Hasil untuk "Botany"

R. Bierregaard, T. Lovejoy, V. Kapos et al.

Nuria Andrés, José M. Fernández‐Fernández, David Palacios et al.

Gljúfurárjökull, located on the Tröllaskagi Peninsula in northern Iceland, is a small glacier approximately 3.8 km in length. This study analyses the glacier's evolution through a combination of methods including: (i) geomorphological mapping, (ii) Cosmic‐Ray Exposure (CRE) dating, (iii) lichenometry and (iv) palaeoglacier reconstruction (volume, extent and Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA)) for each identified ice‐marginal position. The mean CRE ages obtained are as follows: Glacial Phase 1: no samples available for CRE dating; Glacial Phase 2: 2.6±0.5 ka (n = 2); Glacial Phase 3: 3.2±1.1 ka (n = 7); Glacial Phase 4: 2.5±0.2 ka (n = 2); Glacial Phase 5: between 2.1 ka and a few hundred years. Lichenometry results for surfaces older than 130 years show inconsistencies both internally and in comparison with CRE ages. However, for the most recent glacier margins, lichenometric dates are coherent and align with historical photographic evidence. Accordingly, the ages proposed for glacier marginal positions 6 and 7 are 1899/1904 CE and 1912/1917 CE, respectively, slightly predating position 8, which is documented in aerial photographs from 1946 CE. The millennial‐ to centennial‐scale evolution of Gljúfurárjökull outlined in this study is consistent with the patterns observed in debris‐free glaciers across Tröllaskagi, as well as in many Icelandic and Arctic glaciers. Notably, the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance at Gljúfurárjökull was less extensive than earlier Neoglacial advances, a trend common in the Sub‐Arctic and Arctic regions. Since the end of the LIA, the glacier has experienced a general retreat, interrupted only by a brief advance during the 1980s–1990s—again mirroring broader Arctic glacial behaviour. Overall, this study underscores the high sensitivity of Gljúfurárjökull to climatic fluctuations during the Late Holocene. The application of CRE dating reveals that the glacier's evolution aligns closely with patterns observed in other Icelandic and Arctic glaciers.

Marina Proença Dantas, Carlos Rafael Silva de Oliveira, Natália Ueda Yamaguchi et al.

The growing concern over the environmental impacts caused by plant agriwaste has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives in manufacturing processes. This review explores the valorization of agro-industrial residues, such as those derived from banana, coconut, and pineapple, for example. It highlights their potential to be converted into value-added products, particularly within the textile sectors. Emphasis is given to the environmental and economic benefits of reusing biomass rich in fibers and bioactive compounds while discussing key technological, regulatory, and logistical barriers that still limit large-scale applications. In parallel, it presents recent advances in processing technologies, such as biocomposites and biochar, and the integration of circular economy principles to promote resource efficiency and waste reduction. The analysis also underscores the importance of public policies and financial incentives to drive innovation and ensure the viability of sustainable practices in industrial contexts. The article proposes an ideal circular production flow model that contrasts current linear practices with a regenerative, bio-based alternative. By mapping current challenges and future perspectives, this review expects to contribute to the debate on environmental responsibility, green technologies, and the economic potential of plant residue reuse in manufacturing chains.

Shuang Lv, Jinge Yu, Huaju Yang et al.

The Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau (YKP), a representative ecologically fragile zone, is subject to dual pressures from intensified climate change and anthropogenic activities. The specific mechanisms of how Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) responds to these changes remain unclear, whose relative contributions remain poorly quantified. This study conducts spatiotemporal quantification analysis of NEP dynamics and influencing factors in the YKP from 2001 to 2020, which integrated a linear regression, shifting center of gravity, Mann-Kendall trend test, partial correlation analysis, and random forest. The results showed an enhancement in NEP within the YKP (slope = 2.42 g C·m−2·yr−1, p < 0.05). Overall, climate change and anthropogenic activities contributed 1.86 g C·m−2·yr−1 and 0.76 g C·m−2·yr−1 to NEP variations, respectively. In terms of climate impact, temperature and precipitation are the main drivers affecting vegetation change, while radiation has the least influence. The importance of precipitation on NEP has been increasing by an upward trend, particularly in non-humid regions (slope = 0.31, p < 0.05) and grassland (slope = 0.45, p < 0.05). Besides, although the impact of climate change is dominant throughout the region, in areas affected by anthropogenic activities and climate change, the influence of anthropogenic activities is dominant and has a positive impact on the vegetation growth of YKP and NEP, especially in forest areas. The research elucidates the coupling mechanisms of how anthropogenic activities and climate change drive vegetation dynamics in the YKP region, providing key insights for boosting carbon sink capacity and promoting ecological sustainability.

Qingqing Ye, Na Zhang, Xin Tan et al.

IntroductionIndigofera stachyodes Lindl. is a perennial shrub belonging to the Fabaceae family that has been traditionally utilized as a medicinal plant by ethnic minority groups in Guizhou Province, China. This species exhibits significant ethnopharmacological value in local traditional medicine systems. The plant predominantly inhabits karst mountainous regions characterized by frequent drought stress, which represents a typical harsh habitat for plant growth. Notably, drought conditions particularly impair the establishment and development of I. stachyodes seedlings. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its drought tolerance and adaptive responses remain largely unexplored, warranting further investigation at the molecular level.MethodsWe conducted pot-based water control experiments to subject I. stachyodes seedlings to drought stress treatments (CK, T0, T2). Root tissues from each treatment group were analyzed using transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and metabolomics (LC-MS/GC-MS) approaches to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Through integrated analysis of DEGs and DEMs, we performed KEGG pathway enrichment and constructed co-expression networks to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress responses in the roots of I. stachyodes seedlings.ResultsA total of 11,509 DEGs were detected in the transcriptome. Among them, the CK vs T0 group shared 7,191 DEGs, the CK vs T2 group shared 1,264 DEGs, and the T2 vs T0 group shared 3,054 DEGs. In the metabolome, a total of 622 metabolites were detected. Among them, the CK vs T0 group shared 187 DEMs, the CK vs T2 group shared 127 DEMs, and the T2 vs T0 group shared 86 DEMs. The transcriptome-metabolome analysis revealed that the roots of I. stachyodes seedlings regulate metabolic balance through the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway when subjected to varying degrees of drought stress. Metabolites such as p-coumaric acid, sinapine malate, eugenol, coumestrol, medicarpin, prunin, isosakuranetin, vitexin, gallocatechin, catechin, garbunzol and dihydromyricetin, along with genes including PAL, C4H, COMT, 4CL, CHS, DFR, HIDH, I2’H, IF7GT, IF7MAT, IFR, VR, PTS and IFS are potential key substances that enable the roots of I. stachyodes seedlings to resist drought stress.DiscussionThese results elucidate that the roots of I. stachyodes seedlings can resist drought stress and adapt to drought environments by regulating the expression of genes and the synthesis of metabolites in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways, providing a foundation to facilitate the domestication of wild I. stachyodes.

A. Bell, A. Bryan

Tara A. Enders, L. Strader

J Crance, A Kennedy

North Pacific right whales Eubalaena japonica once numbered in the 10s of 1000s. Today, the eastern population is one of the most endangered large whale stocks in the world. A lack of dedicated surveys and a population in the 10s of animals have resulted in considerable knowledge gaps. Here, we collate all contemporary sightings of eastern North Pacific right whales (ENPRWs) from 2006 through 2023 to investigate possible migratory routes and elucidate important habitat. Sightings in the northern Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and along the west coast of North America have increased. Of the 99 sightings recorded between 2006 and 2023, 58 occurred during the few dedicated ENPRW surveys with simultaneous aerial and vessel platforms. All animals sighted were non-calves. Opportunistic sightings along the California coast were only reported in spring months (February-May). While this timing would coincide with a northward migration from lower latitudes, poor photo quality prevented matching of these animals, making it difficult to determine migratory patterns. Furthermore, there have been no sightings in Hawai’i or Mexico since 1996, and no sightings in the eastern North Pacific off the continental shelf since the 1970s. To date, only 2 animals have been photographically matched from Alaska to more southerly latitudes, and there have been no photographic matches between the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Feeding has been observed throughout their range, suggesting right whales opportunistically feed whenever possible. While their primary migratory destinations remain unknown, these recent sightings provide insight into important ENPRW habitat in Alaska.

P.G. Suraj, R. Hegde, M. Varghese et al.

Growth and wood traits of Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata were compared with India's most widely grown pulpwood, Eucalyptus. Three Leucaena seedlots and sixty-four Leucaena clones selected in plantations established from two Indian land races and a Hawaiian seed source were tested together with five commercial E. camaldulensis clones at two contrasting sites in southern India. At the wetter, irrigated site, the three sources of Leucaena clones had significantly greater 4-year height and similar mean stem diameter to the Eucalyptus clones, while the Leucaena seedlots were slower-growing. At the semi-arid, rainfed site, Eucalyptus grew faster and had better survival than the three sources of Leucaena clones, which again were similar in their performance and superior to the Leucaena seedlots. Basic densities, determined from breast-height wood cores, of 4-year-old Leucaena and Eucalyptus were quite similar (568 and 534 kg m-3 respectively) at the irrigated site, but at the rainfed site Eucalyptus wood density was higher (590 kg m-3), while that of Leucaena was lower (508 kg m-3). The kraft pulp yield (KPY) of Leucaena clones was about 1.5 % higher than Eucalyptus at both sites; KPYs of both species were 1.8 % lower at the rainfed than the irrigated site. Leucaena fibres were 31 % and 39 % longer and 65 % and 58 % wider than Eucalyptus, at the irrigated and rainfed sites respectively, and had lower cell wall proportions. Differences among Leucaena clones were significant for growth traits and for most wood and fibre traits, indicating the potential for selecting fast-growing Leucaena clones with improved wood properties. Clonal Leucaena plantations can serve as a productive and complementary pulpwood crop to Eucalyptus in southern India, increasing the yield and strength of blended pulps.

M. Hanikenne, Frédéric Bouché

This article comments on: Stanton C, Rodríguez-Celma J, Krämer U, Sanders D, Balk J. 2023. BRUTUS-LIKE (BTSL) E3 ligase-mediated fine-tuning of Fe regulation negatively affects Zn tolerance of Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5767–5782.

T. Münkemüller, Laure Gallien, Laura J. Pollock et al.

1University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, University Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France 2Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada 3Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 4Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy 5Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 6Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 7Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 8Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 9CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 10Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic 11Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany 12Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

I. Hedberg

U. Steiner

DNA is the hereditary material presents in all the cells of the body. This molecule presents some characterizes, as VNTR, unique present in different individual. This is a key in the development of some techniques, in this case DNA fingerprinting. This procedure has simple steps that we will review in this work. DNA fingerprinting technique has become an important tool for scientific research, we will review some applications in fields like forensic investigations and parentage testing, moreover how this technique has revolutionized and evolved in areas as Anthropological genetics, botany and zoology.

Pan Zeng, Xianhong Ge, Zaiyun Li

Serial monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) provide an ideal system to elucidate the transcriptomic interactions between the alien chromosomes and recipient genome under aneuploidy. Herein, five available <i>Brassica oleracea-nigra</i> MAALs (CCB1, CCB4, CCB5, CCB6, CCB8), their derived <i>B. oleracea</i> plants (non-MAALs), and two parents were analyzed for their gene expressions by using high-throughput technology. Compared to parental <i>B. oleracea</i>, all MAALs showed various numbers of DEGs, but CCB8 gave much higher DEGs; the number of downregulated DEGs was slightly higher than the number of upregulated ones, except for in relation to CCB8. All derived <i>B. oleracea</i> plants also gave certain numbers of DEGs, despite these being much lower than in the respective MAALs. Compared to <i>B. nigra</i>, in all five MAALs more DEGs were downregulated than upregulated. <i>Trans</i>-effects were likely more prevailing than <i>cis</i>-effects, and these DEGs were predominantly associated with material transport by dysregulating the cellular component. Meanwhile, the orthologous genes on alien chromosomes could only play a feeble compensatory role for those gene pairs in C-subgenome, and different levels of the expressed genes had a greater tendency towards downregulation. These results revealed transcriptional aneuploidy response patterns between two genomes and suggested that <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-mechanisms synergistically regulated alien gene transcriptions after distant hybridization.

Bhusari Sachin, Sah Parvindar M., Lakkakula Jaya et al.

Throughout history, the utilization of plant products as medicinal remedies has been widespread, with numerous modern drugs finding their origins in the plant kingdom. Taxol, derived from Taxus species, stands out as an exceptional and highly potent anticancer medication. In this study, we present a rapid one-pot synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaves of Taxus wallichiana Zucca in the presence of sunlight. The synthesized AgNPs were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC Q-TOF. The AgNPs were further investigated for their antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiurolithi properties. The anticancer activity was assessed through a sulforhodamine B assay conducted on the MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell line and SiHa human cervical cancer cell line. The findings of this study reveal the impressive antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiurolithi characteristics exhibited by AgNPs synthesized from leaf extracts. This research highlights an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to producing AgNPs by utilizing plant extracts as reducing agents, underscoring the immense potential of natural resources in advancing nanotechnology and its applications.

Joana Marques, Frederico Santarém, José Carlos Brito

During lichenological fieldwork along the coast of the Atlantic Sahara, Morocco, we collected some remarkably long lobed “Caloplaca” specimens, which turned out to be Stellarangia namibensis. This is the first record of this species in the northern hemisphere, and represents a significant extension of the known range of a lichen previously thought to be endemic to the Namib Desert.

A. D. Boney

B. Salehi, S. Albayrak, Hubert Antolak et al.

Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.

L. Erdős, Didem Ambarlı, O. Anenkhonov et al.

1Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary 2Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, Konuralp, Turkey 3Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia 4Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 5Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary 6Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 7College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China 8Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria 9Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran 10Department of Biology, I. G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University, Bryansk, Russia 11MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary

Sayka Jahan, V. Strezov