With an aim towards understanding the time-dependence of entanglement entropy in generic quantum field theories, we propose a covariant generalization of the holographic entanglement entropy proposal of hep-th/0603001. Apart from providing several examples of possible covariant generalizations, we study a particular construction based on light-sheets, motivated in similar spirit to the covariant entropy bound underlying the holographic principle. In particular, we argue that the entanglement entropy associated with a specified region on the boundary in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence is given by the area of a co-dimension two bulk surface with vanishing expansions of null geodesics. We demonstrate our construction with several examples to illustrate its reduction to the holographic entanglement entropy proposal in static spacetimes. We further show how this proposal may be used to understand the time evolution of entanglement entropy in a time varying QFT state dual to a collapsing black hole background. Finally, we use our proposal to argue that the Euclidean wormhole geometries with multiple boundaries should be regarded as states in a non-interacting but entangled set of QFTs, one associated to each boundary.
Abstract In the course of closing supersymmetry on parallel M2 branes up to a gauge transformation, following the suggestion in [J. Bagger, N. Lambert, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 045020, hep-th/0611108 ] of incorporating a gauge field which only has topological degrees of freedom, we are led to assume a certain algebraic structure for the low energy theory supposedly living on parallel M2 branes.
We revisit the singular IIB supergravity solution describing M-fractional 3-branes on the conifold [hep-th/0002159]. Its 5-form flux decreases, which we explain by showing that the relevant = 1 SUSY SU(N+M) × SU(N) gauge theory undergoes repeated Seiberg-duality transformations in which N→N−M. Far in the IR the gauge theory confines; its chiral symmetry breaking removes the singularity of [hep-th/0002159] by deforming the conifold. We propose a non-singular pure-supergravity background dual to the field theory on all scales, with small curvature everywhere if the `t Hooft coupling gsM is large. In the UV it approaches that of [hep-th/0002159], incorporating the logarithmic flow of couplings. In the IR the deformation of the conifold gives a geometrical realization of chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We suggest that pure = 1 Yang-Mills may be dual to strings propagating at small gsM on a warped deformed conifold. We note also that the standard model itself may lie at the base of a duality cascade.
Abstract We study fully BPS and a broad class of half-BPS stationary configurations of four-dimensional Euclidean N = 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ supergravity with higher-derivative interactions. Working within the off-shell conformal supergravity framework of de Wit and Reys (arXiv:1706.04973), we analyse the complete set of Killing spinor equations and obtain the corresponding algebraic and differential constraints. We further derive the Euclidean attractor equations and evaluate the Wald entropy for the fully BPS AdS2 × S 2 background. For half-BPS stationary configurations, we obtain the generalized stabilization equations expressing all fields in terms of harmonic functions on three-dimensional flat base space, extending the Lorentzian analysis of Cardoso et al. ( hep-th/0009234 ) to the Euclidean signature. Our results provide a framework for studying supersymmetric saddles and computing the gravitational indices entirely within Euclidean higher-derivative supergravity, without recourse to analytic continuation.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract The holographic heavy quark potential is investigated via holographic Wilson loops in the AdS soliton with gauge potential. We analyze two types of holographic Wilson loops. In the first type, holographic heavy quark potential shows the area law behavior. In the second type, the potential becomes zero at a critical length and physics analogous to the dissociation occurs. The mass of heavy quarkonia and the binding energy are examined. Lastly, the mass of 0++ glueball-like operators dual to massless dilaton is calculated. The mass of 0++ glueball-like operator decreases with increase of the gauge potential as expected in arXiv:2309.03491 [hep-th]. The results are comparable with lattice QCD.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract Objective Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) is a very common technique for coronal angular deformity of the knee in children, especially non‐idiopathic. However, there is currently a dearth of comparative research on the hinge eight‐plate (HEP) and traditional eight‐plate (TEP). This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and implant‐related complication rates of TH using TEP and HEP for non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformity, as well as to identify clinical factors affecting correction velocity. Methods We retrospectively observed a consecutive series of patients with non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformity of the knee who underwent TH using HEP or TEP and completed the deformity correction process from July 2016 to July 2022. According to the kind of eight plates, we divided those patients into the HEP group and the TEP treatment group. Relevant clinical factors, including the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), screw divergence angle (SDA), angle of plate and screw (APS), hinge angle of HEP (HA), and the knee zone location of the lower extremity mechanical axis, were documented. Additionally, deformity correction velocity, complications, and clinical efficacy were assessed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi‐squared test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon test, while continuous variables were evaluated using the t‐test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There were 29 patients in the HEP treatment group (seven girls and 22 boys) and 33 patients (12 girls and 21 boys) in the TEP treatment group. In all, 91.86% (79/86 knees) of the genu angular deformities were completely corrected, 6.98% (6/86 knees) had the overcorrection condition, and 10.47% (9/86 knees) had screw loosening. The swayback HEP rate was 11.29% (7/62 HEPs), which was related to the screw loosening in the HEP group (p < 0.001). The overall correction velocities and screw divergence angle change speeds in the HEP group were all significantly faster than those in the TEP group (p < 0.05). The initial APS of the HEP implanted was higher than that of TEP (p < 0.01), and multisite changes of APS during deformity correction of the HEP group were smaller than that of the TEP group. Conclusion HEP proved to be an appropriate device for TH for non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformities of the knee with high correction velocity in children. Avoiding the occurrence of the swayback phenomenon may reduce the complications of HEP.
Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar, Jhony A. Herrera-Mendoza, Daniel F. Higuita-Borja
et al.
Abstract We investigate novel exact solutions to an Einstein–Maxwell theory non-minimally coupled to a self-interacting dilaton-like scalar. Extending the results of Herrera-Aguilar et al. (Phys. Rev. D 103(12):124025, 2021. arXiv:2012.13412 [hep-th]; arXiv:2110.04445 [hep-th]), we report three families of exact configurations over a non-relativistic Schrödinger background with both, arbitrary dynamical critical exponent z and hyperscaling violating parameter $$\theta $$ θ in any dimension d. Concretely, we provide field configurations with hyperscaling violation which are locally Schrödinger spaces. Our solutions correspond to three kinds: a zero-temperature background, a naked singularity and, more interestingly, a family of black holes. To the latter, we construct the corresponding Carter–Penrose diagram with a view to understand their causal structure given the non-standard background. We show that a non-trivial hyperscaling violation parameter $$\theta $$ θ is necessary in order to support a real non-constant dilaton field in the configuration. We explore how the relation between the hyperscaling violation parameter and the critical dynamical exponent determine, in combination with the spacetime dimension, the kinematic aspects of the fields. A further refinement on the physically sensible configurations is obtained from the study of the null energy conditions. We provide a thorough study of the thermodynamics including the quasi-local computation of charges and the verification of the first law. We explore the effects in the thermodynamics from varying the rich parameter space, paying special attention in comparing the qualitative behavior of the thermodynamics of the scalar-free solutions and the ones with a nontrivial dilaton. Lastly, it is found that if the reality condition is loosen up on the scalar, the configuration is prone to acquiring a scalar charge.
Astrophysics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract We investigate the vector meson’s gravitational form factors (GFFs) and generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at finite temperatures within the soft-wall AdS/ QCD model. The plotted soft-wall GFFs graphs at zero temperature are close to the hard-wall results (Abidin and Carlson in Phys. Rev. D 77:095007, arXiv:0801.3839 [hep-th], 2008). The dependence on temperature of the GFFs and GPDs is studied using the thermal dilaton approach in the soft-wall model. Plots of thermal GFFs show that they decrease in temperature increase. Also, the gravitational radius of $$\rho $$ ρ meson decreases in temperature growth and becomes zero around the critical temperature $$T_c=0.2 \mathrm{\ GeV}$$ T c = 0.2 GeV . GPDs at zero skewness are plotted and analyzed at zero and finite temperature cases.
Astrophysics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract We start by revisiting the problem of finding BPS solutions in N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SU (2) × SU (2) gauged supergravity. We report on a new supersymmetric solution in the Abelian sector of the theory, which describes a soliton that is regular everywhere. The solution is 1/4 BPS and can be obtained from a double analytic continuation of a planar solution found by Klemm in hep-th/9810090. Also in the Abelian sector, but now for a spherically symmetric ansatz we find a new solution whose supersymmetric nature was overlooked in the previous literature. Then, we move to the non-Abelian sector of the theory by considering the meron ansatz for SU (2). We construct electric-meronic and double-meron solutions and show that the latter also leads to 1/4 BPS configurations that are singular and acquire an extra conformal Killing vector. We then move beyond the supergravity embedding of this theory by modifying the self-interaction of the scalar, but still within the same meron ansatz for a single gauge field, which is dilatonically coupled with the scalar. We construct exact black holes for two families of self-interactions that admit topologically Lifshitz black holes, as well as other black holes with interesting causal structures and asymptotic behavior. We analyze some thermal properties of these spacetimes.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Introduction: Data on the associations between capillaroscopic changes and diagnostic systemic-sclerosis (SSc)-related antibodies are scarce. Presence of such correlation would improve current knowledge about the disease’s pathogenesis by revealing the mechanisms of microangiopathy. The microvascular pathology of SSc is a hallmark of the disease, and immunological abnormalities probably contribute to its development. Patients and methods: 19 patients with definite diagnosis of SSc were included in the current pilot study; 16 had limited and 3 had diffuse cutaneous involvement; their mean age was 51.56 ± 15.07 years. All patients exhibited symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon of the fingers. A “scleroderma” type capillaroscopic pattern was classified according to the staging suggested by Cutolo et al. (2000): “early”, “active” or ”late” phase. In the presence of different degrees of capillaroscopic changes in different fingers, the most-advanced microvascular pathology was chosen for classification. In cases without capillaroscopic features of microangiopathy, the findings were categorized as normal or nonspecific (dilated, tortuous capillaries, and/or hemorrhages). Indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells was performed as the gold-standard screening method for the detection of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), and determination of the immunofluorescent staining pattern (anti-cell pattern) was in accordance with the International Consensus on ANA Patterns. Scleroderma-associated autoantibodies in the patients’ serum were assessed using line immunoblot assay for detection of autoantibodies to 13 scleroderma-associated autoantigens: Scl-70, CENP A, CENP B, RP11/RNAP-III, RP155/RNAP-III, fibrillarin, NOR-90, Th/To, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75, Ku, PDGFR, and Ro-52. Results: In 73.7% (<i>n</i> = 14) of the examined patients, “scleroderma” type capillaroscopic changes were found, and in 26.3% (<i>n</i> = 5), capillaroscopic features of microangiopathy were absent (nonspecific changes, <i>n</i> = 3; normal findings, <i>n</i> = 2). In SSc patients with positive anti-Scl-70 (<i>n</i> = 7) antibodies, significantly lower mean capillary density was observed along with a higher frequency of “active” and “late” phase capillaroscopic changes as compared to the anti-Scl-70-negative patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Anti-RNAP III–155 positive patients (<i>n</i> = 4) had significantly higher mean capillary density than anti-RNAP III–155 negative patients (<i>n</i> = 15). In three of the anti-RNAP III–155-positive cases, capillaroscopic features of microangiopathy were not detected, and in one case there was an “early” phase “scleroderma” pattern. Conclusion: In the current pilot study, the association between more advanced capillaroscopic changes and the presence of anti-Scl-70 autoantibodies was confirmed. As a novel observation, positive anti-RNAP III–155 antibodies were found in SSc patients with or without early microangiopathy. The question of associations between microvascular changes in SSc and other SSc-related autoantibodies requires further research.
Academic network is a kind of dynamic heterogeneous information network.Community detection on the academic network can dig out the communities of academic subjects and discover the insights contained in the community structure.The exis-ting community detection algorithms ignore the dynamics of the academic network and the special relationship between academic subjects and do not optimize the closeness of the academic community and the relationship between academic communities.This paper proposes a community detection algorithm called DANE-CD based on dynamic academic network representation learning.Firstly,an autoencoder is adopted to represent the academic subject in the academic network.Secondly,the clustering optimization based on modularity and team faultlines is innovatively integrated into the representation learning process.Finally,a dynamic academic network representation model is constructed based on the stacked autoencoder,together with the completion of community detection in the dynamic academic network.Extensive experiments on two real-world academic datasets(DBLP and HEP-TH) demonstrate that DANE-CD is superior to the baseline methods and can detect the academic communities effectively.