Hasil untuk "Chinese language and literature"

A Szerk.

Chronicle of 2025.

Zsófia Keller

Chiri Yukie and the Ainu (Chiri Yukie to Ainu 知里幸恵とアイヌ, 2018) and Song of the Kamuy (Kamuy no Uta カムイのうた, 2023) are both Japanese comics that fictionalize the life of Chiri Yukie (1903–1922), an Ainu poet whose first and only published work titled Collection of Ainu Chants of Spiritual Beings (Ainu Shinyōshū アイヌ神謡集, 1923) was one of the earliest efforts for the transmission of a living Ainu identity. This paper analyses the content of the above-mentioned manga by employing Olga Micheal’s methodology. In her book titled Human Rights in Graphic Life Narratives (2023), Michael theorizes that graphic life narratives—including Western comic books—have the potential to highlight or obscure the connection between the colonial history of the Global South and the current human rights violations committed against its inhabitants. Reformulating her theory to fit the Japanese context, this paper seeks to find out how the above-mentioned manga portray the interrelatedness of Hokkaidō’s status as a settler colony and the violation of the Ainu people’s indigenous rights during Yukie’s lifetime, when special primary schools were set up to mould Ainu children into dutiful Japanese citizens, and Ainu cemeteries were routinely robbed to satisfy the scientific curiosity of Wajin anthropologists. To different degrees, the above-mentioned manga both gloss over the role colonialism played in these injustices, just as they leave out that Yukie could be seen as a victim of the colonial power imbalance between her and Kindaichi Kyōsuke (1882–1971), the Wajin professor she worked with. Even though the ambiguity inherent in both stories’ portrayal of real-life events and sentiments is antithetical to the spirit of historical truthfulness, as advocated for by Tessa-Morris Suzuki (2005), they can be seen as something more than casual entertainment. In addition to transforming their readers into secondary witnesses, Chiri Yukie and the Ainu and Song of the Kamuy are both places of memory, as originally defined by Pierre Nora (2009). While the former is elevated to this status by virtue of being an educational gakushū manga, the latter is transformed by the activist stance taken by its creators against Ainu discrimination.

Shupıng Zhao

Importance. The key problems of socio-cultural concept formation among Chinese students in the process of learning Russian as a foreign language are considered. Insufficient integration of the cultural component into teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese philology students hinders the effective formation of their socio-cultural competencies. The purpose of the research is to develop and test the textbook “Cultural Studies of Russia”, aimed at the formation of the above competence through a systematic study of Russian traditions, values and modern socio–cultural reality.Materials and Methods. The methods of analytical review of scientific literature, comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese educational approaches, pedagogical observation and content analysis of Vesti FM radio broadcasts, literary texts, and visual sources are used.Results and Discussion. The methods of analytical review of scientific literature, comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese educational approaches, pedagogical observation and content analysis of Vesti FM radio broadcasts, literary texts, and visual sources are used.Conclusion. The possibility of including cultural studies as a component of the RFL course and prospects for further research in the field of cultural studies and foreign language education are substantiated.

Yike Yang

This data paper introduces the Hong Kong Narrative Speech Corpus (HKNSC), a bilingual narrative speech corpus collected from bilingual immigrants in Hong Kong. The current version of the corpus contains narrative data based on the frog story from 172 speakers, and has been annotated following the standard CHAT format. The text version of the corpus was published and archived via JOHD Dataverse and can be used by scholars interested in linguistics and language acquisition.

Ling Wang, Tingting Cai, Qingmei Huang et al.

Introduction Exercise is the main treatment for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and different types of exercises were performed in these patients. However, it is unclear which type of exercise or combination of these is the most effective in reducing arm swelling and lymphedema-related symptoms, and quality of life in patients with BCRL.Aims This study aimed to compare the relative efficacy of different types of exercise in treating BCRL and determine the most effective exercise therapy for patients with BCRL.Methods and analysis This review will search English-language databases (Cochran Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline and Web of Science). The following Chinese-language databases will also be searched: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and China Science and Technology Journal Database. The search was conducted up to 31 December 2024. Randomised controlled trials comparing different types of exercise on BCRL will be eligible. Data will be extracted from eligible trials by two independent researchers based on the selection criteria. Two reviewers will ascertain the risk of bias of the selected studies using a modified version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The study’s characteristics (study type, characteristics of the patients, intervention prescriptions) and primary outcomes (limb volume, physical function, physical and psychological symptoms) will be summarised in a narrative format. Meta-analyses (ie, network and pairwise) will be used to assess the indirect and direct effects of the exercise interventions. The relative effects of different types of exercise in treating BCRL will be examined by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve to calculate the ranking of treatments and determine the most effective intervention.Ethics and dissemination This review does not require ethical approval. The findings will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration number The systematic review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (CRD42022370817).

Santanu Bhadra, Charu Pundir, Maria Mukherjee et al.

Ethnopharmacology explores bioactive compounds rooted in traditional medical knowledge systems and holds immense promise for drug discovery, cultural preservation, and healthcare innovation. However, fragmented documentation, minimal digitization, and limited integration with biomedical frameworks remain major barriers. The advent of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), including large language models (LLMs) and molecular generation algorithms, offers transformative solutions to these challenges. This narrative review critically examines the application of GenAI in ethnopharmacology and highlights its role in digitizing traditional knowledge, decoding polyherbal formulations, predicting herb-drug interactions, and accelerating phytopharmaceutical discovery. It synthesizes current literature on GenAI tools and methods relevant to ethnopharmacology, considering natural language processing, knowledge graph construction, molecular modeling, and multimodal data integration. A five-phase strategic framework is proposed for the ethical and effective implementation of GenAI. This review narrates real-world applications from Asian (Ayurvedic, Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese), African, and Indigenous American medicines systems demonstrate adaptability across cultures. Stakeholder-specific benefits, spanning academia, healthcare, industry, and indigenous communities, are also discussed, along with methodological innovations and ethical considerations. GenAI offers a significant transition in ethnopharmacology by integrating traditional knowledge systems with advanced computational tools to develop inclusive data-driven innovation across global traditional medicine systems.

Qu Wei, Chen Haiyan

The audience spontaneously acted as "tap water" to initiate short video marketing, successfully triggering the box office market of the domestic literary film Return to Dust, making it a typical case of the film industry with great significance. The "tipping point" of the film at the box office is not only due to the combined effect of the dissemination of the short video of secondary creation and the live streaming of the traffic stars but also due to the topic sense created by the spiritual core of the film itself. At the same time, it benefits from the cross-media communication environment created by the UGC (user-generated content) model and the precise push of big data. With the combined force of these three parties, a breakthrough effect was formed, creating a "box office miracle" for domestic literary films. The short video explosion of the domestic literary film market is quite enlightening: only by taking quality as the core to create excellent films and taking traffic as a gripper to promote film cross-media marketing, can we get out of the film development road of "traffic + quality" with Chinese characteristics.

Yuebo Chen, Qinqin Luo, Qinqin Luo et al.

N. Kairanbayeva, Z. Shadkam, N. Demir

The names of lands and waters, the names of people are a mirror of the culture, customs, beliefs, worldview of a certain people. Among them, anthroponyms are a valuable heritage in the study of the history of the language, culture of the nation. Literary anthroponyms are the main branch of anthropo- nymics that requires important research. Especially among the medieval Turkic inscriptions that have survived to the present day, there are characters important to both history and literature. The article deals with the role and analysis of anthroponyms in the heroic poem about Hazrat Ali written at the beginning of the twentieth century. The object of the study is the religious manuscript “Kissa-i Jenkname-i Risale-i Shah-i Merdan”, writ- ten in the postclassical Chagatai language. Exploring the anthroponymic space of this text, we divided anthroponyms into historical and mythological characters. In our work, we consider the identification of proper names in the anthroponymic space of the manuscript. Among them there are historical characters such as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), His family and companions, and the mythological characters of Indian (Firuz Shah), Persian (Jam- shid Shah) and Chinese (Salsal Shah) legends as well. Key words: proper nouns, anthroponym, religious epic, Hazrat Ali, Chagatai language.

Zehua Wang, Feifei Han

Feedback plays a crucial role in the writing processes. However, in the literature on foreign language (FL) writing, there is a dearth of studies that compare the effects of teacher feedback and automated feedback on both cognitive and psychological aspects of FL writing. To fill this gap, the current study compared the effects of teacher feedback and automated feedback on both revision quality and writing proficiency development (i.e., the cognitive aspects), and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback (i.e., the psychological aspects) in English writing among English learners as an FL (EFLs) in China. It also investigated students’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the two types of feedback. The study adopted a mixed-methods design. The quantitative method collected the data through (1) a pre-test and a post-test, which measured the participants’ English writing proficiency development; (2) a writing task, which received either teacher feedback or automated feedback; and (3) a close-ended questionnaire, which examined students’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback. The qualitative method collected the data through an open-ended questionnaire, which examined the participants’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of teacher feedback or automated feedback depending on the type of feedback they received. Chinese university EFLs in two English classes (n = 35 in each class) taught by the same English teacher participated in the study: one class received teacher feedback while the other received automated feedback using Pigaiwang. While the students in the two classes did not differ significantly on the pre-test of students’ writing proficiency, students who received teacher feedback scored significantly higher on revision than those who received automated feedback. Students in the teacher feedback class also had significantly higher ratings on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback than those in the automated feedback class. However, students in the automated feedback class obtained significantly higher scores on the post-test of the writing proficiency. The qualitative results identified three themes of strengths and two themes of weaknesses for the teacher feedback and the automated feedback, respectively. The results suggest that while teacher feedback has a more positive effect on the psychological aspect of FL writing, automated feedback may be more effective in developing FL writing proficiency in the long run.

Y. Yum, S. Law

Abstract The literature has mixed reports on whether the N170, an early visual ERP response to words, signifies orthographic and/or phonological processing, and whether these effects are moderated by script and language expertise. In this study, native Chinese readers, Japanese–Chinese, and Korean–Chinese bilingual readers performed a one-back repetition detection task with single Chinese characters that differed in phonological regularity status. Results using linear mixed effects models showed that Korean–Chinese readers had bilateral N170 response, while native Chinese and Japanese–Chinese groups had left-lateralized N170, with stronger left lateralization in native Chinese than Japanese–Chinese readers. Additionally, across groups, irregular characters had bilateral increase in N170 amplitudes compared to regular characters. These results suggested that visual familiarity to a script rather than orthography-phonology mapping determined the left lateralization of the N170 response, while there was automatic access to sublexical phonology in the N170 time window in native and non-native readers alike.

W. Zhao

Despite a voluminous literature addressing English language teaching, the explorations focused on knowledge-building are rather limited in number. This is particularly the case with China’s tertiary English education. Unlike existing research, this study investigated Chinese college English teachers’ knowledge-building about rhetorical figures by drawing on the ideas of Autonomy and Semantics in Legitimation Code Theory. Designed as sequential mixed-method research with a development purpose, the study takes as its analytical data the pedagogic discourse generated in the finals of China’s National College English Teaching Context. It was found that the knowledge practices about rhetorical figures vary, for one thing, in their likelihood of shifting to introjected codes and returning to the initial sovereign code and the motivations for their possible drift into exotic codes; and for another, in whether they are unpacking-oriented, repacking-oriented, or unpacking-and-repacking-integrated. With this, the study demonstrated how varied knowledge practices in English language teaching or English-medium teaching can be portrayed, distinguished and explicated in terms of autonomy and semantic code shifts and by reference to their display of autonomy pathways and semantic profiles. The study also makes contributions by actualizing the perspectival complementarity between Autonomy and Semantics in describing and interpreting pedagogic practices, shedding light on the design and improvement of knowledge-building in both English language teaching and disciplinary teaching, and highlighting the necessity of developing non-native English teachers’ metalinguistic awareness of Legitimation Code Theory and systemic functional linguistics.

Fang Gao, J. Gube

Using multicultural education as a lens, this article details the discursive formation of Hong Kong’s linguistic landscape with a focus on policy arrangements around teaching Chinese as a second language for non-Chinese ethnic minorities since the early 2000s. We pose two research questions: What are the identifiable policy trends in education for ethnic minorities? And how effective are the policy provisions in managing diversity and social justice for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong? The study draws upon documentary analysis to review existing local literature, which highlight the school admission, curriculum design, language teachers’ professional development practices, and assessment pertaining to the education of ethnic minority students. Our analysis reveals a narrow concentration of policies that focus exclusively on supporting ethnic minority students’ Chinese language learning regarded as the barrier to their advancement in education and an omission of other nonlinguistic, structural and ideological challenges and barriers. This barrier contributes to prejudices in school access, curriculum and assessment that function within an assimilationist integration framework. We call for policy measures that broaden the focus of multicultural education for ethnic minorities and that seek to manage ethnolinguistic diversity for equal citizenship rights in the Asian context.

Bin Li, Y. Li, C. Hua

ABSTRACT Language learning has long been one of the most challenging issues facing non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students who are mainly ethnic minorities immersed in a multilingual environment in Hong Kong. Previous research on the education of NCS students suggested that early support from an immersion programme at a pre-school age may contribute to higher achievement in Chinese language skills. However, limited empirical evidence is available in the literature to shed light on the relationship between early immersion and language attainments of NCS students. This study aimed at surveying the experience and attainments in four languages among NCS students in local schools, and at filling the gap in the literature on holistic approaches to assessing language needs and development among young minority students. We used questionnaires as the major instrument to elicit information of ethnicity, age, family, language proficiencies, and other key variables. Responses were received from 230 NCS students in local primary and secondary schools where English is used as the medium of instruction. The results revealed a strong link between early acculturation and the later language attainments among the NCS participants. Our key finding corroborated previous research claims that early immersion may facilitate Chinese language acquisition by NCS students. Implications for immersion pedagogy are also discussed.

Dingmin Wu, L. Zhang, Lan Wei

ABSTRACT Translator trainers are faced with the challenges of helping translator trainees develop translator competence that meets the needs of the current language services industry. However, the existing literature provides little information on translator trainers’ beliefs about translator competence or their actual training practices. The study reported here adopted a mixed methods approach, in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to investigate translator trainers’ beliefs and training practices in the Chinese context. Analysis of the responses to a questionnaire as well as the interview and classroom observation data suggests that there were discrepancies between Chinese translator trainers’ beliefs and their training practices. It was found that the translator trainers generally recognised the importance of all the sub-competences of translator competence. However, they primarily focused on developing trainee’s bilingual and translation knowledge sub-competences and marginalised other sub-competences in their training practices. The observed discrepancies could be attributed to several internal factors (e.g., self-efficacy and motivation) and external factors (e.g., students’ abilities, curricula, examinations, colleagues and facilities). Based on these findings, several implications for the (self-)training of translator trainers are elaborated.

Minh-Thuan Nguyen, Gia H. Ngo, Nancy F. Chen

Logographs (Chinese characters) have recursive structures (i.e. hierarchies of sub-units in logographs) that contain phonological and semantic information, as developmental psychology literature suggests that native speakers leverage on the structures to learn how to read. Exploiting these structures could potentially lead to better embeddings that can benefit many downstream tasks. We propose building hierarchical logograph (character) embeddings from logograph recursive structures using treeLSTM, a recursive neural network. Using recursive neural network imposes a prior on the mapping from logographs to embeddings since the network must read in the sub-units in logographs according to the order specified by the recursive structures. Based on human behavior in language learning and reading, we hypothesize that modeling logographs’ structures using recursive neural network should be beneficial. To verify this claim, we consider two tasks (1) predicting logographs’ Cantonese pronunciation from logographic structures and (2) language modeling. Empirical results show that the proposed hierarchical embeddings outperform baseline approaches. Diagnostic analysis suggests that hierarchical embeddings constructed using treeLSTM is less sensitive to distractors, thus is more robust, especially on complex logographs.

M. Abdeen, S. Albouq, Ahmed R. Elmahalawy et al.

The world has witnessed an information explosion in the past two decades. Electronic devices are now available in many varieties such as PCs, Laptops, book readers, mobile devices and with relatively affordable prices. This and the ubiquitous use of software applications such as social media and cloud applications, and the increasing trend towards digitalization, the amount of information on the global cloud has surged to an unprecedented level. Therefore, a dire need exists in order to mine this massively large amount of data and produce meaningful information. Text Classification is one of the known and well established data mining techniques that has been used and reported in the literature. Text classification methods include statistical and machine learning algorithms such as Naive Baysian, Support Vector Machines and others have widely been used. Many works have been reported regarding text classification of various languages including English, Chinese, Russian, and many others. Arabic is the fifth most spoken language in the world. There has been many works in the literature for Arabic text classification. However, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no recent work that presents a good, critical and comprehensive survey of the Arabic text classification for the past two decades. The aim of this paper is to present a concise and yet comprehensive review of the Arabic text classification. We have covered over 50 research papers covering the past two decades (2000 - 2019). The main focus of this paper is to address the following issues: 1) The techniques reported in the literature including. 2) New Techniques. 3) Most claimed efficient technique. 4) Datasets used and which ones are most popular. 5) Which feature selection techniques are used? 6) Popular classes/categories used. 7) Effect of stemming techniques on classification results.

W. Renandya, G. Hu

Bence Miklós Kovács

The 35-years-long Japanese colonial period left a century-long wound on the South Korean-Japanese relations. It took two decades from the end of World War II to re-establish basic diplomatic relations, then it took more long decades to initiate a gradual approach. Even seventy years after the end of World War II, relations between the two countries are so unstable and fragile that this slow progress can be easily wiped out by a new conflict caused by a single thoughtless statement. Preserving this situation and this vulnerability is partly artificially generated as some political actors gain benefits from the legitimating power of nationalism and they use the media to achieve this goal. Due to the fact that politics is the only segment with an insignificant progress between the two countries in the last decade, it is an odd-oneout in the South Korean-Japanese relations, if we compare it to the development of economic or cultural cooperation. However, this intriguing circumstance can be overwritten by two changing factors. The first but slower one is the change of generations; however, in this case media and its influencing capacity shouldnot be forgotten. The other, much faster and more efficient factor is, as far as it serves state interests, mediation and lobby from the United States, which has just recently shown its real significance on this topic.

J. Ni, Li Zhang

Objective:To guide the optimal selection among first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in clinical practice. This review attempted to provide a thorough comparison among three first-generation EGFR-TKIs, namely icotinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib, with regard to their molecular structure, pharmacokinetic parameters, clinical data, adverse reactions, and contraindications. Data Sources:An electronic literature search of the PubMed database and Google Scholar for all the available articles regarding gefitinib, icotinib, and erlotinib in the English language from January 2005 to December 2014 was used. Study Selection:The search terms or keywords included but not limited to “lung cancer”, “nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)”, “epidemiology”, “EGFR”, “TKIs”, and “optimal selection”. Results:As suggested by this review, even though the three first-generation EGFR-TKIs share the quinazoline structure, erlotinib had the strongest apoptosis induction activity because of its use of a different side-chain. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that both erlotinib and icotinib are affected by food. The therapeutic window of erlotinib is narrow, and the recommended dosage is close to the maximum tolerable dosage. Icotinib enjoys a wider therapeutic window, and its concentration in the blood is within a safe dosage range even if it is administered with food. Based on multiple large-scale clinical trials, erlotinib is universally applied as the first-line treatment. In marked contrast, icotinib is available only in China as the second- or third-line therapeutic approach for treating advanced lung cancer. In addition, it exhibits a similar efficacy but better safety profile than gefitinib. Conclusions:Although there is a paucity of literature regarding whether icotinib is superior to erlotinib, its superior toxicity profile, noninferior efficacy, and lower cost indicate that it is a better alternative for Chinese patients living with advanced NSCLC.