Hasil untuk "Recreation. Leisure"

A. Holtermann, N. Krause, A. J. van der Beek et al.

Physical activity (PA) is well documented to improve health. However, this documentation is restricted to leisure time physical activity (LTPA; eg, sports, recreation and transportation). Increasing evidence shows that occupational physical activity (OPA) does not improve health.1 Actually, OPA can be detrimental. These contrasting health effects of LTPA and OPA constitute the so-called PA health paradox.2 For a considerable fraction of the adult population, work constitutes the main setting for PA. Workers in many occupations, such as construction, cleaning, refuse collection, elderly care, farming and manufacturing, are physically active for large parts of their working days, for most of the year. Despite this PA at work, these and other manual workers have relatively poor health. Many epidemiological studies document that high OPA increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality outcomes, even after extensive adjustments for other risk factors including socioeconomic status, LTPA and other health behaviours.1 This increased risk from high OPA has been shown to be particularly pronounced among workers with low job resources, low cardiorespiratory fitness3 or pre-existing …

Michael Blank, Gregor Schubert, Miao Ben Zhang

This paper studies the impact of generative AI on U.S. households' task allocation at home, using detailed Internet browsing data from a large sample of home devices between 2021 and 2024. Leveraging pre-ChatGPT browsing patterns, we measure households' exposure to ChatGPT and use it as an instrument for ChatGPT adoption during the post-release period. Our IV estimates show that adopting generative AI substantially increases leisure browsing on home devices while leaving time spent on productive digital tasks unchanged. To examine mechanisms, we infer the purpose of households' ChatGPT use from surrounding internet activity and find that households primarily employ it for productive non-market tasks. Together, these results suggest that generative AI frees up leisure time by raising the efficiency of productive digital activities. Interpreting these findings through a standard time-allocation model implies economically large productivity gains from generative AI at home.

Sávio Luís Oliveira da Silva, Rafael Carvalho da Silva Mocarzel, Bruna Medeiros Neves

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física é fundamental para a promoção da saúde, autonomia e qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência física. Entretanto, barreiras arquitetônicas ainda limitam o acesso e a permanência desse público em espaços destinados à prática de exercícios físicos, como academias de ginástica. OBJETIVO: Analisar as condições de acessibilidade arquitetônica para pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas em academias do município de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, exploratório e transversal, realizado em 23 academias do município, por meio da aplicação de um checklist adaptado da NBR 9050. A análise dos dados foi de natureza descritiva, com apresentação de frequências e percentuais, complementada por análise qualitativa interpretativa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que nenhuma das academias avaliadas apresentou acessibilidade arquitetônica plena. Observou-se ausência ou inadequação de rotas acessíveis, sinalização, mobiliário, equipamentos e sanitários adaptados, em desacordo com os parâmetros normativos vigentes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as academias investigadas apresentam importantes limitações estruturais, evidenciando a necessidade de adequações arquitetônicas e de ações sistemáticas de fiscalização para garantir o direito de acesso à prática de atividade física por pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas.

Antonina Drzewiecka, Artur Drzewiecki, Oliwia Maciaszek et al.

Introduction and Purpose: Vascular access devices (VADs) are essential for modern inpatient care, yet optimal device selection remains complex due to heterogeneous data on dwell time, indications, and complications. Peripheral options such as midline catheters (MCs) and long peripheral catheters (LPCs) are increasingly proposed as alternatives to peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and central venous catheters (CVCs), particularly for intermediate-duration therapy and in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA). The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence on peripheral and central vascular access, focusing on peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), MCs, LPCs, PICCs, and CVCs, with respect to dwell time, therapeutic indications, and complication rates, including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and thrombosis. State of Knowledge: PIVCs, although most commonly used, have short dwell times and high failure rates, often complicated by phlebitis, infiltration, and occlusion. Midline catheters provide longer dwell times and reduce repeated cannulation but are associated with minor mechanical complications such as superficial thrombophlebitis and occlusion. PICCs and CVCs enable prolonged delivery of vesicant and hyperosmolar therapies but carry higher risks of bloodstream infection and venous thromboembolism. Comparative studies suggest midlines may reduce CRBSI and CLABSI-reportable events relative to PICCs, at the cost of more frequent minor complications. Conclusion: No single VAD is universally optimal. Device choice should integrate therapy duration, infusate characteristics, vascular anatomy, and the balance of infectious, thrombotic, and mechanical risks. MCs and LPCs appear promising for intermediate-duration, peripherally compatible therapies; however, high-quality randomized studies are needed to refine vascular access algorithms and confirm safety signals.

Dominik Kret, Wiktoria Szlachta, Daria Twardowska et al.

Myocardial bridging (MB) of the coronary arteries has long been considered a benign anatomical variant with no significant clinical relevance. However, the development of modern imaging and functional diagnostic methods indicates that its impact on myocardial perfusion may become apparent under conditions of increased hemodynamic load, especially during physical exertion. In the context of sports science, this issue is particularly important, as even subtle coronary flow disturbances can modulate the heart's response to training load and affect exercise tolerance.The aim of this study was to present the current state of knowledge on the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of myocardial bridges, with particular emphasis on their functional significance under conditions of stress typical of physical activity. The article is a narrative review of the literature based on a critical analysis of anatomical, observational, and imaging studies, as well as works devoted to functional assessment and treatment strategies. Available data indicate that MBs are a common structure, but heterogeneous in terms of morphology and hemodynamic significance. Although they remain asymptomatic in most people, in selected cases they may be associated with myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and reduced exercise tolerance. Myocardial bridges require individualized clinical and functional assessment, and their presence should not be automatically considered insignificant, especially in the context of exercise capacity assessment.

Jeroen Gardeyn, Tony Wauters

This paper addresses the two-dimensional bin packing problem with guillotine constraints. The problem requires a set of rectangular items to be cut from larger rectangles, known as bins, while only making use of edge-to-edge (guillotine) cuts. The goal is to minimize the total bin area needed to cut all required items. This paper also addresses variants of the problem which permit 90° rotation of items and/or a heterogeneous set of bins. A novel heuristic is introduced which is based on the ruin and recreate paradigm combined with a goal-driven approach. When applying the proposed heuristic to benchmark instances from the literature, it outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution quality for all variants of the problem considered.

Lucía Prieto-Santamaría, Alba Cortés Iglesias, Claudio Vidal Giné et al.

Understanding the real-world effects of recreational drug use remains a critical challenge in public health and biomedical research, especially as traditional surveillance systems often underrepresent user experiences. In this study, we leverage social media (specifically Twitter) as a rich and unfiltered source of user-reported effects associated with three emerging psychoactive substances: ecstasy, GHB, and 2C-B. By combining a curated list of slang terms with biomedical concept extraction via MetaMap, we identified and weakly annotated over 92,000 tweets mentioning these substances. Each tweet was labeled with a polarity reflecting whether it reported a positive or negative effect, following an expert-guided heuristic process. We then performed descriptive and comparative analyses of the reported phenotypic outcomes across substances and trained multiple machine learning classifiers to predict polarity from tweet content, accounting for strong class imbalance using techniques such as cost-sensitive learning and synthetic oversampling. The top performance on the test set was obtained from eXtreme Gradient Boosting with cost-sensitive learning (F1 = 0.885, AUPRC = 0.934). Our findings reveal that Twitter enables the detection of substance-specific phenotypic effects, and that polarity classification models can support real-time pharmacovigilance and drug effect characterization with high accuracy.

A. Challen Hyman, Chloe Ramsay, Tiffanie A. Cross et al.

Effective management of recreational fisheries requires accurate forecasting of future harvests and real-time monitoring of ongoing harvests. Traditional methods that rely on historical catch data to predict short-term harvests can be unreliable, particularly if changes in management regulations alter angler behavior. In contrast, statistical modeling approaches can provide faster, more flexible, and potentially more accurate predictions, enhancing management outcomes. In this study, we developed and tested models to improve predictions of Gulf of Mexico gag harvests for both pre-season planning and in-season monitoring. Our best-fitting model outperformed traditional methods (i.e., estimates derived from historical average harvest) for both cumulative pre-season projections and in-season monitoring. Notably, our modeling framework appeared to be more accurate in more recent, shorter seasons due to its ability to account for effort compression. A key advantage of our framework is its ability to explicitly quantify the probability of exceeding harvest quotas for any given season duration. This feature enables managers to evaluate trade-offs between season duration and conservation goals. This is especially critical for vulnerable, highly targeted stocks. Our findings also underscore the value of statistical models to complement and advance traditional fisheries management approaches.

Sarah Mercer, Daniel P. Martin, Phil Swatton

Generative agents powered by Large Language Models demonstrate human-like characteristics through sophisticated natural language interactions. Their ability to assume roles and personalities based on predefined character biographies has positioned them as cost-effective substitutes for human participants in social science research. This paper explores the validity of such persona-based agents in representing human populations; we recreate the HEXACO personality inventory experiment by surveying 310 GPT-4 powered agents, conducting factor analysis on their responses, and comparing these results to the original findings presented by Ashton, Lee, & Goldberg in 2004. Our results found 1) a coherent and reliable personality structure was recoverable from the agents' responses demonstrating partial alignment to the HEXACO framework. 2) the derived personality dimensions were consistent and reliable within GPT-4, when coupled with a sufficiently curated population, and 3) cross-model analysis revealed variability in personality profiling, suggesting model-specific biases and limitations. We discuss the practical considerations and challenges encountered during the experiment. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the potential benefits and limitations of using generative agents in social science research and provides useful guidance on designing consistent and representative agent personas to maximise coverage and representation of human personality traits.

Sema Arslan Kabasakal

Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler çerçevesinde incelenmesi iki faktör arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 23,91±6.32 olan 168’i kadın, 147’si erkek olmak üzere 315 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara Katılımcı Değerlendirme Formu, Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları kapsamında katılımcıların cinsiyetine, bireysel veya takım sporu sürdürme durumuna göre sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının ve psikolojik iyi oluş seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise cinsiyet ve branş fark etmeksizin sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasında orta düzey pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunmasıdır (p<0,001). Çalışma sonucunda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ile psikolojik sağlıklarının ilişkili olduğu ve bunun branşa ve cinsiyete göre değişmediği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu doğrultuda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını geliştirmenin, psikolojik sağlıklarını iyileştirdiği; psikolojik iyilik halinde artışın sporcularda sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını iyileştirdiği söylenebilir.

N. Q. Lackey, Deborah A. Tysor, G. McNay et al.

ABSTRACT The demand for mental health services around the world has risen dramatically. Many researchers and practitioners are looking for alternative mental health treatments, including nature-based recreation. However, reviews examining nature-based recreation’s therapeutic effectiveness are limited. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of available research regarding the potential mental-health benefits of nature-based recreation. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, a global standard established to ensure consistency and quality in literature reviews, a systematic search generated 51 articles for review. Most articles (n = 46, 90%) observed at least one positive association between nature-based recreation and mental health, including improvements in affect, cognition, restoration, and well-being, and decreases in anxiety and depression symptoms. Trends regarding the setting, population, methodology, and theoretical orientation of existing research, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed in this review.

Elena R. Thomas, W. Rice, Christopher A. Armatas et al.

Abstract With increasing outdoor recreation participation in the U.S., managers face the challenge of balancing visitor experiences with the protection of natural resources. To address declining management capacity, agencies seek to involve both new and established recreationists in local stewardship behaviors. However, community involvement in stewardship efforts is hindered by a lack of understanding of the connection between recreationists’ antecedent conditions and their behavioral intentions. This study focuses on a wildland recreation setting near a western U.S. city to examine the relationship between place attachment, leisure identity salience, and local environmental stewardship behavioral intention. The results show that place identity influences willingness to engage in place-specific proactive stewardship, while leisure identity is predictive of engagement in Leave-No-Trace behaviors. The findings highlight the importance of targeting place and leisure identity in messaging strategies and forming partnerships with recreation organizations to encourage stewardship and engage the local community in land management.

Julia S. Schmid, Sean Simmons, Mark S. Poesch et al.

Recreational fishing is an important economic driver and provides multiple social benefits. To predict fishing activity, identifying variables related to variation, such as gender or Covid-19, is helpful. We conducted a Canada-wide email survey of users of an online fishing platform and analyzed responses focusing on gender, the impact of Covid-19, and variables directly related to fishing effort. Genders (90% men and 10% women) significantly differed in demographics, socioeconomic status, and fishing skills but showed similar fishing preferences, fishing effort in terms of trip frequency, and travel distance. Covid-19 altered trip frequency for almost half of fishers, with changes varying by gender and activity level. A Bayesian network revealed travel distance as the main determinant of trip frequency, negatively impacting fishing activity for 61% of fishers, with fishing expertise also playing a role. The results suggest that among active fishers, socio-economic differences between genders do not drive fishing effort, but responses to Covid-19 were gender-specific. Recognizing these patterns is critical for equitable policy-making and accurate socio-ecological models, thereby improving resource management and sustainability.

Edward Gunning, Steven Golovkine, Andrew J. Simpkin et al.

We present a multivariate functional mixed effects model for kinematic data from a large number of recreational runners. The runners' sagittal plane hip and knee angles are modelled jointly as a bivariate function with random effects functions used to account for the dependence among measurements from either side of the body. The model is fitted by first applying multivariate functional principal component analysis (mv-FPCA) and then modelling the mv-FPCA scores using scalar linear mixed effects models. Simulation and bootstrap approaches are introduced to construct simultaneous confidence bands for the fixed effects functions, and covariance functions are reconstructed to summarise the variability structure in the data and thoroughly investigate the suitability of the proposed model. In our scientific application, we observe a statistically significant effect of running speed on both the hip and knee angles. We also observe strong within-subject correlations, reflecting the highly idiosyncratic nature of running technique. Our approach is more generally applicable to modelling multiple streams of smooth kinematic or kinetic data measured repeatedly for multiple subjects in complex experimental designs.

Amonté L. Martin, Alison E. Adams, T. Stein

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the recreational experiences of African American residents in Hillsborough County, Florida at varied levels: institutional, recreational, and personal. To investigate the intricacy of perceptions and experiences among African Americans in the context of outdoor recreation, the first author used qualitative methods to provide in-depth investigation into African American residents’ perceptions of recreation in Hillsborough County, Florida. Our analysis revealed four overarching themes: 1) Racialised Outdoor Leisure Identity, 2) Representation Matters, 3) Recreational Constraints and Opportunities, and 4) Equity in Leisure Experiences. The findings of this study add to the literatures on outdoor leisure identity and recreation of African Americans and their perceptions of outdoor identity, why representation matters, how safety constraints are negotiated, especially among women respondents, and of residents’ perceptions of equity within their parks.

S. Houge Mackenzie, K. Hodge

ABSTRACT Despite the documented positive outcomes of adventure experiences, subjective well-being (SWB) frameworks have been largely absent from discourse and analyses in adventure studies. This conceptual paper proposes a framework for understanding how adventure recreation experiences promote eudaemonic SWB. In our framework, we propose that adventure recreation fosters eudaemonic aspects of SWB by supporting the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness and beneficence. The framework also integrates ‘contact with nature’ as an important mechanism through which adventure recreation fosters eudaemonic SWB. Analysis of research and practice across diverse aspects of adventure recreation (leisure, tourism, and education contexts) is used to support the proposed framework and to critically evaluate how psychological models, such as self-determination theory (SDT) and SWB, can advance theory and practice in adventure recreation. We conclude by offering a number of suggestions for future research directions and practical implications.

Haibo Tian, W. Zhou, Yajun Qiu et al.

Previous studies confirmed that leisure sport participation could contribute to people’s life satisfaction. However, little is known about the predictors of life satisfaction in the context of long-distance running. A model was proposed in this study to examine the relationship between recreation specialization, self-efficacy, flow experience, and life satisfaction. An online questionnaire was distributed to long-distance runners in China, and a total of 404 valid questionnaires were obtained for data analysis in this study. Results indicated that recreation specialization and self-efficacy had a direct and positive effect on runners’ flow experience; recreation specialization, self-efficacy, and flow experience were positively associated with runners’ life satisfaction. Furthermore, flow experience partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, while it fully mediated the role of recreation specialization in life satisfaction. The findings shed some new insights for understanding the influence of leisure sport engagement on people’s life satisfaction.

Marko Orel

ABSTRACT Individuals in the creative sector often pursue the idea of the location-independent style of living and working (Müller, A. 2016. The digital nomad: Buzzword or research category? Transnational Social Review, 6(3), 344–348). Digital nomads represent a modern “knowmad” society (Moravec, J. W. 2013. Knowmad society: The “new” work and education. On the Horizon, 21(2), 79–83), whose boundaries between leisure, travel, and work appear blurred (Reichenberger, I. 2018. Digital nomads–a quest for holistic freedom in work and leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364–380). This new type of fluid workforce tends to merge itself with the selected geographic area or environment for a brief period of time, and by that utilizing its logistic and digital infrastructure to maintain an individualized lifestyle (Richards, G. 2015. The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340–352). Digital nomadism has brought upon a new form of creative tourism (Putra, G. B., & Agirachman, F. A. 2016. Urban coworking space: Creative tourism in digital nomads perspective. In Proceedings of Arte-Polis 6 International Conference (pp. 169–178)) that emancipates the involvement of individuals in the creative life of the destination and interaction with local communities by exchanging skill sets and ideas in a synergetic way (Richards, G., & Marques, L. 2012. Exploring creative tourism: Editors Iintroduction. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice Volume, 4(2), 1–11) by frequently using local coworking spaces. However, the motivational factors behind the usage of local coworking spaces remain unclear, as do the benefits offered by these flexible office environments. This paper thus investigates the popularization of digital nomadism and the influence of the digital nomad lifestyle on the work-leisure balance that appears to be affected by the use of coworking spaces.

Humayun Khan, Daniel Nilsson

Virtual reality allows creating highly immersive visual and auditory experiences, making users feel physically present in the environment. This makes it an ideal platform to simulate dangerous scenarios, including fire evacuation, and study human behaviour without exposing users to harmful elements. However, human perception of the surroundings is based on the integration of multiple sensory cues (visual, auditory, tactile, or/and olfactory) present in the environment. When some of the sensory stimuli are missing in the virtual experience, it can break the illusion of being there in the environment and could lead to actions that deviate from normal behaviour. In this work, we added an olfactory cue in a well-documented historic hotel fire scenario that was recreated in VR, and examined the effects of the olfactory cue on human behaviour. We conducted a between subject study on 40 naive participants. Our results show that the addition of the olfactory cue could increase behavioural realism. We found that 80% of the studied actions for the VR with olfactory cue condition matched the ones performed by the survivors. In comparison, only 40% of the participants' actions for VR only condition were similar to the survivors.

Farhan Sufi, Suryo Saputra Perdana, Amalia Nur Azizah

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse syndrome that commonly causes knee pain and is common in athletics. The prevalence of ITBS in runners ranges from 5%-14%, with a higher prevalence in women (16%-50%) than in men (50%-81%). ITBS can limit Indonesia's athletic performance due to pain on the side of the knee during running, walking and jumping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiotherapy management for ITBS cases in Indonesian para-athletics. This research is a descriptive case study involving one client with a participatory observation method. The physiotherapy intervention involved Shock Wave Therapy (SWT) and Static Stretching Exercise. The subject of the study was 22 year old national para athlete with height 182 cm, weight 70 kg, and BMI 21.1 in the ideal category. The patient came to the physiotherapy clinic of NPC Indonesia on 20 August 2023 with complaints of pain in the outer side of the right knee. Physical examination showed normal results except for pain examination using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), where silent pain 2/10, tenderness 4/10, and motion pain 5/10 were found. The diagnosis of ITBS dextra was confirmed through specific examination. After six physiotherapy sessions with SWT and Static Stretching Exercise, there was a significant decrease in pain and an increase in functional activity in ITBS patients. Patients are advised to undergo physiotherapy regularly, do stretching exercises before and after activities, and compress with warm water if experiencing pain.