El artículo analiza los anglicismos derivados en el Diccionario del léxico juvenil en España (2023), de María Luisa Regueiro Rodríguez, desde el punto de vista morfológico, la difusión de abreviaturas inglesas en el lenguaje escrito y el fenómeno de los pseudoanglicismos en dicho repertorio lexicográfico. Actualmente se aprecia una mayor familiaridad con el inglés entre los jóvenes, lo cual se refleja en el elevado número de préstamos no adaptados que emplean. Del mismo modo, también se manifiesta en la gran cantidad de formas derivadas, donde la variedad ortográfica y la de sufijos son dos de las características principales. Unida a ellas se encuentra la creatividad que lleva a los jóvenes a formar palabras nuevas, introducir sufijos foráneos, cambiar significados originales y otros fenómenos mencionados en este trabajo.
Romanic languages, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
The intersection between translation studies and semiotics has been addressed in numerous publications and approaches to researching translation. However, at least within translation studies, this intersection has been visible mainly in cases in which non-linguistic signs come into play, whereas genuine semiotic frameworks have proven to be too broad or abstract. This has led to a conceptual and ontological paradox: on the one hand, translation scholars have been struggling to move beyond linguistics, but, on the other hand, most of them still place a strong emphasis on lingual translation. As a result, ‘translation’ is no longer a precise term broad enough to include contemporary types of this activity. This paper is a proposal made to reconceptualize translation as a dynamic process of dialogue between relevant constraints. Situated between translation semiotics and translation studies, the theoretical model described here underlines the role of constraints as well as the universal semiotic nature of translation.
The notion of communicative competence, the theoretical basis of the communicative approach, was widely discussed in the 1970-80s, but in our century it has not been any longer analysed systematically, thus turning into an intuitive notion rather than a scientific one. The author considers the increasing interest of educational linguists in the textual component of communicative competence and proposes a shift from the theoretical model of competence he designed in the 1990s to a new model, where textual elements play a central role.
The present inquiry endeavors to scrutinize the process of identity formation with regard to the Culture/Nature dichotomy within the milieu of Lois Lowry's post-apocalyptic dystopian narrative, The Giver. The antipodal forces of Culture and Nature are instrumental in shaping the social subjectivities of individuals. Lowry's post-apocalyptic dystopia portrays a society in which these antitheses are comprehensively epitomized. Our objective is to explicate the genesis of post-apocalyptic identities and to elucidate the representation of Nature/Culture within the social context of the aforementioned literary work. Furthermore, the polarity between power and resistance, which is of notable import to cultural studies, is nonexistent within this post-apocalyptic dystopia. Consequently, the establishment of identities transpires not at the site of contention between power and resistance, but exclusively through the ascendency of the imperializing power. As a corollary, the elimination of the recollections of those individuals who are unable to oppose the imperializing power is integral to the construction of homogeneous identities.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Style. Composition. Rhetoric
This paper presents a novel case study of a 3/4 agreement pattern typically found with hybrid nouns. This case study involves agreement and binding with Quantified NPs in English. I propose an analysis that relies on different classes of agreement targets agreeing at different times and couple this with a condition on the access to semantic agreement features. This new analysis can account for the novel data presented here as well as the data from the literature. This paper hence broadens both our empirical knowledge of 3/4 patterns as well as refines our theory of features and agreement that underlie such patterns.
O presente estudo investiga estruturas de tópico-comentário e sujeito-predicado no Português do Brasil (PB), sob a luz da psicolinguística experimental, a fim de trazer suporte empírico que sustente a hipótese de que o PB seria uma língua mista, orientada tanto para a sentença quanto para o discurso, diferente do inglês, que é, indiscutivelmente, uma língua com proeminência de sujeito, orientada para a sentença (cf. Li & Thompson 1976). Investigamos estruturas de tópico geradas na base (tópico estilo-chinês), pois tais estruturas são prototípicas de uma língua onde a noção de tópico é importante e ausentes em uma língua onde a noção de sujeito é a dominante (cf. Yuan 1995), além de estruturas de tópico geradas via movimentação sintática (topicalização). O experimento de julgamento de aceitabilidade demonstrou que o comportamento dos falantes de PB e de inglês foi significativamente diferente durante a tarefa proposta, o que pode indicar que as línguas não se encaixam na mesma tipologia, quanto a sua orientação. O resultado do teste com o grupo bilíngue confirmou, ainda mais, as suposições iniciais, de que PB e inglês não enxergam o tópico da mesma maneira. Tais resultados sugerem que o PB deva ser caracterizado como uma língua onde ambos, tópico e sujeito, são noções importantes (cf. Pontes 1987 entre outros).
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philology. Linguistics
In this paper, I discuss processes of language change which have led to the constitution of concessive connectives in two genetically related languages, Latin and Portuguese. I focus on the diachronic developments of the Latin licet, and of bem que and embora, from Portuguese, whose sources are etymologically different: the modal verb licere, the emphatic adverb bem and the volitive adverbial phrase em boa hora. The main purpose is to investigate whether the three phenomena could be taken as stages of an onomasiological cycle of a semantic-pragmatic nature, as proposed by Hansen (2018). Based on studies in Latin linguistics about licet and on the analysis of the grammaticalization processes for bem que and embora in an interactional diachronic sample, I shall argue that, in the three instances of evolution, there has been a stage in which licet, bem and embora have acted as assent markers, and that this usage, in combination with contextual traits, has been crucial to sustain the inferential processes which enabled the concessive interpretation. The similar source and target meanings and the continuity of inferential processes over time also suggest that this is a recurrent path of renewal of the concessive meaning which displays a cyclicity pattern.
The present study focuses on the correlation between ecosophy and visual grammar. For this purpose, this study incorporates Guattari’s ecosophy through the model of Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual grammar(2006) to trace the environmental crisis in the graphic novel ‘Vanni: A Family’s Struggle through the Sri Lankan Conflict’ (2009). The study is qualitative in nature based on multimodal discourse analysis. The findings of the study developed arguments for an ecosophical lens as a way of creating a change of vision within our ethical, social, and political spaces. Through the representational, interactive, and compositional meanings represented in Vanni's visuals, Felix Guattari's ecosophies highlight the trauma of war and its impact on people and the environment.
English literature, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
With the end of the practice of Breton within most families for a few decades, schools appear today as the main place for the transmission of this language. This leads some people to express doubts about the institutionalisation of an artificial language that is opaque to vernacular speakers, a criticism that echoes various studies in other contexts. In order to document the facts, I analysed the Breton spoken by pupils in a bilingual class in central Brittany. The aim was to ascertain the extent to which the Breton variety of this region was influenced, or even replaced, by a new standardised school variety. The initial results unsurprisingly show an influence of French. They also testify to the breakthrough of a form of Breton which is foreign to the region. But the resistance of some local peculiarities also appears, making the Breton of these new speakers a fundamentally composite phenomenon.
Is the Synchronic Description of the Word-Formation System in Polish Complete?
The paper describes sixty years of the development of studies on synchronic word formation in Poland. The period is divided into two stages: 1959–1999, and 1999–2019. The first part recalls the comprehensive, profound characterization of the forty-year period from 1959 to 1999, given by Mirosław Skarżyński in Powstanie i rozwój polskiego słowotwórstwa opisowego. The second part is devoted to the twenty years from 1999 to 2019, and presents the most important changes that occurred in this period in the description of our (sub)discipline of linguistics. It highlights M. Skarżyński’s influence on the direction and essence of those changes, as the personality who inspired and penned groundbreaking works in the field, especially as the editor and collaborator on the third volume of SGS. Not all of the findings presented in this dictionary are sufficiently known in the scientific millieu, primarily due to the dispersion of works that continue previous research. Only after a synthesis of the newest accomplishments is prepared, will it be possible to give a positive answer to the question in the title.
Artikeln, som är en del av en längre etnografisk studie om skrift- och bedömningspraktiker i idrottsämnet, undersöker skriftliga texters roll under ett undervisningsblock i dans och rytmik i en högstadieklass i Sverige. Närmare bestämt undersöks för vilka ändamål skriftbaserade texter används och vad de använda texterna handlar om, det vill säga vilket specifikt ämnesinnehåll som entextualiseras (Bauman & Briggs, 1990). Därmed fyller artikeln en empirisk lucka i forskningen om literacy i idrott och hälsa. I studien ses literacy som situerade sociala praktiker, vilket innebär att man kan tala om olika ”literacies” i olika domäner. Här undersöks literacy i förståelsen skriftbruk i idrott och hälsa med hjälp av begreppen skrifthändelse och skriftpraktik. Resultaten visar att texter används för mångfasetterade syften, så som planering och introduktion av undervisningen, utvärdering och reflektion, kunskapsredovisning och bedömning och som redskap i såväl teoretiska som praktiska undervisningsaktiviteter. Rörelse framstår som det mest frekvent men också det mest nyanserat entextualiserade ämnesinnehållet.
Education (General), Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Archetype is the eternal symbols of ancient thought, accumulated by the collective unconscious of human minds. These patterns are forming a part of the information of collective unconscious. The "wise old man" is one of the most important archetypes, the symbol of spiritual world as well as that of the father in the material world. This character directs all of persons toward emancipation and optimism in critical conditions. Maqāmāt Hamidi is a magnum opus in Persian literature, in which the champion tells amazing stories each time in a different and unknown appearance to free the narrator of hardship and poverty, fulfill his needs with a type of generosity and champion characteristic, and finally disappear. In this sense, Maqāmāt Hamid, which mostly include the stories of ruffians and mobs, is different from other similar works of literature, as it revolved around spiritual and mystic concepts. According to this research, the purpose of the "wise old man" archetype in Maqāmāt Hamidi is preaching, teaching, appearing as the "spiritual old man", the “traveling old man”, and the "wise gallant", all of which are representations of the same wise old man.
This article presents the debate of culture and civilization in context to the critical thinking and concepts of Faiz Ahmad Faiz. The article introduces culture and civilization, national culture and Pakistani culture, ingredients, possible forms and issues of Pakistani culture. The culture of every nation consists of its values, beliefs, traditions, way of life, norms, language, religion, literature, art and technology. All these aspects of culture are strongly correlated to eachother and are evolved through intermingling of<br />societies having a history of several centuries. The major characteristics of a national culture or civilization are its history, geographical boundaries and the diffusion of culture in the society. There are several issues like the identity of civilization and the formation of social system where the diffences between the rich and the poor may possibly be minimized and hence the Marxist approach of Faiz Ahmad Faiz may be observed. In this article, the views of Faiz regarding culture and civilization have been presented with critical analysis.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Abstract This article describes the interactional patterns and linguistic structures associated with otherinitiated repair, as observed in a corpus of video-recorded conversation in the Lao language (a Southwestern Tai language spoken in Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia). The article reports findings specific to the Lao language from the comparative project that is the topic of this special issue. While the scope is general to the overall pattern of other-initiated repair as a set of practices and a system of semiotic resources, special attention is given to (1) the range of repair operations that are elicited by open other-initiators of repair in Lao, especially the subtle changes made when problem turns are repeated, and (2) the use of phrase-final particles—a characteristic feature of Lao grammar—in the marking of both other-initiations of repair and repair solution turns.
The evolution of human language has been discussed for centuries from different perspectives. Linguistic theory has proposed grammar as a core part of human language that has to be considered in this context. Recent advances in neurosciences have allowed us to take a new neurobiological look on the similarities and dissimilarities of cognitive capacities and their neural basis across both closely and distantly related species. A couple of decades ago, the comparisons were mainly drawn between human and non-human primates, investigating the cytoarchitecture of particular brain areas and their structural connectivity. Moreover, comparative studies were conducted with respect to their ability to process grammars of different complexity. So far the available data suggest that non-human primates are able to learn simple probabilistic grammars, but not hierarchically structured complex grammars. The human brain, which easily learns both grammars, differs from the non-human brain (among others) in how two language-relevant brain regions (Broca's area in the inferior frontal cortex and the superior temporal cortex) are connected structurally by fiber tracts which run dorsally and ventrally in the primate brain. Whether the more dominant dorsal pathway in humans compared to non-human primates is causally related to this behavioral difference is an issue of current debate. Ontogenetic findings suggest at least a correlation between the maturation of the dorsal pathway and the behavior to process syntactically complex structures, although the ultimate causal prove is still not available. Thus, the neural basis of complex grammar processing in humans remains to be defined. More recently it has been reported that songbirds are also able to distinguish between sound sequences reflecting complex grammar. Interestingly, songbirds learn to sing by imitating adult song in a process not unlike language development in children. Moreover, the neural circuits supporting this behavior in songbirds bear anatomical and functional similarities to those in humans. In adult humans the fiber tract connecting the auditory cortex and motor cortex dorsally is known to be involved in the repetition of spoken language. This pathway is present already at birth and is taken to play a major role during language acquisition. In songbirds, detailed information exist concerning the interaction of auditory, motor, and cortical-basal ganglia processing during song learning, and present a rich substrate for comparative studies. The scope of the Research Topic was to bring together contributions of researchers from different fields, who investigate grammar processing in humans, non-human primates, and songbirds with the aim to find answers to the question of what constitutes the neurobiological basis of language and language learning. A number of contributions discuss the ventral and dorsal pathways in human and non-human primates considering their functional roles in speech and language. Some of these take an evolutionary perspective comparing non-human and human primates (Rauschecker, 2012; Rilling et al., 2012), whereas other takes an ontogenetic perspective (Friederici, 2012). The functional roles of the ventral and dorsal pathways in language and other modalities in particular action including articulatory and hand gestures are discussed in further articles (Fitch, 2011; Aboitiz, 2012; Rijntjes et al., 2012). Two articles consider the language system at the interface of two other human specific abilities, namely number processing (Heim et al., 2012) and reading (Lachmann et al., 2012). A couple of contributions take the evolutionary perspective even further by including song birds into their comparative approach (Berwick et al., 2012; Kiggins et al., 2012; Petkov and Jarvis, 2012). The selection of the articles provides a picture of the current views on the evolutionary and neurobiological basis of the language and language learning.