Hasil untuk "Plant ecology"

R. Brooker, Alison E. Bennett, W. Cong et al.

M. Barbour, J. H. Burk, W. D. Pitts

J. P. Grime, J. Hodgson, R. Hunt

R. P. McIntosh, P. Greig-Smith

S. Strauss, A. Agrawal

P. Alpert, E. Bone, Claus Holzapfel

G. Brader, S. Compant, Kathryn Vescio et al.

S. Eigenbrode, N. Bosque-Pérez, T. S. Davis

M. Schiavon, E. Pilon-Smits

P. Lefeuvre, D. Martin, S. Elena et al.

Boqin Zheng, Zhenghua Wang, Lingfeng Zeng et al.

Viral infections exert a complex influence on plant growth, modifying tolerance to abiotic stresses, with effects varying depending on the specific virus. Pseudostellaria heterophylla, a medicinal herb, is often infected by Turnip mosaic virus and Broad bean wilt virus 2, leading to mosaic disease. This study comprehensively investigated the effects of diverse viral infections on plant growth and response to environmental factors, evaluating specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, yield, aqueous extract, and polysaccharide content. Results indicate that Turnip mosaic virus and Broad bean wilt virus 2 co-infection result in decreased chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, yield, and polysaccharide content in Pseudostellaria heterophylla, compared with Broad bean wilt virus 2 infection alone. Broad bean wilt virus 2 alone only reduces chlorophyll and polysaccharide content. Plants infected with both viruses show a reduced response to leaf-air vapor pressure deficit in stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate compared to singly infected plants. Thus, the eradication of Turnip mosaic virus should be prioritized for Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation.

Hao‐Jun Chen, Yue Liu, Yun‐Shan Zhong et al.

ABSTRACT Surfactin, a lipopeptide antibiotic and quorum‐sensing (QS) mediator from Bacillus subtilis, has dual functions in microbial ecology and plant disease suppression. This study engineered B. subtilis R31 to overproduce comK and phrC, key regulators of surfactin biosynthesis, increasing surfactin yield by 45% compared to the WT strain. While elevated surfactin enhanced antimicrobial potential, comK‐mediated overproduction impaired biofilm formation and swarming motility, but rhizosphere colonisation was mostly unaffected. 16S rRNA sequencing of banana rhizospheres showed that surfactin selectively shaped the microbial community by enriching beneficial Bacillus species. Mechanistic studies confirmed surfactin's dual role as an antimicrobial and an intercellular signalling molecule for coordinated development in Bacillus populations. These results reveal the molecular mechanisms of R31‐mediated suppression of banana Fusarium wilt and offer a strategy for engineering synthetic microbial consortia by manipulating metabolic signalling pathways.

H. Lambers, R. Oliveira

J. Koricheva, J. Gurevitch

Jeffrey J. Jones, Christopher Shaw, Tsu‐Wei Chen et al.

Societal Impact Statement Refining circular multitrophic food production methods, which integrate plant, fish, and insect outputs, is imperative for environmental sustainability. Our findings suggest that the right protein choices in fish feed, like black soldier fly meal and poultry meal, can notably enhance the nutrient profile of fish waste water. This, in turn, is conducive for hydroponic cultivation, enhancing the nutritional attributes of plants like basil and lettuce. As we reduce environmental impact and optimize resource use, it is evident that our food ecosystems are deeply intertwined. Harnessing these synergies could redefine our approach to food production, paving the way for a more sustainable global future. Summary Optimization of nutrient use efficiencies in circular multitrophic food production systems (i.e., plant, fish, and insect production) is crucial for sustainability. This study tested how protein ingredient choice in fish feed influences the plant nutritional value of the fish waste water when used for hydroponic crop production. Waste water samples were obtained from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in which Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed different single protein source diets—black soldier fly meal (BSFM), poultry by‐product meal (PM), poultry blood meal (PBM), and fish meal. Water was analyzed for plant nutrients and used for lettuce and basil cultivation to evaluate their suitability for hydroponic crop production—viz. yield, mineral nutrient, and selected secondary metabolite levels. BSFM RAS water had the highest concentrations of K, Mg, and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn) of the RAS waters, whereas PM RAS water contained the highest P concentration and had a mean pH of 6.5 closer to the optimum pH for hydroponic plants. These RAS waters consequently lead to the highest yields in basil and lettuce indicating the importance of the aforementioned factors. From a plant production perspective, BSFM appears promising as a protein source in fish feeds for aquaponics. Usage of RAS waters for plant production helps reduce (i) environmental impact of RAS water and (ii) resource input in plant production. Longer term RAS trials should be conducted to determine the maximum nutrient concentrations achievable during fish production with diets including BSFM as the main protein source.

Andrea Krüger, Christine Stöhr

Flood events are likely to increase in the near future and are one of the events most threatening to agricultural production. Barley is the fourth most important crop and the cereal most sensitive to excessive moisture stress. Improving the stress tolerance of crops to a variety of stress factors caused by a more volatile climate is an important task for the coming years. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma-treated water (PTW) as a foliar spray to stimulate the antioxidant system of Hordeum vulgare and thereby improve plant stress tolerance. For this purpose, we analysed the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in barley leaves and roots without stress and under waterlogging conditions. PTW increased the content of total and reduced ascorbate in leaves as well as the content of reduced ascorbate in roots four weeks after treatment. This was observed both, under stress free conditions and after waterlogging and re-aeration. In leaves, enzyme activities also increased after re-aeration, and in roots, total and reduced glutathione levels increased after waterlogging compared to the control. The accumulation of low molecular weight antioxidants may increase tolerance to a variety of stress factors through more efficient scavenging of ROS. Overall, treatment of plants with PTW may trigger an adaptive response that leads to mitigation of the negative effects of stress, and thus, could be used as a priming agent for protection against subsequent more severe stress factors that occur in the plants' natural environment.

Lucie Vykydalová, Petra Martínez Barroso, Igor Děkanovský et al.

Rapeseed, weeds, and pathogens interact with each other. However, these interactions are not well understood. The aim of our work was to describe the relationships between weed vegetation and pathogen manifestations in rapeseed stands. Results from the four seasons show that different rapeseed stand structures produce different weed and pathogen responses. Eighteen weed species were identified in the rapeseed stands. The selected characteristics of rapeseed stands, pathogens, and weed manifestations were evaluated using redundancy analysis. Rapeseed stands with the highest levels of pathogens present (<i>Alternaria brassiceae</i> (Berk.) Sacc., <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (De Bary) Whetzel, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (Lib.) de Bary, <i>Verticilium longisporum</i> (C.Stark) Karapapa, Bainbr & Heale) had the lowest seed yield. There, the weeds <i>Cirsium arvense</i> (L.) Scop., <i>Tripleurospermum inodorum</i> (L.) Sch. Bip., <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> L. were more abundant in dense stands, and <i>Phoma lingam</i> (telomorph: <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> Ces. & De Not.) was more common. Mutual positive interactions may also include the relationship between weed species of the <i>Asteraceae</i> family and increased manifestations of <i>Phoma lingam</i>. A similar relationship can be expected for the weeds <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> (L.) Medik., <i>Descurainia sophia</i> (L.) Prantl and <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> symptoms.

Shenglin Li, Muneer Ahmed Khoso, Jiabo Wu et al.

The environmental conditions encompassing plants exert a significant impact on their appropriate growth and development. It is of utmost importance to investigate the mechanisms and signaling cascades underlying the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress in order to enhance the quality of crops. Plant growth and development processes are significantly impacted by abiotic stresses, which are intricately linked to their surroundings. Plants exhibit prompt genetic and metabolic network responses, mostly through signaling networks involving transcription factors that respond to stress, including WRKY, MYB, bZIP, AP2/EREBP, and NAC. Among these WRKY TFs transcription factors, fulfill a pivotal function in a diverse range of stress responses and developmental mechanisms. WRKY TFs greatly assist plants in coping with abiotic stress. These transcription factors oversee the control of several target gene categories and active involvement in numerous signaling cascades in plants through their interaction with the W-box cis-acting elements located in the promoters of these target genes.This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the signaling networks linked to WRKY TFs and their response mechanism to abiotic stress. In addition, we have explored the state of knowledge on WRKY TFs' effects on plants' response to a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, high temperatures, and cold. It elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms by which WRKY TFs govern signaling pathways and modulate gene expression, thereby conferring stress tolerance upon plants. Moreover, we have summarized the molecular function of WRKY TFs that are involved in tolerance to biotic stress. WRKY TFs, involved in signaling networks and hormonal routes like SA and JA, aid plants in inducing resistance mechanisms and coordinating defense responses against pathogens and environmental challenges. In order to enhance agricultural sustainability and augment crop resilience towards stress, strategies to manipulate the intricate regulatory networks involving WRKY TFs need to be established.

Feng Huang, Congyi Zhu, Minli Huang et al.

Bacteria, inhabiting around and in plant roots, confer many beneficial traits to promote plant growth and health. The secretion of root exudates modulates the nutritional state of the rhizosphere and root area, further selecting specific bacteria taxa and shaping the bacteria communities. Many studies of the rhizosphere effects have demonstrated that selection by the plant rhizosphere consistently enriches a set of bacteria taxa, and this is conserved across different plant species. Root selection effects are considered to be stronger than the rhizosphere selection effects, yet studies are limited. Here, we focus on the root selection effects across a group of 11 stress-resistant plant species. We found that the root selection consistently reduced the alpha diversity (represented by total number of observed species, Shannon’s diversity, and phylogenetic diversity) and altered the structure and composition of bacteria communities. Furthermore, root selection tended to enrich for clusters of bacteria genera including Pantoea, Akkermansia, Blautia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Novosphingobium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. Our study offers some basic knowledge for understanding the microbial ecology of the plant root, and suggests that several bacteria genera are of interest for future studies.