nesse caso, a utilização de métodos oriundos das análises de redes sociais. Nestas redes, ou ao menos na sua representação topológica, os vértices são seus municípios integrantes, por sua vez, os fluxos migratórios intrametropolitanos são representados pelos arcos que acabam por conectar estes vértices. Os principais objetivos do presente trabalho são: a) descrever algumas propriedades estruturais (essencialmente através da comparação entre suas específicas densidades) das redes ao longo do tempo; b) definir os papéis assumidos pelos municípios (através de seus graus de centralidade); e c) estabelecer se houve substanciais alterações/transformações no recorte temporal definido, bem como seus possíveis significados e impactos na rede urbana.

Nicolae MOROIANU, Daniela MOROIANU

Until few years ago, the economic growth was something perfect normal, part of an era marked by the transformation speed. Normality itself has been transformed and we currently are influenced by other rules, unknown yet, which should answer the question: “How do we return to the economic growth?” The economic growth and the models aiming to solve this problem concern the economic history even since its beginnings. In this paper we would like to find out what is the relevance that the well-known macroeconomic models still have and which might be their applicability level in a framework created by a black swan event type.