Hasil untuk "Biography"

Yuting Hu, Yuan Nan

Biographical literature for Chinese children has become a lively meeting point for reflection on schooling aims, literary craft, and the book market. This article analyzes a purposeful corpus of 24 titles published in mainland China from 2013 to 2024, using multimodal textual analysis and narrative ethics. We also situate the readings with policy documents, trade coverage, and verified-purchase reviews. The study shows that composition, color, rhythm, and QR linked features coordinate image and text to invite inference rather than impose a slogan, guiding the reader’s attention across the pages while leaving the sequence of biographical events unchanged. It also shows that the cast of protagonists has widened to include both women and men across science, medicine, the arts, writing, sport, and transnational lives; within mixed series, female excellence is normalized, with paratexts positioning global feminist titles around notions of diligence and contribution. Finally, the books’ uptake follows recognizable patterns shaped by national reading lists, awards, school procurement, and consumer cues: authority-led projects build a durable presence for themselves through institutional trust, while topical heroes rise and fade with the cycles of news, and low-price entry editions provide increasing recognition, despite thinner qualitative evaluations. Together, these patterns clarify how educational policy, publishing practice, and multimodal design work together to support ethical reflection (with a moral address that is to be inferred through page architecture and paratexts rather than through the issuing of maxims) and sustained engagement. The study proposes a way to read Chinese biographies for children as both literary artifacts and market-shaped pedagogy, and points to the next steps to be taken in classroom observation and born-digital formats, such as interactive biographies delivered via apps or platforms.

V. V. Kondrashin

The article is devoted to the analysis of creative heritage of outstanding Russian agricultural historian Viktor Petrovich Danilov. It considers the most significant events in the scientific life of the historian, evaluates his contribution to the study of the agrarian history of Russia and the promotion of historical knowledge. It is concluded that the most important achievement in the creative biography of the historian was the organization of international projects for the publication of archival documents in the early 1990-ies: «Peasant Revolution in Russia», «Soviet Village through the Eyes of the Cheka – OGPU – NKVD», «Rural Russia in the XX Century. Historical and Sociological Study of Russian Villages», «Modern Concepts of Agrarian Development». As a result, new knowledge was obtained on the history of the peasantry of Russia in the first half of the XX century, and as part of the work on the projects, agricultural historians were trained who currently occupy leading positions in modern agrarian historiography.

Massimo Fusillo, Mirko Lino

This article explores the interrelation between music, image, and narrative in Werner Herzog’s cinema through the conceptual metaphor of spectrality. Herzog’s films construct an “acoustic vision,” where music does not merely accompany images but unlocks their latent meanings, creating a tension between the visible and the audible. From his early linguistic experiments in Last Words (1967) and Precautions Against Fanatics (1968) to later works such as Signs of Life (1968), Fitzcarraldo (1982), La Soufrière (1977), and Lessons of Darkness (1992), Herzog’s cinema reveals a complex interplay between sound, image, and narrative structure. The study examines how music transforms language into sonic substance and how it shapes visionary, dreamlike, and ecstatic film forms. Special focus is given to Gesualdo – Death for Five Voices (1995), where Herzog’s investigation of Carlo Gesualdo’s avant-garde music and tormented biography exemplifies his ecstatic method. In this experimental documentary, spectrality emerges both through the depiction of Gesualdo’s haunted existence and the transmedial performance of Maria D’Avalos’ ghost. This spectral figure is embodied by the Italian artist Milva, whose performance transcends simple dramatization: Milva becomes a liminal presence, weaving together historical memory, mythic resonance, and musical interpretation. Through her voice and body, the lost figure of Maria D’Avalos is not only evoked but reanimated within the film’s hybrid space between documentary and fiction, thus highlighting the intermedial nature of Herzog’s project. The analysis shows how Herzog’s use of musical and visual counterpoints generates a dense intermedial texture, blending history, myth, and performance. Ultimately, Herzog’s cinema reveals a haunted, visionary poetics rooted in the dynamic synergy of sound and image, where the auditory and the visual are entwined along the same sensory continuum.

Anzhela A. Zhurtova

The article studies scientific papers published by A.P. Bergerbin in the magazine «Russkaya Starina». The author collaborated with the editors of this journal for fourteen years (1872–1886) and prepared for it dozens of documentary collections and articles dedicated to the problem of Russian-Caucasian relations in the 16th-19th centuries, as well as various issues of the history and culture of the Caucasian peoples.Most of the archival materials published by the historian constitute paperwork and memoirs of military-political and public figures known in the Caucasus. Among them are orders and correspondence of P.D. Tsitsianov, I.V. Gudovich, A.P. Tormasov, A.P. Ermolov, I.V. Paskevich and others. The bulk of the research of A.P. Berger published by the «Russkaya Starina» is devoted to the policy of the Russian military administration in the region, various problems of the accession of the Caucasian peoples to Russia, etc. Part of the scientist’s works is devoted to the study of the facts of the biography of famous historical personalities, one way or another, related to the Caucasus. Among them, the writer and diplomat A.S. Griboedov, Iranian Shah Feth-Ali-Shah, his grandson Khosrov-Mirza, Caucasian governor N.I. Muravyov, Lieutenant General N.P. Kolyubakin and others.In the articles of A.P. Berger, presented in the journal «Russkaya Starina», were acquired new research areas of Caucasian. Its support on an extensive source base contributed to the development of the scientific method and the formation of the domestic Caucasia foundations.

Мясников Николай Станиславович

В статье рассматриваются вопросы археологии города Чебоксары. Дается краткая характеристика расположения города, сведения о его названии, возникновении и основных этапах развития. Отдельные разделы работы посвящены вопросам постановки на государственный учет археологических памятников в пределах границ г. Чебоксары и границам культурного слоя города. Дается характеристика основным этапам археологического изучения города, делаются выводы о степени изученности и основным проблемам в исследовании Чебоксар. Уделяется внимание организации и проведению охранных археологических исследований в городской черте. В плане методики проведения раскопок в антропогенной среде обсуждаются понятие «балластного» слоя, способы фиксации, выборка объектов. Методические аспекты работы с материалом касаются выделения массовых и индивидуальных находок, вопросов их хранения. Рассматриваются варианты внедрения (инвенции) археологических объектов в историко-культурную и архитектурно-художественную среду (музеефикация археологических объектов) г. Чебоксары.

Oliver R. Baker

Claims that Herodotus reveals himself as a proto-biographer are not yet widely accepted. To advance this claim, I review his recount of Kleomenes of Sparta (c. 540–c. 490), who finds his kingdom caught in the periphery of the Greco-Persian conflict, and whose activities over a thirty-year reign are recorded in the Histories. It is to Heraclitus to whom we attribute the maxim—character is human destiny. It is the truth of this maxim—which implies effective human agency—that makes Herodotus’ creation of historical narrative possible. He is often read for his off-topic vignettes, which color-in the character of the individuals depicted without necessarily advancing his narrative. But by leapfrogging through five of the nine books of the Histories, we can assemble a largely continuous narrative for this remarkable Spartan ruler. This narrative permits us to attribute both credit and moral responsibility for his actions. Arguably, this implied causation demonstrates that Herodotus’ writings include much that amounts to proto-biography.

Miodrag Popović

Matthew’s story of Jesus shows striking similarities to Greek biographies and ancient writings describing famous rulers, their miraculous births, gloriously won wars, deaths, and deification. Matthew’s work was first given the appearance of a biography by the story of the birth of Jesus which is found at the very beginning of the Gospel. It contains numerous motifs that are widespread in the wider ancient literature: the motif of the birth of a child announced by angels, prophets, or heavenly phenomena; the motif of a miraculous birth; the motif of the persecuted royal child. It shows that in the description of the birth of Jesus, Matthew was significantly close to some ancient models; the question is: whether consciously or unconsciously. Answering the question adequately is possible only after looking at the literary content, the motif parallels between the story of the birth of Jesus in the Gospel according to Matthew and the stories of miraculous births in ancient literature. Of the utmost importance is certainly the conclusion that although it is possible to make comparisons between Matthew’s Infancy Gospel and many ancient stories about miraculous births, the motif of the Holy Spirit in Matthew’s story of Jesus’ conception and birth is an early Christian concept that should point to the unique action of God throughout Jesus’ life, so that there is no corresponding parallel in the surrounding world. For the members of Matthew’s community, Jesus’ entire earthly life was designed from his very birth. The Spirit at Jesus’ birth is the same prophetic Spirit that led Jesus into ministries at baptism, like the prophet Jeremiah and other Old Testament prophets. Nevertheless, that Spirit made Jesus’ conception possible and, for Matthew and his community, Jesus was the first and the last born of the Holy Spirit, the incarnated Son of God.

Danny Praet

This chapter assesses the special relationship between the ancient genre of biography and the religious phenomenon of holy men. Spiritual biographies are performative texts: there are many examples of characters who were established as holy men by the texts written about them. Some of these were totally invented by the authors, others lived in such a distant past or the information was so scarce or the intention of the authors were of such a nature that nothing can be accepted as historically reliable. These texts were written to serve a purpose: examples for moral mimesis, establishment of spiritual or philosophical authority, or the promotion of a cult with all its implications of power and wealth. There is no formal unity: spiritual biographies exist in prose and in verse, in narrative and in dialogue-form, as letters and speeches, they can be very short and very long, and contain many or few miracles.

Gabriela Augustyniak-Żmuda

Linguistic Diversity of People Resettled from the Former Eastern Provinces of the Second Polish Republic: Phonetics This article is a summary of a sociolinguistic study conducted in the northern part of the Lubusz region in 2009–2019. The study concerned the linguistic diversity of people resettled after 1945 from the former eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic to the Lubusz region. The informants were people from the oldest generation who were born between 1911 and 1942 in the former Polish administrative provinces in the east of pre-war Poland: Wilno (Vilnius), Nowogródek (Navahrudak), Polesia, Volhynia, Tarnopol (Ternopil), Lwów (Lviv), Stanisławów (today: Ivano-Frankivsk) and Białystok. As described, the interdisciplinary nature of the study required the use of several research methods: field research, biographical interview, linguistic biography, grounded theory, and methods of idiolect analysis (quantitative analysis). On the basis of the collected sociolinguistic material, the interlocutors are classified according to their self-declared primary language prior to the resettlement. This means that the linguonyms used in the article come from the language of the respondents. Accordingly, the following groups are distinguished: speakers of (1) Ukrainian and Polish, (2) Belarusian and Polish, (3) Polish and Belarusian, (4) Polish and Ukrainian, (5) Polish and Khakhlak. Based on a quantitative analysis, the article presents the linguistic diversity in the Lubusz region.   Różnorodność językowa przesiedleńców z dawnych wschodnich województw II Rzeczypospolitej. Fonetyka Artykuł jest podsumowaniem socjolingwistycznych badań prowadzonych na terenie północnej części województwa lubuskiego w latach 2009–2019. Badania dotyczyły różnorodności językowej wśród osób przesiedlonych po 1945 r. z dawnych wschodnich województw II Rzeczypospolitej do regionu lubuskiego. Moimi rozmówcami były osoby urodzone w latach 1911–1942 na terenie województw: wileńskiego, nowogródzkiego, poleskiego, wołyńskiego, tarnopolskiego, lwowskiego, stanisławowskiego i białostockiego. Charakter interdyscyplinarnych badań wymagał wykorzystania kilku metod badawczych. W artykule można znaleźć opis metody badań terenowych, metody wywiadu biograficznego, metody biografii językowej, metody teorii ugruntowanej oraz metody analizy idiolektów (analizy ilościowej). Na podstawie zebranego materiału socjolingwistycznego klasyfikowałam rozmówców według deklaracji wskazanego przez nich języka prymarnego przed przesiedleniem. Oznacza to, że lingwonimy użyte w artykule pochodzą z języka respondentów. W taki sposób wyróżniłam grupę deklarującą mówienie 1) po ukraińsku i polsku, 2) po białorusku i polsku, 3) po polsku i białorusku, 4) po polsku i ukraińsku oraz 5) po polsku i chachłacku. Na podstawie analizy ilościowej przedstawiam w artykule różnorodność językową w regionie lubuskim.

Saša Brajović

The paper analyzes the painting by Josip Lalić Kiss of Perast, created around 1930 for the Associazione Nazionale Dalmata in Rome, according to its copy in the Perast Museum in Montenegro. Il bacio di Perasto summarizes the artist’s complex biography, his oeuvre and ideological strongholds, as well as the tradition of Italian history painting of the 19th century. While contemporary Italian literature to a certain extent presents this painting as a symbol of historical, ideological and cultural continuity, in this paper it is interpreted as a pseudo-history construct based on the political agenda of the time in which it was created.

Olena Tytar

Purpose of the article is to identify the components of creative method and anthropology of Shakespeare’s theater, to compare Shakespeare’s theater to Baroque theater, to analyze various conceptions of Shakespeare. Methods: hermeneutic, cultural anthropology, historical and cultural, analytical, psychoanalysis. From philosophical and anthropological positions, creative method and creative works of W. Shakespeare have been analyzed, a strong connection of theater and philosophy of Shakespeare’s theater with Baroque theater has been revealed (mysticism, fabulousness, hyperrealism, formal features are replaced by effective ones, usage of parable and utopia (image of King Lear in particular), motives of vanitas (vanity), duality of the world, allegory, «figureness»). Shakespeare suggests a new philosophy of theater based on elimination of borders between reality and art, «baroqueivisation», theatricalization of reality, masks are used as symbols of a real person without distorting it but rather revealing his or her deepest essence, sincerity. It is also reflected in understanding of Shakespeare’s authorship problem where mask of a clown and a buffoon are used in order to convey the deepest and most philosophical thoughts to society. Baroque reform of the theater suggested by Shakespeare, reduces theater to universal anthropological model both synchronically and diachronically. Theater runs around the actor, not only art but life of the universe is carried out via actor. This new philosophy of theater cannot be considered only within the «culture of meanings» (G.U. Gumbrecht) but on principle is within the limits of «culture of presence», which helps to understand the ideological idea of Shakespeare’s theater, to view biography and personality of Shakespeare in a new way because Shakespearean Studies was within the culture of meanings and tried to consider only the hidden codes and symbols of Shakespeare’s theater. Beyond these philosophical hermeneutics remained the transforming, effective power of Shakespeare’s theater. Humanization of theater also takes place: based on the old Antique form a new humanistic content is built, where much attention is paid to «life of soul», love, kindness, wits, passion, vengeance, etc., sinfulness of a soul and its ability to clear of evil. Theatre is considered to be not an external spectacle but a deep instrument of immersion in life of a soul and its gradual growth. Since theater is the whole world (in philosophy of culture it can also be identified with the formation of «Faustian soul» (O. Spengler), «Faustian spirit» focused on the infinite formation, the infinity of space), it requires the creation of a corresponding dictionary because the word itself becomes a word-action. A special role of allegory genre for philosophy of Shakespeare’s theater is considered, his philosophy is compared to philosophy of F. Bacon.

C. Riessman

Michael R. Hayse, J. E. Young

W. Provine

Beverley F. Ronalds

Born 200 years ago, Edmund Ronalds (1819–1889) obtained his doctorate in Germany under Liebig, became a professor at Queen’s College Galway and ran the little-studied but significant Bonnington Chemical Works in Edinburgh. His few mentions in the modern literature relate generally to the legacies of his actual and assumed academic supervisors of renown, yet his hitherto unknown mentors included family members and the important chemists Graham, Magnus, Tennant and Tennent. The novelty of his shift from university to manufacture has also been noted. With the aid of little-known primary sources, this biography details the evolution of Ronalds’ career, exploring the context and influences for his diverse accomplishments and in particular the new and successful ways he bridged academia and industry through technological education and industrial research.

Mariola Szydłowska, Monika Chudzikowska

Andrzej Pronaszko’s text in the current issue of Pamiętnik Teatralny is a previously unpublished account of the artist participation in the defence of Lvov in 1918. It is a part of the memoirs written by the artist in the 1950s, the manuscript of which is being kept in the collection of the Theatre Museum in Warsaw. Among other things, Pronaszko recalls how he fought for the Citadel and Main Post Office, how he helped to stop a military’s drinking bout in a villa in Sykstuska Street, and how, in recognition of his merits, he was sent to the critical Bem Sector with the mission to establish order and discipline among the soldiers. He also claims that he took command of the left wing and managed to regain possession of the Wolność (Freedom) Street. Andrzej Pronaszko’s notes are a valuable source for his biography and an addition to historical studies and literature devoted to the Defence of Lvov. They require, however, critical reading and careful comparison with other historical sources.

Prue Chamberlayne, J. Bornat, Tom Wengraf

E. Morris

Matthew S. Wiseman

L. Zhmud, Kevin Windle, R. Ireland