The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected individuals and societies physically, but has also resulted in a series of mental health problems, given the course of the disease, the speed at which it spread, and the measures taken in response to its rapid spread. Many studies have reported that hope can be an important factor in mitigating the mental health impacts of the pandemic. The present study aims to identify the factors affecting hope during the pandemic. The dataset of the study is the microdata from the Life Satisfaction Survey obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. This survey is conducted by an official institution. The sample size of the study is designed to produce estimates on a Turkish basis and the sampling method is a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. 20,176 people were included in the study. For the a priori analysis of the dataset, chi-square independence tests were used followed by binary logistic regression and binary probit regression models from discrete choice models. As a result of the study, it was determined that age, marital status, education level, satisfaction with income level, income change, welfare level, debt status, happiness level, satisfaction with health services, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with education, satisfaction with social life, satisfaction with personal care, feeling safe, environmental awareness, being involved in religion, and experiencing gender pressure are effective on individuals' hopes for their future. It has been determined that individuals with a positive socioeconomic level, who do not experience gender pressure, who can spare time for personal care, who are satisfied with health services, who are healthy, who are happy, who have environmental awareness, who feel safe in the region they live in, who are satisfied with the education they receive, and who are satisfied with their social life are more hopeful about the future. Among these factors, happiness level, welfare level, and feeling safe were found to be strong predictors of hope. Addressing the factors that positively affect individuals' hopefulness for the future, particularly by decision-makers and policymakers, will contribute to the establishment of a better social structure.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In recent years, the field of Shiʿi studies has undergone a significant transformation, expanding beyond traditional religious, theological, and historical inquiries to encompass a more nuanced exploration of the material and sensory dimensions of Shiʿi religiosity. While earlier scholarship on Shiʿism focused heavily on its foundational texts, rituals, and political movements, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of material culture in shaping religious experience. Shiʿi Materiality Beyond Karbala: Religion That Matters marks a pivotal moment in this scholarly evolution, offering a fresh, interdisciplinary approach to understanding Shiʿi devotion through objects, spaces, substances, and sensory experiences. The volume moves beyond the familiar focus on Karbala and Ashura, turning attention to how materiality mediates the sacred, sustains communal identity, and facilitates encounters with the divine across diverse contexts. By engaging with fields such as Religious Studies, Material Religion, Anthropology of Religion, and Media Studies, this book provides a ground-breaking perspective on the multisensory and material aspects of Shiʿi life, reflecting a much-needed shift in the study of religion and material culture.
This paper aims to examine the cascading impact of current conditions on the freedoms of expression and religious belief within Indonesia's online sphere, particularly amidst a rising trend of religious blasphemy cases. The dynamic nature of social interactions and discussions in cyberspace has fostered diverse interpretations influenced by subjective understandings of religion, often resulting in disputes of religious blasphemy. Employing a qualitative research method, the study analyses pertinent literary sources to provide insights into the practice of blasphemy laws and their detrimental effects on the freedoms of religion and expression. Indonesia, as a signatory of ICCPR and the Rabat Plan of Action, upholds constitutional guarantees of these freedoms. However, the current application of blasphemy regulations needs reform to better safeguard the rights of its citizens. By targeting laws that prohibit incitement to religious hatred, the legal framework can more effectively fulfill its primary objective of protecting people from discrimination and ensuring their dignity. This research underscores the urgency for Indonesia to recalibrate its approach to blasphemy laws, aligning them with international human rights standards. So that Indonesia can enhance its commitment to protecting freedom of expression and religious belief, fostering a more inclusive and rights-respecting environment for its diverse population.
Forecasting construction spending is important for civil engineering practitioners to make business decisions. Currently, the main body of forecasting literature pertains exclusively to aggregate construction investment, such as total construction spending (TTLCON), private construction spending, or residential construction spending. But type-specific construction spending, such as that for education, healthcare, and religion, had yet to be explored using forecasting techniques. This case study presents a viable procedure by which aggregate and type-specific non-residential construction can be forecasted. The procedure that involves the use of the Granger causality test and the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model proved to be able to provide an accurate forecast pre-COVID-19, with some accuracy even during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Lessons learned include the following: (1) effort should be diverted towards model interpretation, as the impulse–response trial yields results conforming to current well-established empirical evidence; (2) a type-specific approach should be adopted when analyzing construction spending, as different types of construction spending react differently to potential indicators; and (3) complex models incorporating multiple indicators should be used to generate a forecast, as a complex model has a higher chance of containing parameters explanatory of the target variable’s features during the testing period.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر تطبيق الإستراتيجيات الفردية لإدارة ضغوط العمل بالأبعاد التالية)البحث عن الدعم الاجتماعي، إدارة الوقت، التأمل والاسترخاء، الإستعانة بالدين( على الأداء الوظيفي ثلاثة مؤسسات عمومية للصحة الجوارية بولاية تيارت، ولتحقيق ذلك وزعت 44 استمارة استبيان على عمال المؤسسات محل الدراسة، وفي الأخير توصلنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: وجود أثر إيجابي للإستراتيجيات الفردية لإدارة ضغوط العمل على الأداء الوظيفي، وأن استراتيجية إدارة الوقت هي الإستراتيجية الأكثر استخداما من قبل عمال المؤسسات الصحية محل الدراسة.
This study aims to identify the effect of applying individual strategies to manage work stress in the following dimensions (Seeking social support, time management, meditation and relaxation, seeking help from religion) on job performance in three public health institutions in Tiaret, to achieve this, 44 questionnaires were distributed to the workers of the institutions under study. Finally, we reached a set of results, which are: There is a positive impact of individual strategies for managing work stress on job performance, and that the time management strategy is the most used strategy by the workers of the health institutions under study.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Marketing. Distribution of products
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role that religion and politics play at the intersection with individual and social rights. Religiously informed political actors capitalised on fears and prejudices to further science denialism, normalise nationalist ideologies, and curtail human rights. In the United States of America, Brazil, and South Africa, it took the form of problematic political theologies. In many instances, a state of exception, as understood in the work of Giorgio Agamben, was enacted. Such actions often have biopolitical significance revolving around making political choices informed by religious beliefs that impact on individual bodies and social freedoms. This extends from individual bodies to
societies. This research employs a qualitative literature approach to investigate the intersection of political and theological beliefs during the pandemic. It highlights the impact of populist political theologies on the erosion of democracy and human rights in countries that have highly religious populations. It is argued that these strategies reach beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Christianity, Practical religion. The Christian life
Irenius Konkor, Isaac Luginaah, Winston Husbands
et al.
Objective: Canada became a preferred destination for many non-European and non-American migrants since the introduction of favorable immigration policies in the late 1960 s. Blackimmigrants from the African and Caribbean regions however are a known vulnerable population to HIV infection in Canada. Even though first-generation immigrants might differ from subsequent generations in terms of culture and beliefs which are important for health outcomes and behaviors, research examining disparities in their use of preventative healthcare is limited. This study aimed to examine generational disparities in the uptake of HIV screening services among a sample of heterosexual Black men in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional survey sample (n = 829) that was collected from heterosexual Black men in four Ontarian cities (Toronto, Ottawa, London and Windsor) between March 2018 and February 2019. We used the negative log-log link function of the binomial family to examine the independent relationship between immigration status and the uptake of HIV testing and the cumulative effect of other predictor variables on HIV testing in nested models. Results: Findings from multivariate analysis show second-generation immigrants were significantly less likely to test for HIV compared with their first-generation immigrant counterparts. After controlling for theoretically relevant variables, the second-generation immigrants were 53% less likely to test for HIV. We further observed that participants with good knowledge of HIV transmission (OR=1.05; p > 0.05) and those who were older were more likely to test for HIV. Those with masculine tendencies (OR=0.98; p > 0.05) and those who reported not having sexual partner were less likely to test (OR=0.57; p > 0.01). Religion emerged as a significant predictor of HIV testing as Christians (OR=1.62; p > 0.05) and other believers (OR=1.59; p > 0.05) were more likely to test for HIV when compared to their Muslim counterparts. Conclusion: HIV prevention policies may need not only prioritize first-generation immigrants, but the wellbeing of their descendants as well. This could be achieved by implementing programs that will enhance second-generation immigrants’ use of HIV screening services. Additionally, HIV educational programs would be of relevance and especially so as respondents with good knowledge of HIV transmission consistently demonstrated higher likelihood of testing for their HIV status.
Public aspects of medicine, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Introduction. The education of tolerance has been of interest to scientists since ancient times. Theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the concept of “tolerance” should be defined from different positions: some researchers emphasize the idea of mutual respect and equality, others underline not so much respect and tolerance for other people, regardless of race, religion, social status, etc., but more the influence of tolerance on the process of human socialization; others pay special attention to the spiritual component of the concept of tolerance, referring tolerance to the criteria of moral upbringing of the individual. Consideration of the problem of tolerance education made it possible to identify the mechanisms of its development. Conclusion. In order to form a tolerant attitude towards Russian culture in foreign students, it is necessary to develop their interest in Russian culture and teach them to adequately understand the unfamiliar surrounding reality, to be able to focus on appropriate behavior and communication in the Russian-speaking society. The formation of a tolerant attitude towards Russian culture is influenced by classes in Culture of Speech, in which emotionally colored situations of creativity and communication should be used. The most important components of the tolerant attitude of foreign students to Russian culture are the culture of speech and communication.
Tiffeny James, Naaheed Mukadam, Andrew Sommerlad
et al.
<h4>Background</h4> National dementia guidelines provide recommendations about the most effective approaches to diagnosis and interventions. Guidelines can improve care, but some groups such as people with minority characteristics may be disadvantaged if recommended approaches are the same for everyone. It is not known if dementia guidelines address specific needs related to patient characteristics. The objectives of this review are to identify which countries have national guidelines for dementia and synthesise recommendations relating to protected characteristics, as defined in the UK Equality Act 2010: age, disability, gender identity, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. <h4>Methods and findings</h4> We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Medline databases and the Guideline International Network library from inception to March 4, 2020, for dementia guidelines in any language. We also searched, between April and September 2020, Google and the national health websites of all 196 countries in English and in each country’s official languages. To be included, guidelines had to provide recommendations about dementia, which were expected to be followed by healthcare workers and be approved at a national policy level. We rated quality according to the iCAHE guideline quality checklist. We provide a narrative synthesis of recommendations identified for each protected characteristic, prioritising those from higher-quality guidelines. Forty-six guidelines from 44 countries met our criteria, of which 18 were rated as higher quality. Most guidelines (39/46; 85%) made at least one reference to protected characteristics, and we identified recommendations relating to age, disability, race (or culture, ethnicity, or language), religion, sex, and sexual orientation. Age was the most frequently referenced characteristic (31/46; 67%) followed by race (or culture, ethnicity, or language; 25/46; 54%). Recommendations included specialist investigation and support for younger people affected by dementia and consideration of culture when assessing whether someone had dementia and providing person-centred care. Guidelines recommended considering religion when providing person-centred and end-of-life care. For disability, it was recommended that healthcare workers consider intellectual disability and sensory impairment when assessing for dementia. Most recommendations related to sex recommended not using sex hormones to treat cognitive impairment in men and women. One guideline made one recommendation related to sexual orientation. The main limitation of this study is that we only included national guidelines applicable to a whole country meaning guidelines from countries with differing healthcare systems within the country may have been excluded. <h4>Conclusions</h4> National guidelines for dementia vary in their consideration of protected characteristics. We found that around a fifth of the world’s countries have guidelines for dementia. We have identified areas of good practice that can be considered for future guidelines and suggest that all guidelines provide specific evidence-based recommendations for minority groups with examples of how to implement them. This will promote equity in the care of people affected by dementia and help to ensure that people with protected characteristics also have high-quality clinical services. Tiffeny James and team investigate which countries have national guidelines for dementia, and synthesise recommendations relating to protected characteristics as defined in the UK Equality Act 2010. Author summary <h4>Why was this study done?</h4> Clinical practice guidelines can improve the quality of dementia care, but some people with minority characteristics related, for example, to race or gender may be disadvantaged if the same approaches are used for everyone. It is not known whether national guidelines for dementia consider such characteristics in their recommendations. <h4>What did the researchers do and find?</h4> We did a systematic review searching in English and in the official languages of each country to identify which countries have national guidelines for dementia and assessed the extent to which they consider protected characteristics using the UK Equality Act 2010 to define protected characteristics. We identified 46 guidelines from 44 out of 196 countries in the world, most of which were high-income countries, and 37 of them included at least one recommendation related to protected characteristics including age, disability, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. Age and race were the most frequently referenced characteristics with recommendations including specialist investigation for younger people; consideration of culture and language when assessing dementia; and consideration of age, culture, and religion when providing person-centred care. <h4>What do these findings mean?</h4> We identified areas of good practice in higher-quality guidelines and recommend that all guidelines include specific evidence-based recommendations for minority groups, which are in line with the World Health Organisation’s human rights–based approach to dementia care. To our knowledge, this was the most comprehensive search for dementia guidelines to date; however, we only included national guidelines applicable to a whole country meaning that guidelines from countries with differing healthcare systems within the country have been excluded.
This paper is a review of the book: Paul Robinson, The Realist Guide to Religion and Science (Leominster, Herefordshire, UK: Gracewing, 2018). According to the author, Robinson’s book is a double-hearted adventure. On the one hand, Robinson patiently and methodically rebuilds the reader’s capacity for knowing and loving truth by returning to Aristotelian and Thomistic principles and insights, showing how realism is the approach needed for the human mind to look for, know, and delight in what is objectively true. On the other hand, The Realist Guide is a ruthless dismantling of the various false edifices and untenable ideologies that thicket the modern academy.
Late childhood or adolescency represents a difficult age both for the educated one, the pupil, as for the one who educates. Therefore, from the point of view of phsychical evolution, this interval of "pre-adolescency" it is also called "theage of the unquiets of the puberty." This work follows to offer a few orientative direction of missionar-educational praxis in what concerns the teaching of religion in gymnasium classes, following the education of publis according to the 3rd competence proposed by the curricula of religion for the 5th to 8th years of study, namely "the manifestation of the values and religious knowledge in the own attitudes and behaviour."
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This article revisits the relationship between religion and education in post-1990 to understand the growing public role of religion in higher education in Zambia. The aim of the study that informs the article was to understand the public role of religion through the example of Catholicism in university education provision in Zambia. Informed by interpretivism and interpretive phenomenology, data were gathered through interviews with purposively chosen Catholic Church, Catholic university education representatives, and document analysis, and reductively explicated. Largely in conversation with the discourses of religious resources, the article demonstrates that the growing visibility of the Catholic Church on the Zambian university education landscape after the 1990s was driven by the quest to serve the needs of the Church, the principles of Catholic education and the society, thereby contributing to the transformation of the higher education landscape. The article argues that contrary to projections that secularisation would lead to a decline of religion in public life, religion had remained a useful ethical resource for the transformation of university education provision in post-1990 Zambia underpinned by an ethical concern to promote social and individual wellbeing and support the state’s expansion of higher education.
Religion is the choice of human life. Man can accept or reject religion is influenced by their knowledge, attitude and experience, or known as personal and social aspects. These two aspects influence each other in determining human behavior. Human are individuals who are integrated and live with both aspects. Man will be lucky if able managing both aspects on the path of truth. But man will lose if otherwise. Based on the theory of behaviorism aspects social as family becomes the determinant in the verdict of religious behavior someone. Because the family becomes the closest place in one’s life.Many norms, the rule of leadership in the family which becomes the frame of references of a person in behaving. Therefore in a religious, healthy, prosperous and harmonious family the positive influence of one’s religious adherence.
Beragama adalah pilihan hidup manusia. Manusia dapat menerima atau menolak agama dipengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan pengalaman yang dimiliki yang biasa disebut aspek personal dan sosial. Kedua aspek tersebut saling memengaruhi jiwa dalam menentukan perilaku manusia. Manusia adalah individu yang terintegrasi dari kedua aspek tersebut dan manusia hidup dengan kedua aspek tersebut. Manusia akan beruntung jika mampu mengelola kedua aspek tersebut pada jalan kebenaran. Namun manusia akan merugi jika sebaliknya. Berdasarkan teori behaviorisme, aspek-aspek sosial seperti keluarga menjadi penentu dalam putusan perilaku keagamaan seseorang. Keluarga menjadi tempat yang paling dekat dalam kehidupan seseorang. Banyak norma, aturan kepemimpinan dalam keluarga yang menjadi frame of references seseorang dalam berperilaku. Keluarga yang agamis, sehat, sejahtera, dan harmonis memberikan pengaruh positif kepatuhan beragama seseorang.
Abstrak: This study discusses the Post-Conflict of South Lampung, seeing that the more frequent and easy our people explode with anger without being accompanied by ratios and common sense, so that anger is resolved in an anarchist manner in the form of murder, destruction and even massacre. Moral destructive events and even the dimensions of ethnicity, religion and culture should not be repeated again, it is feared that the Indonesian people will become a sick society that does not prioritize peace and mutual interests and the sick community because this country is increasingly populated by citizens with bad images that are not civilized society. The author uses a qualitative design of sampling. This paper presents alternatives in building a process of post-conflict social communication to build tolerance, inclusiveness and respect for plurality and communicative dialogue between people by creating harmonious relations between religious communities with approaches to strengthening noble values that are packaged with local government policies by giving authority to legal apparatus for violations that occur and facilitate cultural and community leaders in the context of the conflict space peace agreement to the lower community so that the community can maintain and maintain plurality by being able to live side by side.
الملخص: بحثت هذه الدراسة في الوضع بعد الصراع في لامبونج الجنوبية، نظرا إلى سهولة وسرعة نشوء غضب المجتمع وتكرّر وقوعه دون أن يشاركه تفكير سليم صحيح منهم، حتى أدى هذا الغضب إلى اتخاذ أسلوب العنف – في التغلب عليه – كالقتل والتدمير بل وقتل الناس. والمفروض أن لا تقع هذه الوقائع المفسدة للأخلاق ثانية، بل ويدخل فيها بعد القبيلة، والدين والثقافة . وخِيف أن يكون المجتمع الأندونيسي مجتمعا مريضا لا يهتم بالأمن والسلامة والشؤون الجماعية، ويكون مريضا لكثرة المواطنين المتّسمين بسيمة سيّئة (مجتمع غير مدني). استخدم الباحث في هذا البحث المنهج الكيفي وأخذ العيّنة. حاولت هذه الدراسة عرض الاختيارات في بناء التواصل الإجتماعي بعد النزاع وهي بثّ روح التسامح، والانفتاح، والاعتبار بوجود التعددية واستمرارية بناء التواصل بين الأمم أو المجتمعات على أساس التراحم فيما بينهم بمدخل تقوية القيم الكريمة في ضوء قرارات الحكومة المحلية بإعطاء السلطة لرجال القضاء على جميع أشكال انتهاك القانون وتوظيف رجال الثقافة والمجتمع في سياق اتفاق السلام حتى المجتمع عامة كي يحافظوا على التعدّدية ويعيشوا آمنين فيما بينهم.
Abstrakt: Kajian ini membahas tentang Pasca Konflik Lampung Selatan, melihat semakin sering dan mudahnya masyarakat kita meledak amarahnya tanpa diiringi dengan rasio dan akal sehat, sehingga amarah tersebut diselesaikan dengan cara anarkis yang berupa pembunuhan, perusakan bahkan pembantaian. Seharusnya kejadian-kejadian yang merusak moral bahkan membawa dimensi suku, agama dan budaya ini tidak terulang kembali justru dikhawatirkan masyarakat Indonesia menjadi masyarakat sakit yang tidak mengedepankan kedamaian dan kepentingan bersama serta masyarakat sakit karena negeri ini semakin banyak dihuni oleh warga dengan citra buruk yang tidak civilized society. Penulis menggunakan rancangan kualitatif pengambilan sampel. Tulisan ini memaparkan alternatif dalam membangun proses komunikasi social pasca konflik membangun sikap toleran, inklusif dan menghargai pluralitas serta komunikatif melakukan dialog antar umat yaitu dengan menciptakan keharmonisan hubungan antar umat beragama dengan pendekatan penguatan nilai-nilai luhur yang dikemas dengan kebijakan pemerintah setempat dengan memberikan kewenangan kepada para aparat hukum atas pelanggaran yang terjadi dan memfasilitasi tokoh-tokoh budaya dan masyarakat pada konteks ruang konflik kesepakatan damai hingga masyarakat bawah sehingga masyarakat dapat menjaga dan merawat kemajemukan dengan bisa hidup berdampingan.
Religion plays a crucial role in the critical dimension of Pasolini’s movies (The Gospel according to St-Matthew, Teorema, Medea, Notes for an African Oresteia, and others). Yet the religion performed there is a thoroughly ‘pagan’ religion, a religion that is itself not critical at all. The question to be raised is why Pasolini does not refer to the ‘monotheistic’ kind of religion, which is critical – and even religion critical – in its core. The article tries to develop an answer to that question by means of patient and profound reflection upon Pasolini’s definition of ‘God’ (in Teorema) as “a dream that allows no sleep and from which one cannot waken”.
<em>This article aims to highlight the public criticism of the actors who are involved and/or who involve in the issues surrounding the film Innocence of Moslem (IM). Using appraisal theory of Martin and White, this article focuses on the description of the Indonesian public's view of the IM, by comparing public comments on the Internet. Three groups of public comments are used as data sources, the comments on the news that there are three in www.antaranews.com and www.liputan.com. The comments are classified based on the theory appraisal that includes emotional, ethical, and aesthetic. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that affectively, Indonesian public attitudes towards the IM movie is divided into three types, ie, negative, neutral and positive. Negative attitudes are most prevalent attitude among the public of Indonesia (75%), neutral assessment (12%) and positive ratings (13%). Affect which emerged as a reaction to the IM into the category of "displeasure," the disappointed and angry as the two emotions that fall in the negative category. From the aspect of ethics, attitude in "makes the movie" is considered by the Indonesian public as having broken the law in Indonesia, such as "the act of defiling religion". In addition, the act has violated Islamic law. From an aesthetic aspect, there are two types of appreciation, the first is compositions negative appreciation, and the second is neutral appreciation</em>
On May 3, 2016, at the International Institute of Islamic Thought’s headquarters
in Herndon, VA, Asaad Al-Saleh (Indiana University; scholar-in-residence,
IIIT) spoke on “ISIS and Islam: How a Terrorist's Ideology Twists
Religion.” He began by asking a question – Is ISIS Islamic or not? – and then
proceeded to give a “simple point of view.” He first drew a distinction between
“Islam” and “Muslim,” which he said is a very problematic thing to do.
“Islam” is the text (i.e., the Qur’an and the Hadith literature). He contended
that the battle with ISIS is mainly textual, for the Qur’an is a “textual container.”
Thus, anything beyond the Qur’an and Hadith texts cannot be considered
purely Islamic, but only a human interpretation of the text. For
example, if we take history, then “Islamic history” is a highly misrepresented
label, for it is only “Muslims” who are participating in “history.” This historical
error dates from the third Islamic century, with the rise of the “Islamic
sciences.”
As ISIS is not textually Islamic, not a revealed entity from the heaven
of Islam, it cannot be labeled “Islamic” without violating the boundaries of
the Qur’an and Hadith. On the second level, if ISIS claims to be a Muslim
body interpreting Islam, then its members are not following the agreed-upon
rules of interpretation. For example, their selective interoperations not only
work against the majority of Muslims, including the scholars of Islam, but
they are also being labeled as “deviant” even by other terrorist groups, such
as al-Qaeda ...
Abstract Comics and graphic novels are increasingly popular today, and there are numerous ways one can incorporate them into the Religious Studies classroom. Using comics is not, however, driven solely by their popularity; rather, the ability to select wide‐ranging theoretical and methodological approaches to comics creates opportunities for instructors to meet their pedagogical goals and course outcomes in exciting new ways. This essay aims to introduce a variety of scholarly resources, as well as a sample of comics rife with religious themes, for instructors considering using comics in the classroom. One can readily adapt the secondary readings, comics, and approaches to fit one's institutional location and pedagogical preferences.