【Objective】Accurate estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for determining crop water requirements, improving irrigation efficiency and supporting sustainable water resource management, especially in regions facing water scarcity. The objective of this paper is to identify a reliable and practical model for estimating ET0 in Northern Henan Province.【Method】Daily meteorological data measured from 2021 to 2022 and numerical weather forecasts from 2023 for Xinxiang City, Henan Province, were used to develop and evaluate the following ET0 models: the Prophet model, the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), the extreme learning machine (ELM) model, and their hybrid combinations. ET0 calculated using these models were compared with that calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.【Result】ET0 calculated in all models were correlated with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed 2 m above the ground surface. They factors were thus selected as inputs to the models. The time-series models (Prophet and ARIMA) effectively captured seasonal variation in ET0 but gave rise to notable errors when ET0 exceeded 5.5 mm/d. The ELM model better captured the nonlinear relationship between ET0 and these meteorological factors, achieving an increase of R2 value by 11%, compared with the time-series models. The ELM-ARIMA hybrid model was more accurate than other models for calculating ET0 in medium-term (1-10 day), with its MAE, RMSE and MBE reduced by 64.5%, 72.9% and 65.6%, respectively, compared to those in the non-hybrid model; its correlation with observed ET0 was R2=0.945, the highest among all models.【Conclusion】The ELM-ARIMA hybrid model is most accurate and reliable for calculating ET0 and is recommended for use in water resource management and agricultural planning in Northern Henan Province.
Agriculture (General), Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage
A significant challenge arises in the characterization of urban systems, especially regarding the intricate structures of Central Business Districts (CBDs). Conventional models seem insufficient, failing to comprehend the non-linear, network-oriented structure of the city's economic and social dynamics. This creates a disparity between the city's physical, geographical structure and the unseen processes occurring within it. The fundamental inquiry is thus configurational: how can we systematically examine the inherent spatial logic of the CBD to develop a more efficient and predictive planning model? This paper presents a theoretical and methodological model to explore this inquiry, which focuses on Lower Manhattan as the primary subject of analysis. The aim of the research is to develop an analytical model that fosters a relational comprehension of the city as a system. The methodology combines graph-theoretic mathematical coding with spatial syntax analysis to elucidate the fundamental structure of dynamics in the Central Business District. We evaluate vulnerability as an intrinsic characteristic of network topology, apply Prüfer’s code to determine its distinctive structural signature, and employ various syntactic methods to examine its spatial configuration. Q-analysis, Zipf's law, Markov chains, and fractal analysis elucidate the interconnectedness of shape, function, and temporal change in various dimensions. The findings indicate that the layout of Lower Manhattan possesses a complex, robust, and well-structured network topology. We observed correlations between spatial integration indices and economic activity patterns; that is, the grid is an essential component of the economic functionality. The proposed model is both predictive and quantitative, which activates the comprehension of urban complexity. The systematic relationship elucidates the connection among geographical form, economic function, and susceptibility to potential threats. This framework offers a model for urban planners and designers to enhance connectivity, pinpoint structural deficiencies, and devise solutions that promote sustainable, resilient, and economically viable urbanism.
Joleha, Safridatul 'Audah, Yohanna Lilis Handayani
et al.
The problem of flooding in Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City, needs attention. Drainage and flood control systems need to be made to accommodate excess water and hold water somewhere. Groundwater management is directed at creating a balance between groundwater utilization and soil conservation efforts through the application of ecodrain which affects the conditions and characteristics of the area which provides an overview of land hydrology in parcels by comparing the height of the land with the receiving water bodies. as a drainage outlet. This research aims to create a map of groundwater depth and soil permeability based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the feasibility of infiltration well locations in Tuah Madani District in implementing ecodrain. The research method was carried out by collecting data on the coordinates of infiltration wells at 30 points in five areas of Tuah Madani District. then measure the depth of the groundwater table and test the permeability in the field. Data is processed using ArcGIS. The results of mapping the depth of the groundwater table in the area are classified as shallow (1.28m–3.58m). Only 4 locations (Tuah Karya and West Sidomulyo) out of 30 sample locations did not meet the standards. Meanwhile, the permability value obtained was 2.61–11.07 cm/hour. Technically, the procedure for planning infiltration wells (SNI03-2453-2002) fulfills two conditions, namely a minimum groundwater depth of 1.50 m and soil permeability ≥ 2.0 cm/hour. Based on the contour lines of Tuah Madani District, it displays a pattern of groundwater flow from high flow to low flow at each point of the wellbore, the highest points on the map are colored blue (Air Putih and Sidomulyo Barat), while the lowest points on the map are Air Putih and Sidomulyo Barat. red (Tuah Madani, Luah Karya and Sialangmunggu).
INTRODUCTION:
Unsafe abortion is one of the major medical and public health problems in developing countries. However, there is a lack of up-to-date and reliable information on induced abortion distribution and its determinant factors in the country.
OBJECTIVES: This study determined the sociodemographic and clinical profile of women admitted for abortion at a tertiary government hospital in Cebu city from 2013-2017.
METHODS:
This study reviewed the charts in medical records of women diagnosed with abortion admitted at a government tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 with key words “abortion” in the final diagnosis.
RESULTS:
The results of this study showed that 86% of patients who had induced abortion discharged improved from this institution, 2 patients died due to medical complications and 12% were discharged against medical advice. Majority of abortions were within early ages of gestation. Primigravidas and primiparas had the highest incidence of induced abortion 20.44% and 27.73%respectively. Of the treatments employed, the major method of abortion employed was mechanical. Majority of induced abortions did not develop septic complications.
CONCLUSION:
The trend in admission of induced abortions from 2013 to 2017 showed a downward trend. This decrease in incidence may be attributed to improved access to family planning methods since the Reproductive Health Law was implemented in 2014 and the introduction of the Maternal Perinatal Statistics quarterly conferences headed by Department of Health (DOH) Region 7 and the different DOH-retained hospitals as well as BEMONC/SEMONC facilities in Cebu Province. 17. These statistical events focuses the spotlight on the importance of health education and further improvement in the provision of health care in the local setting. Moreover, further improvement in post abortive care and adequate coverage should be provided to patients with abortion to reduce the incidence of complications and potential mortality.
Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle, leading to reduced infiltration and faster and larger runoff. However, the detailed analysis of the contribution of urbanization to different quantiles of discharge is still lacking; particularly, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization as those in China. Here, we focus on the Wenyu watershed, a rapidly urbanizing basin located in the Beijing metropolitan area. Using a statistical attribution framework, we examine the hydrological response to the increasing urbanization across a wide range of discharge quantiles, from low to high flows; moreover, we perform analyses at the seasonal scale to capture differences in the physical processes at play during the year. Results indicate that the selected GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) models can capture well the variability in streamflow in this highly urbanized basin, with the average Spearman correlation coefficients between observations and the median of the fitted models of 0.84, 0.79, and 0.81 in spring, summer, and winter, respectively. Overall, urbanization played a different role in the different seasons and discharge quantiles. More specifically, we find its strongest impact to be in winter and spring, and for low and median quantiles. The role of precipitation is the strongest in summer, and it increases as we move toward the upper tail of the discharge distribution, especially above the 55th percentile, for which precipitation is selected as the only important predictor. Recycled water, on the other hand, tends to play a more dominant role in winter and spring. HIGHLIGHTS
Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle; however, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization. In this research, we focus on a fast urbanizing basin, and the hydrological responses to the increasing urbanization have been examined.;
The quantification of the impacts of drivers for different discharge quantiles and seasons has been examined.;
Urbanization plays a decreasing role towards the upper tail of the distribution.;
While there have been various studies on global vegetation dynamics, limited studies have been conducted to understand vegetation changes in arid areas. Vegetation distribution patterns can be affected by multiple factors, so understanding their interactions can help improve the capability of predicting future vegetation dynamics. This study, therefore, analyzed the dynamic vegetation changes in Alxa League, China, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset (2000–2019), with the consideration of land cover types, digital elevation model, air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, total evaporation, and air quality. The results show that the NDVI in Alxa League is small. Before 2012, the NDVI value fluctuated, while after 2012, the NDVI value dropped sharply and then slowly recovered after 2015. High NDVI values were found in areas with high and frequent human activities (city centers). The NDVI in the northwest region showed a slight degradation trend, and the southeast showed a slight improvement trend. According to the land cover type analysis, the NDVI value was the largest when the land cover type was tree cover, and the NDVI value was the smallest when the land cover type was bare/sparse vegetation. Alxa League was dominated by a bare/sparse vegetation distribution. The terrain analysis indicates that when the height was between 1800 and 3492 m, the NDVI value was the highest, and high NDVI values were mainly distributed in the area with a slope > 25°. When the slope was flat, the NDVI value was the smallest. Considering climate factors, the NDVI was negatively correlated with air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and total evaporation in space, and only precipitation and soil moisture were positively correlated in time. Moreover, the population size has a strong positive correlation with the NDVI in this area. The monthly variation of the NDVI and absorbable particulate matter (PM10) was negatively correlated, i.e., strongly negatively correlated in spring, summer, and autumn, but only weakly positively correlated in winter. The seasonal variation of the NDVI was as follows: summer > autumn > spring > winter, and the seasonal variation of PM10 was spring > winter > summer > autumn. The interannual variation of the NDVI and PM10 was positively correlated. This suggests that the absorbable particulate matter (PM10) may be an essential factor for the normalized vegetation index to underestimate the dynamic changes of vegetation in arid regions. This study provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic changes of vegetation in the dry Alxa League.
In this paper, we provide an update of recent developments and forthcoming challenges in the field of planning support systems, following earlier reviews in 2003 and 2009. The rationale for this update is the rapid development of information and communication technologies and their impact on planning support systems. After a brief retrospective assessment of past planning support system developments, the paper presents a synthesis of the experiences and views of a worldwide sample of invited planning support system experts, whose innovative contributions comprise a new Handbook of Planning Support Science. The developments documented by the experts together substantiate our impression that a fundamental transformation is taking place – a paradigm shift – wherein the field of planning support systems is maturing into a planning support science. From this perspective, it is expected that planning support systems will become indispensable instruments in the planning process in the not too distant future. The signs of this maturation are already visible in research, education and practice.
M. Motamedi, H. R. Eshghizadeh, A. Nematpour
et al.
World climate change is an accepted important subject but its negative effects are severe in arid and semi-arid areas of Iran. So, in the present study, two climate scenarios including RCP 8.5 (critical scenario) and RCP 4.5 (moderate scenario) during 2020, 2030, and 2040 decades and their effects on temperature changes in the wheat growth period in five cities of Isfahan province including Isfahan, Najaf Abad, Chadegan, Burkhar, and Meimeh have been investigated. The survey of temperature changes during wheat growth in the next decades showed that Burkhar, Isfahan, Najaf Abad, Chadegan, and Meimeh, respectively will experience more days with a temperature higher than 30°C in 2020, 2030, and 2040 decades than the mean of two recent years (2017-2018). Furthermore, in comparison with present conditions, the most changes in the number of days with a temperature higher than 30°C in next decades climates (2020, 2030, and 2040 decades) will be in Burkhar, Meimeh, Chadegan, Najaf Abad, and Isfahan, respectively. The range of changes percent in the number of days higher than 30°C in next climate conditions rather than present condition will be varied between 5 percent (Isfahan) till 97 percent (Burkhar). The changes percent in all studied cities were more in RCP 8.5 than RCP 4.5. During wheat growth, the number of days less than zero°C will be less in Isfahan, Burkhar, and Meimeh while will be more in Najaf Abad and Chadegan. The evaporation- transpiration will be increased in the next decades during wheat growth. As a result, planning and using compatibility strategies for each city is important to guarantee wheat production.
As COVID-19 spreads across the United States, people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are among the most vulnerable to the virus. To mitigate transmission, municipal governments are procuring isolation facilities for PEH to utilize following possible exposure to the virus. Here we describe the framework for anticipating isolation bed demand in PEH communities that we developed to support public health planning in Austin, Texas during March 2020. Using a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission, we projected that, under no social distancing orders, a maximum of 299 (95% Confidence Interval: 223, 321) PEH may require isolation rooms in the same week. Based on these analyses, Austin Public Health finalized a lease agreement for 205 isolation rooms on March 27th 2020. As of October 7th 2020, a maximum of 130 rooms have been used on a single day, and a total of 602 PEH have used the facility. As a general rule of thumb, we expect the peak proportion of the PEH population that will require isolation to be roughly triple the projected peak daily incidence in the city. This framework can guide the provisioning of COVID-19 isolation and post-acute care facilities for high risk communities throughout the United States.
Information about urban land use is important for urban planning and sustainable development. The emergence of geospatial big data (GBD), increased the availability of remotely sensed (RS) data and the development of new methods for data integration to provide new opportunities for mapping types of urban land use. However, the modes of RS and GBD integration are diverse due to the differences in data, study areas, classifiers, etc. In this context, this study aims to summarize the main methods of data integration and evaluate them via a case study of urban land use mapping in Hangzhou, China. We first categorized the RS and GBD integration methods into decision-level integration (DI) and feature-level integration (FI) and analyzed their main differences by reviewing the existing literature. The two methods were then applied for mapping urban land use types in Hangzhou city, based on urban parcels derived from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) road network, 10 m Sentinel-2A images, and points of interest (POI). The corresponding classification results were validated quantitatively and qualitatively using the same testing dataset. Finally, we illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches via bibliographic evidence and quantitative analysis. The results showed that: (1) The visual comparison indicates a generally better performance of DI-based classification than FI-based classification; (2) DI-based urban land use mapping is easy to implement, while FI-based land use mapping enables the mixture of features; (3) DI-based and FI-based methods can be used together to improve urban land use mapping, as they have different performances when classifying different types of land use. This study provides an improved understanding of urban land use mapping in terms of the RS and GBD integration strategy.
When the dominion of the sacred is read against the light, what are the morphological and urban implications of spaces, architecture and religious presences that must give way to logics and policies that dominate them? As an interesting key study, we can analyse the demolition of the cathedral in Mondovì, a flourishing cultural centre in Piedmont, when it was decided to transform the magnificent temple into a military structure in 1573. The overall architectural and urban dimension of the building was totally transformed. The civil and religious architecture, that was consolidated in the post-Tridentine period, underwent disruptive transformations when the city was the seat of Bishop Michele Ghislieri (later Pius V). Mondovì was characterised by exceptional intellectual vivacity, if compared to other Piedmontese centers, with the university, an avant-garde typography, the Jesuit college. At a time when the choices and priorities regarding the urban vocation were renewed, new real estate and demographic dynamics were defined, linked to the resilience of religious orders and new social groups. This paper deals with the analysis and comparison between different documentary and iconographic sources, which are not a homogeneous corpus but allow the study of the religious presence in the city and the verification of urban policies. The essay also tries to focus on dynamics not yet explored and by direct comparison with other cities, in particular with Savona and its transformations after the loss of autonomy in 1528.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Human and ecosystem health is affected by the risk of air pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the parameters generating pollution and governing their nature in time is essential to devise functional policies focusing on minimising the concentration of the pollutants. The effect of pollution parameters on meteorological data and existing in between relationships, have been the focus of the researcher’s planning of better city future. Thorough study of resources utilisation is required for contributing to framing effective, sustainable development, government policies management, and advance public services convenience. For protecting the environmental quality, renewable resources like solar and wind are more incorporated in techniques supporting better city planning. This paper considers the hourly time series Particular Matter (PM) PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, Nitrogen Oxide (NO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) along with measured wind flow and humidity. This study’s objective is to assess the temporal seasonality patterns of these parameters in Stuttgart, Germany. The temporal variations over the city center in Stuttgart are analysed using unsupervised approach to perform seasonal hierarchical clustering on a series of parameters NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, wind speed and humidity. Furthermore, the correlations between meteorological and pollution parameters are analysed using the Spearman rank correlation method. Moreover, a dashboard is developed to provide the user desired time frame visualisation of these parameters. Proposed work would provide empirical meaning and seasonality comparison among the above mentioned parameters combined with interactive dashboard support. The analyses of the presented results clearly demonstrates the relationship between air pollutants, wind, humidity together in combine temporal activities frame. Thus, it would help city planner and policies maker with advanced knowledge of seasonality for meteorological and pollution parameters conditions.
Henrietta Palmer, Merritt Polk, David Simon
et al.
Abstract As widely attested in the literature, the evaluation of co-production is complex and unsuited to the use of conventional quality, monitoring and evaluation indicators. This reflects the uncertainties, co-contributory factors and time lags involved, particularly when seeking to assess institutional and wider societal effects of multi-stakeholder participatory processes and deliberative fora. The most widely assessed effects include the immediate outputs and outcomes of a project or activity (so-called first order effects) while wider societal or third order effects continue to be the most difficult to capture and, consequently, are the least well studied. Because of this difficulty, the intermediate, second order effects of organisational transformation and policy implementation constitute a growing challenge for evaluation. This is our focus here. After 10 years of transdisciplinary co-productive research practice, Mistra Urban Futures, as an interstitial research space bridging academia and practice working through city-based institutional partnerships called platforms, has reached a phase where some of these effects are becoming distinguishable. Accordingly, we discuss the prerequisites for co-production practitioners, including policy makers, to engage their respective organisations in transitional and incremental experimentation in order to achieve relevant institutional changes. This requires enabling infrastructures that support training, facilitation and the creation of ‘safe’ spaces to promote trust and legitimacy. These are needed to underpin the long-lasting personal and organisational commitments which are crucial to achieve transformative organisational effects.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Cities. Urban geography
Donato Di Vito, Mikko Kanerva, Jan Järveläinen
et al.
The multiplicity of targets of the 5G and further future technologies, set by the modern societies and industry, lacks the establishment of design methods for the highly multidisciplinary application of wireless platforms for small cells. Constraints are set by the overall energy concept, structural safety and sustainability. Various Smart poles and Light poles exist but it is challenging to define the design drivers especially for a composite load-carrying structure. In this study, the design drivers of a composite 5G smart pole are determined and the connecting design between finite element modelling (FEM), signal penetration and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for thermal analysis are reported as an interdisciplinary process. The results emphasize the significant effects of thermal loading on the material selection. The physical architecture, including various cutouts, is manipulated by the needs of the mmW radios, structural safety and the societal preferences of sustainable city planning, i.e., heat management and aesthetic reasons. Finally, the paint thickness and paint type must be optimized due to radome-integrated radios. In the future, sustainability regulations and realized business models will define the cost-structure and the response by customers.
de la Barrera Francisco, Henríquez Cristián, Coulombié Fanny
et al.
Urban expansion in Latin-American cities is faster than urban planning. In order to implement sustainable planning the capacity of peri-urban areas to provide ecosystem services must be evaluated in the context of competing urbanization and conservation pressures. In this study we analyzed the effect of urban expansion on peri-urban vegetation of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago and what ecosystem services are provided by El Panul, land rich in biodiversity embedded in the fringe of the city. The city has lost vegetation while urbanized areas grow. Under this context, we evaluated the multi-functionality of El Panul through the quantification of three ecosystem services (ES): sense of place through the interviews of 60 residents, recreation via GIS analyses, and local climate regulation determined with air temperature measurements. El Panul increased the provision of urban green spaces, where inhabitants recognize and appreciate ES, and it plays a significant role in mitigating the urban heat island on summer nights. ES have emerged as a concept and framework for evaluating competing urban development alternatives.
Este número de la revista Bitácora Urbano Territorial está dedicado a examinar la relación entre movilidad, espacio público y diseño participativo. Tres asuntos que, aunque cada uno cuenta con un universo independiente en términos conceptuales y en sus desarrollos prácticos, nos pareció pertinente reunirlos en una misma temática dada su interrelación permanente en las dinámicas actuales de la ciudad y el territorio.
Acudimos al concepto de movilidad para referirnos a la forma como los ciudadanos, presentes en el territorio, se desplazan en los distintos planos de la ciudad y, de la sociedad. La ciudad es tomada como un espacio predominante de concentración de los seres humanos, un espacio les brinda un conjunto de oportunidades. Así, la ciudad, entendida como la máxima representación de la democracia y de los avances en ciencia y tecnología, debería garantizar la movilización libre de los ciudadanos en el territorio; sin embargo, la realidad es muy diferente. Sus espacios están fragmentados como causa de procesos de ocupación y de lógicas de poder que generan constantes barreras físicas y de otros ordenes, que impiden la movilización y el traslado libre.
Los conflictos internos que tienen lugar desde hace años en los países de América Latina hacen que el territorio unitario de la nación, en la práctica, no sea posible; esto a causa de la cauda de la distribución, territorial que, derivada de las distintas lógicas y prácticas del poder que en él se desarrollan, afectan la movilidad.
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, City planning
Automatic extraction of building changes is important for many applications like disaster monitoring and city planning. Although a lot of research work is available based on 2D as well as 3D data, an improvement in accuracy and efficiency is still needed. The introducing of digital surface models (DSMs) to building change detection has strongly improved the resulting accuracy. In this paper, a post-classification approach is proposed for building change detection using satellite stereo imagery. Firstly, DSMs are generated from satellite stereo imagery and further refined by using a segmentation result obtained from the Sobel gradients of the panchromatic image. Besides the refined DSMs, the panchromatic image and the pansharpened multispectral image are used as input features for mean-shift segmentation. The DSM is used to calculate the nDSM, out of which the initial building candidate regions are extracted. The candidate mask is further refined by morphological filtering and by excluding shadow regions. Following this, all segments that overlap with a building candidate region are determined. A building oriented segments merging procedure is introduced to generate a final building rooftop mask. As the last step, object based change detection is performed by directly comparing the building rooftops extracted from the pre- and after-event imagery and by fusing the change indicators with the roof-top region map. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the proposed approach is provided by using WorldView-2 satellite data from Istanbul, Turkey.
The paper summarizes the concept of business performance and the performance measurement. The concept of business performance has changed a lot over the past decades. The managers have understood that in order to achieve organizational goals, more emphasis should be placed outside the owners, on other market participants, on the stakeholders (eg: customers, clients, employees, suppliers and other partners, local communities, …). The ’90s are also called „The performance measurement revolution”, because a lot of new performance measurement methods, systems appeared. The performance measurements have the prominent role: to collect information about where we are going to achieve the goals, if needed for intervention.
JEL code: B40