Hasil untuk "hep-ph"

Delphine Tomasini

Dieser Artikel zeigt, dass es absolut notwendig ist, die Sprachlernbiografien der Studierenden sowohl am Anfang der Grundausbildung HEP/PH FR als auch im späteren Verlauf zu berücksichtigen. Nach einer kurzen Präsentation des Forschungskontextes fokussiert dieser Beitrag auf die Lernwege von Chiara, Aymeric und Carlo und auf die Kontinuitäten und Brüche, die die drei Studenten zwischen den Lernprozessen an der Schule und den Anforderungen während ihrer Grundausbildung HEP/PH FR in der Vorbereitung auf ihren künftigen Beruf erwarten. Zum Abschluss beleuchtet die Autorin die Beziehung zwischen Sprachlernbiografien als Instrument der beruflichen und persönlichen Weiterbildung und den Vorstellungen über das Fremdsprachenlehren und Lernen am Anfang der Grundausbildung sowie dem Aufbauprozess einer beruflichen Identität.

Audrey Bonvin, Michael Prusse, Natalie Finlayson et al.

Cet article trilingue résume les discussions d’une table ronde portant sur la communication des savoirs entre la recherche et la pratique enseignant·e. Il en ressort qu’une meilleure reconnaissance du temps alloué pour nourrir le dialogue entre pratique et recherche est nécessaire à chaque niveau. Pour la recherche, il s’agit d’anticiper et valoriser le travail de vulgarisation. Dans les écoles, des conditions cadres favorisant la systématisation de ce dialogue encourageraient les enseignant·e·s à s’informer sur les résultats actuels et à contribuer activement au développement des savoirs. Finalement, les formateur·trices·s d’enseignant·e·s peuvent jouer un rôle déterminant en présentant aux (futur·e·s) enseignant·e·s les ressources pertinentes et en leur apprenant à les identifier ainsi qu’en initiant des collaborations entre les différent·e·s acteur·e·s.

Richa Pathak, Garima Chouhan, Abhay Tiwari et al.

Multidrug-resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is gaining recognition as an important diarrheagenic pathogen with enhanced virulence characteristics. In this study, six typical EAEC isolates from clinical and animal sources were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. All isolates demonstrated the characteristic stacked-brick adherence pattern on HEp-2 cells and were positive for key EAEC-associated genes (aggR, cvd432, fimA, ecp, and irp2). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified three isolates as multidrug-resistant (MDR), with resistance observed against antibiotics such as, tetracycline, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. ESBL production was confirmed in MDR strains via double-disc synergy, nitrocefin, and PCR assays targeting blaTEM and blaCTXM9 genes. Under simulated gut stress conditions (bile salts, acidic pH, and oxidative stress), MDR strains exhibited enhanced survival and faster growth kinetics compared to non-MDR strains. Biofilm assays revealed stronger biofilm formation by MDR strains on diverse surfaces, with confocal microscopy confirming greater bio-volume and viability of MDR biofilms. In vivo survival assays using Galleria mellonella larvae showed significantly higher virulence of MDR strains, with increased mortality rates over 96 hours. The findings highlight the enhanced stress tolerance, biofilm-forming capacity, and pathogenicity of MDR-EAEC strains, underscoring their potential role in persistent infections and public health concerns.

Matin Nasirian, Ali Arab-SadeghAbadi, Mohsen Mobini-Dehkordi et al.

Abstract Cancer’s rising global incidence necessitates innovative therapies targeting the unique metabolic vulnerabilities of tumor cells. This study investigates microbial methionine gamma-lyase (MGL), an enzyme that depletes methionine, as a potential anticancer agent. Elevated methionine levels drive tumor progression by promoting S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) synthesis, leading to hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. By reducing methionine availability, MGL may inhibit SAM formation, preserving tumor suppressor function and hindering cancer growth. Three novel Iranian fungal strains—Penicillium flavigenum, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, and Penicillium allii—were identified as MGL producers through ITS sequencing. MGL was purified from P. flavigenum, and its biochemical properties, including stability, optimal pH, and temperature, were characterized, revealing high affinity for L-methionine and strong catalytic efficiency. Expression analysis of apoptotic genes (BCL-2 and caspase-3) demonstrated MGL’s role in enhancing apoptosis. In vitro assays confirmed its effectiveness against breast (MCF-7), liver (Hep G2), leukemia (MOLT-4), and glioblastoma (U87MG) cancer cell lines, with minimal toxicity to normal cells. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of fungal-derived MGL as a novel anticancer agent, highlighting its ability to modulate apoptotic pathways and providing a foundation for future clinical applications.

Văn Hưng Nguyễn, Thanh Tươi Nguyễn, Thị Minh Nguyệt Bùi et al.

Trong nghiên cứu này, vật liệu ZnO/biochar (ZBC) đã được tổng hợp thành công bằng phương pháp thủy phân đơn giản hỗn hợp gồm muối Zn(NO3)2 và sinh khối có nguồn gốc từ thân cây sậy. Vật liệu sau khi tổng hợp được đặc trưng tính chất bởi các phương pháp XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR và UV-Vis-DRS. Sự phân hủy quang xúc tác của doxycycline (DC) được nghiên cứu từ các yếu tố ảnh hưởng của pH và nồng độ. Đặc trưng tính chất cho thấy rằng ZnO được phân tán tốt trên bề mặt biochar. Sự hiện diện của biochar đã giúp cải thiện diện tích bề mặt riêng, thu hẹp năng lượng vùng cấm và tăng cường khả năng hấp thụ ánh sáng ở dải bước sóng rộng hơn của ZnO. Composite ZBC ở tỷ lệ khối lượng ZnO/biochar = 1/0,25 cho hiệu suất phân hủy quang cao nhất, cao hơn khoảng 3,5 lần so với ZnO tinh khiết trong sự phân hủy DC. Nghiên cứu động học cho thấy sự phân hủy DC tuân theo mô hình động học biểu kiến bậc một với hằng số tốc độ kapp = 2,03×10-2 phút-1 ở nồng độ DC 9,0 mg/L. Nghiên cứu cho thấy vật liệu ZBC có nhiều tiềm năng trong việc xử lý nước thải nhiễm kháng sinh.

Li Zhang, Yong‐Yu Yang, Li Xie et al.

Abstract Background and aims Liver regeneration retardation post partial hepatectomy (PH) is a common clinical problem after liver transplantation. Identification of key regulators in liver regeneration post PH may be beneficial for clinically improving the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the function of junctional protein‐associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) in liver regeneration post PH and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Methods JCAD knockout (JCAD‐KO), liver‐specific JCAD‐KO (Jcad△Hep) mice and their control group were subjected to 70% PH. RNA sequencing was conducted to unravel the related signalling pathways. Primary hepatocytes from KO mice were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to evaluate DNA replication. Fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) live‐imaging system was used to visualise the phases of cell cycle. Results Both global and liver‐specific JCAD deficiency postponed liver regeneration after PH as indicated by reduced gene expression of cell cycle transition and DNA replication. Prolonged retention in G1 phase and failure to transition over the cell cycle checkpoint in JCAD‐KO cell line was indicated by a FUCCI live‐imaging system as well as pharmacologic blockage. JCAD replenishment by adenovirus reversed the impaired DNA synthesis in JCAD‐KO primary hepatocyte in exposure to EGF, which was abrogated by a Yes‐associated protein (YAP) inhibitor, verteporfin. Mechanistically, JCAD competed with large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) for WWC1 interaction, leading to LATS2 inhibition and thereafter YAP activation, and enhanced expression of cell cycle‐associated genes. Conclusion JCAD deficiency led to delayed regeneration after PH as a result of blockage in cell cycle progression through the Hippo–YAP signalling pathway. These findings uncovered novel functions of JCAD and suggested a potential strategy for improving graft growth and function post liver transplantation. Key Points JCAD deficiency leads to an impaired liver growth after PH due to cell division blockage. JCAD competes with LATS2 for WWC1 interaction, resulting in LATS2 inhibition, YAP activation and enhanced expression of cell cycle‐associated genes. Delineation of JCADHippoYAP signalling pathway would facilitate to improve prognosis of acute liver failure and graft growth in living‐donor liver transplantation.

Asmaa A. El-Sawah, Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar, Heba E. Eldegla et al.

Abstract Collagen nanoparticles (collagen-NPs) are promising biopolymeric nanoparticles due to their superior biodegradability and biocompatibility. The low immunogenicity and non-toxicity of collagen-NPs makes it preferable for a wide range of applications. A total of eight morphologically distinct actinomycetes strains were newly isolated from various soil samples in Egypt. The cell-free supernatants of these strains were tested for their ability. These strains' cell-free supernatants were tested for their ability to synthesize collagen-NPs. Five isolates had the ability to biosynthesize collagen-NPs. Among these, a potential culture, Streptomyces sp. NEAA-1, was chosen and identified as Streptomyces xinghaiensis NEAA-1 based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis as well as morphological, cultural and physiological properties. The sequence data has been deposited at the GenBank database under the accession No. OQ652077.1. Face-centered central composite design (FCCD) has been conducted to maximize collagen-NPs biosynthesis. Maximum collagen-NPs was 8.92 mg/mL under the condition of 10 mg/mL of collagen concentration, initial pH 7, incubation time of 48 h and temperature of 35 °C. The yield of collagen-NPs obtained via FCCD optimization (8.92 mg/mL) was 3.32-fold compared to the yield obtained under non-optimized conditions (2.5 mg/mL). TEM analysis of collagen-NPs showed hollow sphere nanoscale particles with mean of 32.63 ± 14.59 nm in diameter. FTIR spectra showed major peaks of amide I, amide II and amide III of collagen and also the cell-free supernatant involved in effective capping of collagen-NPs. The biosynthesized collagen-NPs exhibited anti-hemolytic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against MCF-7, HeP-G2 and HCT116 cell lines were 11.62 ± 0.8, 19.60 ± 1.2 and 41.67 ± 2.2 µg/mL; respectively. The in-vivo investigation showed that collagen-NPs can suppress Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) growth in mice. The collagen-NPs/DOX combination treatment showed considerable tumor growth suppression (95.58%). Collagen-NPs evaluated as nanocarrier with a chemotherapeutic agent, methotrexate (MTX). The average size of MTX loaded collagen-NPs was 42.73 ± 3.5 nm. Encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE %) was 48.91% and drug loading percentage (DL %) was 24.45%.

Christelle Hayoz

Since the introduction of the Higher Education Promotion and Coordination Act (HEdA), Swiss universities of teacher education (UTE) had to offer continuing education, additional training, teaching, research and development (Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, 2021). This mandate led to a dual competence requirement of teaching and research for lecturers (Freisler-Mühlemann, 2020; Sibold, 2017). The current state of research shows that there is a need for clarification regarding the dual competence profile of lecturers at Universities of Teacher Education (swissuniversities, 2021). In order to answer the question of how these competence requirements are perceived by lecturers, the subjective perceptions of a total of 18 sports didactics lecturers from eight different UTE in German- and French-speaking Switzerland were collected by means of semi-structured qualitative guided interviews. The qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015) showed that the competence requirements are perceived differently and that various competence profiles exist. A valuable contribution could be made to the (dual) competence profile of sports didactics lecturers as well as to the promotion of sports didactics as a scientific discipline. References Freisler-Mühlemann, D. (2020). Doppeltes Kompetenzprofil - Leitvorstellungen an das Personal von Pädagogischen Hochschulen? [Double competence profile - Guiding principles for the staff of teacher training colleges?]. In A. Tettenborn & P. Tremp (Eds.), Pädagogische Hochschulen in ihrer Entwicklung und Berufsbezug. Hochschulkulturen im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsorientierung (pp. 65-66). Pädagogische Hochschule Luzern. Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken [Qualitative content analysis. Basics and techniques] (Beltz Pädagogik, 12th rev. ed.). Beltz. Sibold, N. (2017). Nachwuchsförderung an Schweizer Fachhochschulen und Universitäten - Entwicklungen, Positionen und Herausforderungen [Promotion of young researchers at Swiss universities of applied sciences and universities - Developments, positions and challenges]. In L. Truniger (Ed.), Führen in Hochschulen. Anregungen und Reflexionen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis (pp. 105-122). Springer Gabler. Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation. (2021). Fachhochschulen und pädagogische Hochschulen [Universities of applied sciences and teacher training colleges]. https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/sbfi/de/home/hs/hochschulen/kantonale-hochschulen/fh-ph.html Swissuniversities. (2021). P-11 Doppeltes Kompetenzprofil [P-11 Double competence profile]. https://www.swissuniversities.ch/themen/nachwuchsfoerderung/p-11-doppeltes-kompetenzprofil

Long-Sheng Wang, Long-Sheng Wang, Chao Guo et al.

A class of iodobenzoyldiazenido-functionalized POMs (TBA)3 [Mo6O18(=N=NCOAr)] (Ar = Ph-o-I (1); Ph-m-I (2); Ph-p-I (3); Ph-3,4-I2(4); Ph-2,3,5-I3(5) (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) were prepared via the refluxing reaction of α-octamolybdates, DCC, and corresponding hydrazides in dry acetonitrile. Their structures were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Research on the biological activity of title compounds shows that L3, L5, 3, and 5 demonstrate potent inhibitory activity against coxsackievirus B3 and low in vitro cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell lines. The covalent linkage between the iodobenzoyldiazenido components and POMs can enhance the molecular inhibitory efficiency of iodobenzohydrazides.

Marco Letizia, Gianvito Losapio, Marco Rando et al.

Abstract We present a machine learning approach for model-independent new physics searches. The corresponding algorithm is powered by recent large-scale implementations of kernel methods, nonparametric learning algorithms that can approximate any continuous function given enough data. Based on the original proposal by D’Agnolo and Wulzer (Phys Rev D 99(1):015014, 2019, arXiv:1806.02350 [hep-ph]), the model evaluates the compatibility between experimental data and a reference model, by implementing a hypothesis testing procedure based on the likelihood ratio. Model-independence is enforced by avoiding any prior assumption about the presence or shape of new physics components in the measurements. We show that our approach has dramatic advantages compared to neural network implementations in terms of training times and computational resources, while maintaining comparable performances. In particular, we conduct our tests on higher dimensional datasets, a step forward with respect to previous studies.

Xunyu Liang, Ariel Zhitnitsky

Abstract Telescope array (TA) experiment has recorded Abbasi et al. (Phys Lett A 381(32):2565–2572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2017.06.022 , 2017), Okuda (J Phys Conf Ser 1181:012067, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1181/1/012067 , 2019) several short time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are very distinct from conventional single showers, and are found to be strongly correlated with lightnings. In our previous work Zhitnitsky (J Phys G 48(6):065201, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abd457 , arXiv:2008.04325 [hep-ph], 2021) we proposed that these bursts represent the direct manifestation of the dark matter (DM) annihilation events within the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) model. In the present work we suggest to test this proposal to search for the radio signals in frequency band $$\nu \in $$ ν ∈ (0.5–200) MHz which must be synchronized with the TA bursts. We argued that the conventional lightning-induced radio emission can be easily discriminated from the AQN-induced radio pulses discussed in this work.