Hasil untuk "Technological innovations. Automation"

Daniel P. Tabor, L. Roch, S. Saikin et al.

David H. Autor, A. Salomons

ABSTRACT:Many technological innovations replace workers with machines. But this capital-labor substitution need not reduce aggregate labor demand, because it simultaneously induces four countervailing responses: own-industry output effects; cross-industry input-output effects; between-industry shifts; and final demand effects. We quantify these channels using four decades of harmonized cross-country and industry data, whereby we measure automation as industry-level movements in total factor productivity that are common across countries. We find that automation displaces employment and reduces labor's share of value added in the industries where it originates (a direct effect). In the case of employment, these own-industry losses are reversed by indirect gains in customer industries and induced increases in aggregate demand. By contrast, own-industry labor share losses are not recouped elsewhere. Our framework can account for a substantial fraction of the reallocation of employment across industries and the aggregate fall in the labor share over the last three decades. It does not, however, explain why the labor share fell more rapidly during the 2000s.

David Alejandro Pinzon, Gina Amado, Jader Rodriguez et al.

The cultivation of blueberry (<i>Vaccinium</i> spp.) has undergone an unprecedented global expansion, driven by its nutraceutical value and the diversification of production zones across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Its consolidation as a strategic crop has prompted intensive scientific activity aimed at optimizing every stage of management from propagation and physiology to harvest, postharvest, and environmental sustainability. However, the available evidence remains fragmented, limiting the integration of results and the formulation of knowledge-based, comparative production strategies. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize scientific and technological advances related to the integrated management of blueberry cultivation, incorporating physiological, agronomic, technological, and environmental dimensions. The PRISMA 2020 methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was applied to ensure transparency and reproducibility in the search, selection, and analysis of scientific literature indexed in the Scopus database. After screening, 367 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed comparatively and thematically. The results reveal significant progress in propagation using hydrogel and micropropagation techniques, efficient fertigation practices, and the integration of climate control operations within greenhouses, leading to improved yield and fruit quality. Likewise, non-thermal technologies, edible coatings, and harvest automation enhance postharvest quality and reduce losses. In terms of sustainability, the incorporation of water reuse and waste biorefinery has emerged as key strategies to reduce the environmental footprint and promote circular systems. Among the main limitations are the lack of methodological standardization, the scarce economic evaluation of innovations, and the weak linkage between experimental and commercial scales. It is concluded that integrating physiology, technology, and sustainability within a unified management framework is essential to consolidate a resilient, low-carbon, and technologically advanced fruit-growing system.

Abdelmoneim Ahmed Eltohamy, Shereen Aly Hussien Aly Abdou

This study investigates the moderating role of perceived utility on the relationship between the advertising mix and mobile app adoption in Egypt, an emerging market. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the research explores how perceived utility, defined as the extent to which consumers believe a mobile app enhances their performance or provides value, influences the effectiveness of various advertising mixes in mobile app adoption. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 418 Egyptian consumers exposed to mobile app advertisements. The findings reveal that the advertising mix and perceived utility significantly impact mobile app adoption, with perceived utility as a positive moderator. Specifically, the study demonstrates that when consumers perceive higher utility in a mobile app, the effectiveness of the advertising mix in mobile adoption increases. This research contributes to the marketing literature by extending UTAUT to include the advertising mix as a determinant of technology adoption in emerging markets. It also provides actionable insights for marketers and policymakers, emphasising the importance of tailoring advertising strategies to enhance perceived utility and improve adoption rates in culturally and economically diverse contexts.

Likun Cao, James Evans

This study offers a new perspective on the depth-versus-breadth debate in innovation strategy, by modeling inventive search within dynamic collective knowledge systems, and underscoring the importance of timing for technological impact. Using frontier machine learning to project patent citation networks in hyperbolic space, we analyze 4.9 million U.S. patents to examine how search strategies give rise to distinct temporal patterns in impact accumulation. We find that inventions based on deep search, which relies on a specialized understanding of complex recombination structures, drive higher short-term impact through early adoption within specialized communities, but face diminishing returns as innovations become "locked-in" with limited diffusion potential. Conversely, when inventions are grounded in broad search that spans disparate domains, they encounter initial resistance but achieve wider diffusion and greater long-term impact by reaching cognitively diverse audiences. Individual inventions require both depth and breadth for stable impact. Organizations can strategically balance approaches across multiple inventions: using depth to build reliable technological infrastructure while pursuing breadth to expand applications. We advance innovation theory by demonstrating how deep and broad search strategies distinctly shape the timing and trajectory of technological impact, and how individual inventors and organizations can leverage these mechanisms to balance exploitation and exploration.

Yixuan Cheng, Maheen H. Mufti, Carrie He et al.

This paper introduces Bidirectional Technologies (BiTs), which is defined as technology that addresses the challenges within the aerospace and climate sectors simultaneously. BiTs presents a means to meet global development agendas, in particular, the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Space2030 Agenda. These frameworks position aerospace innovations as tools to address climate change, explicitly highlighting the shared challenges between both fields. This overlap presents an underexplored opportunity to develop BiTs. To explore this potential, the study conducts an extensive literature review to examine the challenges within four categories in both Earth and space contexts: life support, energy systems, monitoring and exploratory systems, and novel technologies. Key traits that influence the successful development of BiTs are then extracted. Based on these traits, a set of actionable recommendations is proposed to serve as a starting point for policymakers and engineers to adapt technologies beyond single-domain applications. Ultimately, this study presents BiTs as a solution to the interconnected challenges on Earth and in space, offering strategies that advance innovation while contributing to global sustainability efforts.

Rossana Mastrandrea, Fabio Montobbio, Gabriele Pellegrino et al.

This study examines the roles of public and private sector actors in the development of mRNA vaccines, a breakthrough innovation in modern medicine. Using a dataset of 151 core patent families and 2,416 antecedent (cited) patents, we analyze the structure and dynamics of the mRNA vaccine knowledge network through network theory. Our findings highlight the central role of biotechnology firms, such as Moderna and BioNTech, alongside the crucial contributions of universities and public research organizations (PROs) in providing foundational knowledge.We develop a novel credit allocation framework, showing that universities, PROs, government and research centers account for at least 27% of the external technological knowledge base behind mRNA vaccine breakthroughs - representing a minimum threshold of their overall contribution. Our study offers new insights into pharmaceutical and biotechnology innovation dynamics, emphasizing how Moderna and BioNTech's mRNA technologies have benefited from academic institutions, with notable differences in their institutional knowledge sources.

Marat Nuriev, Anna Kalyashina, Yuri Smirnov et al.

This article delves into the transformative world of 5G technology, elucidating its foundational principles, technological advancements, and the global momentum behind its deployment. With an emphasis on the revolutionary capabilities of 5G, from unprecedented speeds and ultra-low latency to enhanced network efficiency, the article explores the myriad ways in which this next-generation technology is reshaping telecommunications and catalyzing innovations across diverse sectors such as autonomous transportation, smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. Highlighting case studies from pioneering regions like South Korea and China, the article showcases the real-world implementations and tangible benefits of 5G, underscoring its role in driving technological advancements and improving user experiences. Furthermore, insights from research projects like 5G-MoNArch and 5G-PICTURE provide a deeper understanding of 5G’s potential to revolutionize multimedia and entertainment, along with critical communication systems. The article also addresses the challenges and considerations inherent in the widespread adoption of 5G, including infrastructure upgrades, coverage expansion, security concerns, and the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks. Through an examination of these challenges, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, policymakers, and the international community to navigate the complexities of 5G deployment successfully. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, the article posits 5G as a pivotal driver of future innovations, highlighting its potential to not only enhance connectivity but also to fundamentally alter the economic, industrial, and societal landscapes.

Abhirami Subash, H. Ramanathan, Marko Šostar

The incorporation of Industry 4.0 technologies into the seafood processing sector presents a transformative potential for improving efficiency, sustainability, and transparency throughout the supply chain. This study aims to examine the impact of such technological advancements, including automation, robotics, blockchain, computer vision, AI, and IoT, on the seafood industry's operations, ranging from sorting, cleaning, and packing to quality assessment and product preservation. Conducted through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of Web of Science-indexed papers, this research assesses the synergy between innovation and business 4.0 technologies in seafood processing. Our findings suggest that these technologies not only promise enhanced operational efficiency and product quality but also offer sustainable practices through energy-efficient methods, waste management techniques, and innovative packaging solutions. Additionally, the study addresses the workforce implications, underscoring the shift in job roles towards more specialized and value-added positions rather than outright displacement. The primary data collected and analyzed herein underscores the critical role of Industry 4.0 in promoting sustainable resource management, optimizing processes, and ensuring ecological responsibility within the seafood sector, thereby contributing to the broader goals of food security and environmental sustainability.

Olakunle Saheed Soyege, Collins Nwannebuike Nwokedi, Busayo Olamide Tomoh et al.

The healthcare landscape is witnessing a transformative shift driven by advancements in pharmacy practices, as pharmacists increasingly play pivotal roles in patient care. This comprehensive review explores the impact of advanced pharmacy practices on enhancing patient outcomes. From evolving medication therapy management (MTM) programs to collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) initiatives, the framework of advanced pharmacy practices is examined. The integration of pharmacogenomics, technological innovations, and patient-centric pharmacy models further contributes to the evolving landscape. Technological innovations, including telepharmacy services and the incorporation of automation and robotics, are reshaping the delivery of pharmaceutical care. The review delves into the integration of electronic health records (EHR) and explores challenges surrounding interoperability. Patient-centric models focus on education, community engagement, and specialized clinics for chronic care management, illustrating the potential of pharmacists in improving health literacy and overall patient wellness. Challenges such as regulatory considerations, the need for advanced training, and technological hurdles are discussed. Future directions highlight the imperative for ongoing education, regulatory adaptations, and technological advancements. Case studies and success stories showcase exemplary institutions and programs, providing insights into best practices. This review underscores the transformative power of advanced pharmacy practices in healthcare. It calls for continued research, regulatory support, and collaborative efforts to fully harness the potential of pharmacists in enhancing patient outcomes and contributing to the broader goals of healthcare improvement.

Oluwatoyin Ajoke Farayola, Azeez Olanipekun Hassan, Olubukola Rhoda Adaramodu et al.

This research paper explores the multifaceted realm of Configuration Management (CM) in the modern era, examining theoretical frameworks, best practices, innovations, and challenges. Theoretical models, including the Three-Component Model and ITIL, form the foundational understanding of CM, guiding effective identification, control, and status accounting of configuration items. Innovations such as DevOps integration, Infrastructure as Code (IaC), and containerization technologies reshape traditional CM practices, providing scalability, automation, and adaptability solutions. However, challenges such as security concerns, compliance issues, and the complexities of collaboration necessitate strategic recommendations. By embracing a holistic approach, prioritizing security, promoting collaboration, and staying informed on emerging technologies, organizations can navigate these challenges and establish resilient CM practices, ensuring the stability and reliability of their IT systems in the ever-evolving technological landscape. Keywords: Configuration Management, DevOps, Three-Component Model, Security.

P. Zahariev, G. Hristov, R. Chaisricharoen et al.

The constant development of new technologies and production methods and their integration in the various fabrication and manufacturing processes has fuelled several waves of novelties and innovations in the industrial domain, which are also known as the industrial revolutions. These transformative processes have changed humanity forever and have shifted the economic models and the manufacturing methods of our societies - from the hand-based farming and manual production of goods to the total utilization of information systems, machines and robots for the large-scale fabrication of high-quality products and the delivery of modern services. The industrial revolutions have led to increased production volumes, higher manufacturing efficiency, lower prices, better working conditions, improved salaries and to significant improvements of the infrastructure, the railroad and the road networks. The recent technological advancements and the development of novel paradigms for the use of autonomous robots, cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence algorithms, quantum computing and nanotechnologies are slowly changing the overall landscape and are pushing humanity towards the next wave of Industrial revolutions. While these innovations are offer significant benefits, they are also presenting a new set of challenges for the companies and their staff. In this paper we present and discuss the present trends, emerging solutions and future technologies in the area of the Industrial Automation. The Introduction section of the paper provides a brief overview of the past and present Industrial revolutions and highlights the advantages and the disadvantages of their underlying technologies. The next chapter of the paper presents in more details the trending technologies and the solutions of the present-day Industrial Automation domain. The paper continues with discussions about the emerging Industry 5.0 technologies and solutions. The next chapter of the manuscript is dedicated to the potential future Industrial Automation technologies, which will most likely constitute the Industry 6.0 paradigm. Last, but not least, we conclude the paper with some discussions about the automation technologies and the main challenges, opportunities and needs of the Industrial sector.

Diana Lluka

Dr. Florence M. A, Dr. Pratheesh Padath

India  is  the  largest  producer  and  exporter  of  coir  and  coir-related  products  on  the  international market,  with  Kerala  accounting  for  a  significant  portion  of  the  nation’s  production  and  exports.  Despite  its potential and high ambitions, the coir industry in Kerala has not progressed as rapidly as other industries. A primary  reason  for  this  lag  is  the  industry’s  reluctance  to  adopt  automation  in  a  timely  manner.  Toward  the end  of  the  20th  century,  Kerala’s  coir  sector  began  to  modernize  with  the  introduction  of  innovative technologies. However, several factors continue to impede the full completion of this modernization process. The  implementation  of  technological  advancements  has  implications  for  the  industry’s  disempowered workforce,  and  the  success  or  failure  of  these  innovations  plays  a  critical  role  in  the  sector’s  growth  and economic  impact. This  study  examines  various  plans  and  strategies  for  the  development  of  coir,  evaluating the  overall  state  of  technological  modernization  in  the  industry.  It  also  addresses  the  challenges  related  to automation  in  modern  coir  units.  Moreover,  while  both  federal  and  state  governments  offer  a  variety  of programs  to  support  the  coir  industry,  many  manufacturers  remain  unaware  of  these  initiatives.  This  report explores the opportunities and challenges facing Kerala’s coir industry.

Àlex Boso, Boris Álvarez, Ignacio Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al.

Abstract Nearly half the tasks currently performed by humans could be automated, which means that large segments of society are expected to seek new jobs within the next few years. Automation and digitalization can be critical in reducing greenhouse gasses and combating climate change. However, they may also reduce individual support for environmental policies. The economic changes brought about by these innovations could reduce environmental concerns among the social groups most affected by the associated loss of jobs. Using data from the International Social Survey Program, this study examines the impact of technological change on environmental attitudes and policy preferences. We hypothesize that individuals exposed to automation will be less likely to care about the environment and less likely to support policies imposing taxes to address climate change or other environmental problems. We use a tailored and objective measure, operating at the individual level, to quantify the degree of exposure to labor market risks. Then we analyze how automatization risk influences individuals developing a propensity to resist environmental regulation within various social and cultural contexts. The results of this research can help us understand how structural changes in the economy affect individuals’ preferences when addressing fundamental environmental problems.

Muhamad Teguh Setiadi

Technological innovation has become a key element in supporting sustainability and increasing the competitiveness of the food and beverage industry. This study analyzes the impact of implementing technological innovation, such as automation, supply chain digitalization, and environmentally friendly technology, on operational sustainability and increasing company competitiveness. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a population of 100 companies in Indonesia's food and beverage sector. The results show that 75% of companies have adopted at least one form of technological innovation, with production automation (40%) and supply chain digitalization (35%) as the most commonly implemented technologies. Implementing these technologies contributes to increased operational efficiency, reduced costs, and strengthened competitive positions in the global market. In addition, environmentally friendly innovations, such as using renewable raw materials and biodegradable packaging, improve the company's reputation in the eyes of consumers who are increasingly concerned about the environment. The regression results show a significant relationship between the implementation of technological innovation and sustainability, where companies that adopt green technology report a decrease in carbon emissions of up to 20% in the last five years. This study concludes that companies that are proactive in embracing technological innovation have a more significant competitive advantage and the ability to meet market demands and sustainability regulations. More robust policy support is needed to help small and medium enterprises access advanced technologies to ensure sustainable industrial growth.

Ewa Chodakowska, Andrzej Polecki

In today’s dynamic and global economic environment, technological innovations are a key determinant of international competitiveness. In the field of automation and robotics, the development of modern technologies is of particular significance, influencing not only industrial progress but also social aspects. Automation and robotics play a crucial role in the concept of modern industry, contributing to the creation of more sustainable, flexible, and human-centric production systems. The article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the patent activity in automation and robotics in Europe. Patent documentation serves as a source of knowledge about the directions of research, inventive activities, and consequently, the innovative and competitive potential of the economy. The number of patents over time reflects the dynamics of a country’s technological development. The article discusses the use of patent databases to evaluate a country’s innovation in automation and robotics. The conducted analysis of data on European countries enabled the identification of trends based on the International Patent Classification and specialisation from a geographical perspective using revealed comparative technological advantage. The European countries were classified using cluster analysis, demonstrating the diversity, and identifying leaders in each group.

Stanislav Eroshenko, Evgeniy Shmakov, Dmitry Klimenko et al.

This paper explores the application of conceptual hydrological models in optimizing the operation of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) in steppe regions, a crucial aspect of promoting low-carbon energy solutions. The study aims to identify the most suitable conceptual hydrological model for predicting reservoir inflows from multiple catchments in a steppe region, where spring runoff dominates the annual water volume and requires careful consideration of snowfall. Two well-known conceptual models, HBV and GR6J-CemaNeige, which incorporate snow-melting processes, were evaluated. The research also investigated the best approach to preprocessing historical data to enhance model accuracy. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately defining low-water periods to ensure reliable HPP operation through more accurate inflow forecasting. A hypothesis was proposed to explore the relationship between atmospheric circulation and the definition of low-water periods; however, the findings did not support this hypothesis. Overall, the results suggest that combining the conceptual models under consideration can lead to more accurate forecasts, underscoring the need for integrated approaches in managing HPP reservoirs and promoting sustainable energy production.

Kuo-Chien Liao, Jian-Liang Liou, Muhamad Hidayat et al.

Pre-flight inspection and maintenance are essential prerequisites for aviation safety. This study focused on developing a real-time monitoring system designed to assess the condition of composite material structures on the exterior of aircraft. Implementing such a system can reduce operational costs, enhance flight safety, and increase aircraft availability. This study aims to detect defects in aircraft fuselages manufactured from composite materials by applying image visual recognition technology. This study integrated a drone and an infrared camera for real-time image transmission to ground stations. MATLAB image analysis software (MATLAB 2020b) was used to analyze infrared (IR) images and detect structural defects in the aircraft’s appearance. This methodology was based on the inspection of damaged engine cowlings. The developed approach compares composite material conditions with known defects before and after repair, considering mechanical performance, defect size, and strength. Simultaneously, tests were conducted on various composite material panels with unknown defects, yielding favorable results. This study underscores an integrated system offering rapid detection, real-time feedback, and analysis, effectively reducing time, and potential hazards associated with high-altitude operations. Furthermore, it addresses blind spots in aircraft inspections, contributing to effective flight safety maintenance.

Oleksandr Diachenko, Maksym Delembovskyi, Kateryna Levchuk et al.

The production of concrete mixes, along with their use in the production of building materials and structures, is one of the key processes in the construction industry during the construction, restoration and repair of buildings and structures. Because of this, the need to create modern concrete mixing plants that will meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of concrete mixture production is an urgent task. Not only the main operations, which include the dosing of the components of the mixture and their mixing, but also the maintenance operations, namely operations that ensure the timely movement of the components of the concrete mixture from warehouses to the main technological equipment, affect the set rhythm of the concrete mixture production. Conveyors of various types and designs are used to move bulk materials, such as crushed stone and sand. For the rational selection of such equipment in accordance with the characteristics of the cargo to be transported, knowledge of the types of conveyors, their structures and parameters, understanding of operation issues and methods of parameter calculation are required. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the following parameters: maximum cargo transportation productivity, low energy consumption per unit of moved products, low metal content of the structure. The work reviewed the most common designs of conveyors used to move bulk materials in concrete mixing plants, analyzed the disadvantages and advantages of conveyors, as well as technical parameters. As a result, the predominant directions for the use of belt and plate conveyors at construction enterprises were determined. The advantages of belt conveyors, which contribute to their widespread distribution, are high productivity, simplicity of design, reliability, quiet operation, low specific power consumption. When choosing a conveyor, it is recommended to choose the equipment with the highest productivity and the lowest power of the drive motors, however, the performance should be clearly related to other technological equipment.