The development of information and communication technology drives the transformation of public services towards a more efficient, transparent, and participatory digital direction. The Agam Regency Government responded to this change by presenting the SILETON (Integrated Online Electronic Service System) application as an innovation in population administration services. However, in the implementation process, various obstacles were still found, such as low digital literacy of the community, limited technological infrastructure, and uneven levels of service adoption. This study aims to analyze the process of innovation diffusion of the SILETON application based on Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory, assess its contribution to the implementation of smart governance, and formulate strategies for optimizing digital-based services at the regional level. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively involving the Agam Regency Population and Civil Registry Office, application managers, and user communities. The results of the study show that the SILETON innovation diffusion process has shown significant progress, but is not evenly distributed across all levels of society. This application contributes to increasing transparency, efficiency, and public participation as characteristics of smart governance. Suggested optimization strategies include increasing digital literacy, strengthening network infrastructure, developing user-friendly application features, and active collaboration between agencies. These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in driving the success of digital innovation in local government to create more inclusive and adaptive public services.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Abstract In the era of “AI plus healthcare”, personal health data has shifted from static records into dynamic and time-sequential data flow covering a full lifecycle. While it has become an important element of production in healthcare industry, it also faces new risks and challenges and the current legal framework of personal health data protection in China cannot satisfactorily address these challenges. The ambiguous rules on personal health data ownership and the ineffective individual empowerment model of data governance fail to respond to the dual needs for protection of personal health data and extraction of data value. In view of diversified and sometimes conflicting values and interests embodied in personal health data, it is therefore recommended that the agile governance model, characterized by dynamic adaptability and multistakeholders collaboration, be adopted. The bundle of rights over data should be allocated among data subjects, data processors and the government; a differentiated consent mechanism based on risk classification should be constructed; the principle of purpose limitation and minimum necessary should be reinterpreted in an expansive and generalized manner within the limits of reasonable expectation and risk control; and, anonymization measures and tort liability rules should be improved by clarifying obligations of stakeholders and balancing their rights and responsibilities. Through dynamic risk control by collaboration of multiple stakeholders, the agile governance model can reach the balance between sufficient protection and rational utilization of personal health data in data processing.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only), Economic growth, development, planning
Abstract Most Latin American countries entered the ranks of middle-income levels almost simultaneously with Japan and South Korea. However, while Japan and South Korea embarked on the path of economic development through technological innovation and industrial upgrading, Latin America fell into the middle-income trap. By examining the history of industrial and technological development in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, three representative countries in Latin America, this paper finds that the fundamental reasons for Latin America falling into the middle-income trap lie in the tension between the choice of industrialization path and primitive accumulation, as well as the institutional deficiencies in technology and industrial development. Latin America, which has fallen into the middle-income trap, finds it hard to upgrade its technology and is trapped in premature industrialization and the middle-technology trap. It can be said that Latin America has fallen into a double trap, which reinforces each other and forms a solid trap pattern. The warning from the Latin American experience is that late-developing countries need to maintain an open attitude during the process of technological catching up, build a complete technological innovation system, enhance industrial and technological governance capabilities, and seize the window of opportunity for technological and industrial upgrading. Otherwise, there is a significant risk of falling into the middle-income trap and even the double trap.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only), Economic growth, development, planning
The implementation of the Indonesian Army (TNI - AD) Territorial Development Policy is based on the policy implementation process approach which has several dimensions, namely size and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, communication, disposition, social, economic and political environment. This research uses a post-positivism paradigm with qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and document studies. The result is the Implementation of the Army Territorial Development Policy for the prevention of social conflict in Kodim 0618 / Bandung City, the researcher concluded that the implementation of the policy has not been carried out optimally because it has experienced several obstacles. Lack of clear information about territorial development to the TNI and the community, information that is not clear enough can complicate understanding of territorial development. The obstacle in the implementation can be caused by the low human resource factor.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Faced with dwindling oil and gas reserves, Brunei has been hard-pressed to diversify its reliance on hydrocarbon. China has emerged as an attractive prospect to the Brunei government, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative. This article analyses a few major Chinese projects in Brunei and postulates three interrelated arguments. Firstly, Chinese investors have targeted Brunei's natural resources and fiscal incentives. These firms have minimal interest in the Sultanate's small domestic market as they eye the export sector. Secondly, these projects have been orchestrated by China's provincially-owned state-owned enterprises (SOE) and private firms, instead of centrally- controlled SOEs. State support has generally been channelled to these projects in an at-arm's length manner. Thirdly, while Brunei is relatively skilled in attracting Chinese investors to further its own political economic goals, at least in the short-run, it is uncertain whether such capital exports have helped in ameliorating the structural limits of the country’s economy.
International relations, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
The study found that: (1) political thinkers of Islam agree that Islam requires the state to grounding its teaching through three approaches, Shari'ah, philosophical-theological, and human functional; implementation of the government is based on the basic principles of political Islam that are contained in the Al-Qur'an and Al-Sunnah, the Islamic political and historical facts at the time of the Prophet Muhammad and Khulafa al-Rasyidin Caliphs and (2) that the Al-Qur'an and Al-Sunnah do not explicitly mention the country (daulah), but only its basic principles. It can be understood that the muslim community, at any age and place, can implement these principles in a government system that varies from generation to generation
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Introduction. The introduction of new sources characterizing traditions of Buryat chronicle writing into scientific circulation remains an urgent task of Mongolian studies. Dozens of works and their various copies and editions are still there to be explored. The article precedes a further study and translation of a voluminous historical chronicle of the Aga and Khori Buryats. Goals. The study attempts a brief overview of the chronicle’s contents and approaches some peculiarities traced in its text. Materials and methods. The analysis of Rabzhi Sanzhiev’s writing involves a wide range of Buryat historical works — both chronicles and archival documents. The historical comparative and chronological methods prove instrumental in systematizing the data contained, while tools of textual and source studies have made it possible to delineate the author’s text proper. Results. The work identifies an extensive range of sources and the chronicle’s structure according to which R. Sanzhiev’s narrative be conventionally divided into a number of large sections, namely: Shirab-Nimbu Khobituev’s chronicle; copies of official documents; historical works by T. Toboev, D. Zayaev, S. Vandanov, A. Ochirov; and the author’s text. Conclusions. R. Sanzhiev’s writing is a major work of the historical documentary genre. The author undertook painstaking efforts to meticulously clarify data included in Shirab-Nimbu Khobituev’s chronicle and supplement certain facts and data, introduce additional findings from various sources. The continuation of Khobituev’s chronicle — despite the compiled facts are fragmented enough — acts as an independent composition. Archival documents on the history of Buryat self-governance and Buddhism, folklore texts, chronicles and legends included by the author into the narrative are of particular value.
History of Asia, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Andrei A. Bazarov, Marina V. Ayusheeva, Svetlana V. Vasilieva
Introduction. The paper examines collections of rare Mongolian-language Christian editions housed at depositories of Zabaykalsky Krai and Buryatia. Goals. The study attempts a socioarchaeographic analysis of the mentioned collections at the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (SB RAS) and the Kuznetsov Zabaykalsky Krai Museum of Local History and Lore. Materials and methods. In terms of methodology, the work rests on ‘cognitive history’ and some aspects of historical phenomenology. The paper assumes a content analysis of the collections be instrumental both in identifying Christian Buryat readers’ queries throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and in revealing specificities of missionary activity among Mongolic peoples in pre-revolutionary Russia. Conclusions. The content analysis of the two collections shows Transbaikalia was witnessing a specific cooperation between Protestant and Orthodox Christian missions. Personal libraries of Buryat Christians were largely compiled from Mongolian translations of the Bible funded mainly by the Protestant missions. The study attests to that the most promising missionary activity among Buryats (and Mongols at large) — dissemination of Christianity via primary education — was not supported by representatives of the missions. Our insights into the history of the collections show that results of Christian missionary translation activities aroused interest of Buryat Buddhists, and the latter tended to include such biblical translations into their libraries. Due to linguistic and historical circumstances, the Russian collections of Mongolian-language Christian publications have remained virtually unattended — both in terms of bibliographic description and scholarly research — for a long time. However, territorial, manufacturing and historical circumstances make the examined editions essentially unique. Our content analysis confirms there is a need for such investigations to reveal a coherent agenda of religious publications once used for the development of Christianity within Mongolian culture.
History of Asia, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
The Indonesian Institute of Sciences has carried out a comprehensive organizational restructuring (reorganization) in all lines. It has simplified the bureaucracy by minimazing organization structure, and optimizing organization functions. This reorganization was set in LIPI Regulation No.1 of 2019 concerning the Organization and Work Procedure of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (SOTK-LIPI), which has made fundamental changes to the overall service business process at LIPI, and has affected on science and technology supporting employees. This organizational arrangement aims to create competency-based research and service governance. The reorganization policy at LIPI is the basis for redistribution of science and technology supporting employees. This has changed the mobility of supporting employees, from stagnant and limited environment to dynamic and focused on service functions according to their specializations and functional positions. This research is focused on examining the effect of organizational restructuring on the performance improvement of science and technology supporting employees of LIPI, after LIPI Regulation concerning the Organization and Work Procedure is published. The research method used is explanatory survey. The data analysis technique used to test the model is multiple linear regression. The respondents who became the unit of analysis were as many as 200 respondents of science and technology supporting employees at LIPI. The results of this study indicate that the performance of supporting employees is simultaneously influenced by organizational rearrangement which includes reorganization of structure, technology, physical settings, and people.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Arus reformasi yang telah digulirkan saat ini, mengingatkan semua pihak akan pentingnya pemerintahan yang berorientasi kerakyatan. Dorongan ini telah membuat semua pihak untuk berbenah diri, termasuk model sistem pemerintahan kita yang selama ini dianggap terlalu dominan, sentralistik dan mengabaikan kepentingan rakyat
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Setiap organisasi pada hakekatnya bisa dan harus bisa berubah. Dalam hubungan ini, penggantian UU Nomor 5 yahun 1947 oleh UUNomor 22 tahun 1999 juga merupakan wujud perubahan dan atau reformasi pada bidang pemerintahan. Untuk menunjang keberhasilan dari proses dan tujuan perubahan tersebut, setiap pemerintah daerah perlu mengembangkan kompetensi inti yang dimiliki/diunggulkan agar dapat peningkatan kompetensi-kompetensi lain yang terkait. Inilah inti dari gagasan mengenai Model Saka Sakti.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Eka Sunahwati, Muhammad Syamsul Maarif, Anggraini Sukmawati
The purpose of this research was to analyze organizational performance improvement strategies in the Center for Testing the Implementation of New Fisheries Products (BBP2HP). The research was conducted using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method with Expert Choice software to analyze the structure and the main strategy alternatives. The analysis was based on primary data obtained through interviews with 11 experts. Research results showed that human resource development policy was the most crucial strategy in improving BBP2HP organizational performance with training and development as an integral part of the strategy. The results also showed that the factor of leadership was of most importance in ensuring that the strategy of improving organizational performance. In that regard, leadership qualities of BBP2HP head was identified as the most critical and influential actor in improving BBP2HP organizational performance Meanwhile, providing excellent services was identified as the top priority that BBP2HP must pursue in improving its organizational performance as public service unit. The implications of this study are public organizations should implement training and development in accordance with the needs of the organization; and the pivotal role that leadership plays in the strategic management of the organization in empowering and directing organizational resources towards achieving organizational goals in as effective and efficient a manner.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Sumitra Wicha, Benjaporn Saovapha, Sirirat Sripattarangkul
et al.
In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.
Political science (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Early in his administration, Rodrigo Duterte, the controversial sixteenth president of the Philippines, did what no other Filipino president has done before – announce a separation from the geopolitical interests of its former colonial master, the United States of America. Beyond the personal slights caused by the US criticism of his anti-drug campaign lies a deeper sense of historical grievance that has been ingrained in Duterte's generation and his identity as a Mindanaoan. Not only does he represent Mindanao's resentment towards “imperial Manila,” but also a historical blowback against “US imperialism.” Duterte's nationalist exhortations can be traced to the cycle of regime narratives in the Philippines, which serves as a medium for institutional continuity and change through the mobilisation of ideas at a discursive level. By reviving the anti-US nationalism of his youth, Duterte is repudiating the liberal reformist, albeit elitist, narrative of the Aquino-to-Aquino regimes. Duterte's so-called “pivot to China” is also a dramatic reversal of his predecessors’ strong anti-China and rabidly pro-American foreign policy position. This paper blends Vivien A. Schmidt's discursive institutional analytical framework with Stephen Skowronek's concept of presidential leadership in political time to analyse how crafted narratives are transformed into governance scripts that bind together a coalition of interests within a particular institutional setting.
International relations, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Purpose: A fundamental salubrious feature of western liberal democratic system of government is political parties which compete for power. Parties in western liberal democracies are crucial in that the political systems are divided into different bipartisan, single-party, and multiparty categories according to criteria as number of parties, role and special functions, and interactions among parties. The sheer diversity of the parties and ideological rift, which are closely related, indicates the health and vitality of the democratic system. With this in mind, it is argued that political behavior and competition in elections are interpreted in a framework informed by a single most important entity, i.e., political party. In the third millennium, with party system and political success and stability of states tightly associated, a question looming around relates the new mechanizations of democracy and party system. This is the major focus of the present article. Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve the major focus of the present article which is an attempt to provide some answers to the above questions through bringing into the light issues as democracy and party system, the place and role of parties in legislative process in western democracies, power transition between parties, and typology of political parties, in a qualitative undertaking. Findings: In West, political parties are formed due to democratization and liberalization processes of the societies; and formation of party system is an essential stage in political development trend. It is believed that in liberal-democratic systems, political pluralism is abridged in political partisanship and peaceful competition among parties for gaining power. If, nowadays partisanship is an inseparable element of western political life, however it has not completely responded towards requirements and could be problem in democracy, their presence could be also considered as a barrier against political pluralism; because today, political pluralism is limited to competition of certain state parties which are not able to provide real democracy due to burdening their political will on national and nation’s will. Actually, state parties foreclose equality of opportunities and parity of facilities and accordingly, chance of any kind of power from other political groups and biases and thus prevent continues and real flow of power by concentrating power in their own hands. If partisanship has been dual of liberal-democratic system at first, however, according to enhancement of role and power of political parties and their internalization, democracy or ruling of people on people is gradually replaced by ruling of parties. Originality/Value: The main logic of the present research is laid on the hypothesis that “increasing governmental political parties” and “partisanship of western governments” has caused the establishment of “partitocratic state (party oriented state)” and challenging “democracy” by “partitocracy”. In present era, individual and plural thoughts are replaced by party reasoning; and national and public will is turned to party will. Therefore, today, national politics and policy of the nation are prescribed by political parties which are turned to part of governments, and those governments which are abridged in political parties. This process is called as foundation of “partitocratic state (party oriented state)” in western communities.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Artikel ini menganalisis pelaksanaan desa wisata di Desa Bleberan, Kecamatan Playen, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Sebelum ada Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes), Desa Bleberan dikenal sebagai desa pelosok, terisolir, dan kekurangan air. Tingginya angka kemiskinan menjadi masalah utama yang dihadapi masyarakat setempat. Namun, setelah Pemerintah Desa bersama warga setempat berhasil membentuk BUMDes, kini Desa Bleberan berkembang dan menjadi desa wisata terbaik di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sementara, analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan sebagai berikut; (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) kesimpulan/verifikasi. Agar hasil kajian dapat kredibel, maka teknik triangulasi data digunakan saat validasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan Desa Wisata di Bleberan (2010-2014), pendapatan asli desa secara signifikan meningkat. Hal tersebut tidak lepas dari peran modal sosial yang dimiliki warga yang telah berkembang dengan baik seperti Organisasi Desa, Kepercayaan, Norma, dan Jaringan. Namun, pengelolaan BUMDes dinilai kurang efektif karena belum dikelola secara transparan dan akuntabel. Kemudian, upaya mewujudkan desa mandiri juga menghadapi tantangan sosial yaitu adanya kecemburuan antar dukuh terkait dengan dana bantuan yang diberikan serta munculnya pelaku ekonomi di sekitar area wisata yang berasal dari keluarga berekonomi mapan.
Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)