Hasil untuk "Photography"

P. Debevec

Luca Cazzaniga

Safety filters in commercial text-to-image (T2I) models systematically block legitimate artistic content involving the human figure, treating classical nude photography with the same restrictiveness as explicit material. While prior research has documented this problem extensively, no operational system exists that enables professional artists to generate artistic figure photography within the constraints of active safety filters. We present the FIGURA Method (Framework for Intelligent Generation of Unrestricted Artistic Results), a modular prompt engineering system comprising eight interconnected knowledge files, empirically validated through 200+ documented generation tests on FLUX 2 Pro (Cloud) with active safety filters at the default tolerance level. Our systematic testing reveals several previously undocumented findings: (1) safety filters primarily detect absence descriptions (references to missing clothing) rather than presence descriptions (references to body form), which we formalize as the Golden Rule; (2) artistic references to painters function simultaneously as aesthetic guides and as safety anchors that alter filter behavior; (3) spatial context operates as an independent filter variable, with documented success rate hierarchies; and (4) geometric vocabulary for body description bypasses pattern recognition in silhouette contexts. The system achieves documented success rates between 80% and 90% across five structured prompt templates, demonstrating that the artistic censorship problem identified in recent literature admits practical, systematic solutions that work with active safety mechanisms rather than circumventing them.

Long Cheng, Dalong Qi, Jiali Yao et al.

Snapshot ultrafast optical imaging (SUOI) plays a vital role in capturing complex transient events in real time, with significant implications for both fundamental science and practical applications. As an outstanding talent in SUOI, compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) has demonstrated remarkable frame rate reaching trillions of frames per second and hundreds of sequence depth. Nevertheless, as CUP relies on streak cameras, the system's imaging fidelity suffers from an inevitable limitation induced by the charge coupling artifacts in a streak camera. Moreover, although advanced image reconstruction algorithms have improved the recovered scenes, its high compression ratio still causes a compromise in image quality. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach termed all-optical discrete illumination compressed ultrafast photography (AOD-CUP), which employs a free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay (FACED) technique to temporally stretch femtosecond pulses and achieves discrete illumination for dynamic scenes. With its distinctive system architecture, AOD-CUP features adjustable frame numbers and flexible inter-frame intervals ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds, thereby achieving high-fidelity ultrafast imaging in a snapshot. Experimental results demonstrate the system's superior dynamic spatial resolution and its capability to visualize ultrafast phenomena with complex spatial details, such as stress wave propagation in LiF crystals and air plasma channel formation. These results highlight the potential of AOD-CUP for high-fidelity, real-time ultrafast imaging, which provides an unprecedented tool for advancing the frontiers of ultrafast science.

Amanda Sengeløv, Giacomo Capuzzo, Sarah Dalle et al.

Understanding the spatial distribution of strontium isotopes in plants or other archives within a region is crucial for various fields, including archaeology, environmental studies, food sciences and forensic science. This study aims to create a detailed dynamic strontium isoscape for Belgium through high-density plant sampling, presented in a web application (IsoBel) that serves the mentioned research fields. A total of 540 plant samples (199 locations), representing various species of grass, shrubs, and trees across Belgium were collected and were analysed for their strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) to create a first biologically available strontium map. Sampling sites were selected to cover diverse lithological formations and soil types, ensuring representative coverage of the region’s geological heterogeneity, by using a novel high density grid mapping method. Sixty-four previously published plants from 21 locations are also included in this study, bringing the total amount of plant samples used to 604 from 220 locations. The results reveal significant variations in 87Sr/86Sr across Belgium (ranging from 0.7054 to 0.7259), which reflect the underlying lithology and geological processes (tectonics, weathering,…) which shaped the landscape. Although overlapping 87Sr/86Sr is seen across the majority of lithologies, there is a statistically significant difference between the distribution of 87Sr/86Sr values across all different lithological units in Belgium (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < 0.0001). Distinct regional patterns were observed, with higher 87Sr/86Sr in the older geological south-eastern part of Belgium, compared to the younger north-western parts. The high-density plant sampling approach employed in this study allowed for enhanced spatial resolution and improved accuracy in the predictive surfaces for bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr created by Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK). These findings provide valuable insights into the geographic distribution of strontium isotopes within Belgium and offer a foundation for future studies in archaeology, ecology, environmental studies, food sciences and forensics. Furthermore, the extensive coverage of various plant species provided a robust representation of the local ecosystems and their strontium sources. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on regional strontium isoscapes, enhancing our understanding of the complex interplay between litho- and biosphere in shaping the strontium isotope compositions of ecosystems.

Tarwendpanga F. X. Ouédraogo, Simon P. Sawadogo, Abdoul Azize Millogo et al.

Abstract Background Malaria vectors reproduce through in-flight copulation within swarms, which remains poorly understood. Gaining insights into swarming and mating behavior is essential for optimizing novel vector control strategies including sterile insect technique, genetically modified mosquitoes, and behavior based intervention. This study investigates the factors influencing swarm dynamics and mating efficiency in Anopheles coluzzii. Methods We surveyed swarms across 40 residential compounds in Burkina Faso, georeferencing swarming sites and recording swarming times and height. In a subset of three compounds selected for detailed characterization, we also measured inter-swarm distances, counted swarm size from photography, and mating pairs through direct observation during swarming. Furthermore, we collected 30% of male mosquitoes from swarms to measure wing length and perform PCR analyses. We monitored environmental variables including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and luminosity. Finally, we performed spatial and statistical analysis using ArcGIS and R to determine how swarm and mating dynamics are correlated and how they depend on biological and environmental conditions. Results We identified 169 Anopheles coluzzii swarms and found strong evidence of spatial clustering (General G: P < 0.001; Moran’s I = 0.2, P < 0.001), with localized hotspots. Swarming occurred between 18:05 h and 18:45 h, extending into darkness at ~19:15 h. Swarms had an average height of 2.87 m (range: 1.0–3.2 m) and consisted of 83–2783 mosquitoes. Swarm size strongly predicted pairing success in Anopheles coluzzii (t = 9.16, P < 0.001) with larger swarms producing more pairs. However, individual pairing efficiency decreased with swarm size (t = −3.515, P < 0.001). Male size positively influenced individual pairing efficiency (t = 3.25, P = 0.002) but did not affect swarm size or total pairing frequency. Inter-swarm distances varied nonrandomly, suggesting interactions between neighboring and/or swarm markers. Conclusions This study shows that An. coluzzii swarming is shaped by both biological and environmental factors. While larger males achieved higher individual mating efficiency, swarm size was the strongest predictor of mating success. Larger swarms yielded more mating pairs overall, although efficiency declined with increasing density. In addition, swarms formed in clustered nonrandom patterns within compounds. These results highlight the interplay between male traits and environment in shaping swarming dynamics. Graphical Abstract

Yingying Zheng, Yun Long, Min Liu et al.

During the hydraulic performance experiment, significant vibration and noise were observed in the mixed-flow pump operating in the hump region. Cavitation occurrence in the impeller flow channels was confirmed through the transparent chamber. To analyze cavitation flow structure evolution in the mixed-flow pump, this paper integrates numerical and experimental approaches, capturing cavitation flow structures under the valley condition through high-speed photography technology. During the various stages of cavitation development, the cavitation forms are mostly vortex cavitation, cloud cavitation, and perpendicular vortex cavitation. Impeller rotation induces downstream transport of shedding cloud cavitation shedding structures. Flow blockage occurs when cavitation vortexes obstruct specific passages, accelerating cavitation growth that culminates in head reduction through energy dissipation mechanisms. Vortex evolution analysis revealed enhanced density of small-scale vortex structures with stronger localized core intensity in the impeller and diffuser. Despite larger individual vortex scales, reduced core intensity persists throughout the full flow domain. Concurrently, velocity profile characteristics across flow rates and blade sections (spanwise from tip to root) indicate heightened predisposition to flow separation, recirculation zones, and low-velocity regions during off-design operation. This study provides scientific guidance for enhancing anti-cavitation performance in the hump region.

Xiaoyi Zeng, Kaiwen Song, Leyuan Yang et al.

Neural implicit fields have established a new paradigm for scene representation, with subsequent work achieving high-quality real-time rendering. However, reconstructing 3D scenes from oblique aerial photography presents unique challenges, such as varying spatial scale distributions and a constrained range of tilt angles, often resulting in high memory consumption and reduced rendering quality at extrapolated viewpoints. In this paper, we enhance MERF to accommodate these data characteristics by introducing an innovative adaptive occupancy plane optimized during the volume rendering process and a smoothness regularization term for view-dependent color to address these issues. Our approach, termed Oblique-MERF, surpasses state-of-the-art real-time methods by approximately 0.7 dB, reduces VRAM usage by about 40%, and achieves higher rendering frame rates with more realistic rendering outcomes across most viewpoints.

Yuhan Bao, Lei Sun, Yuqin Ma et al.

Event cameras, or Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) are novel neuromorphic sensors that capture brightness changes as a continuous stream of "events" rather than traditional intensity frames. Converting sparse events to dense intensity frames faithfully has long been an ill-posed problem. Previous methods have primarily focused on converting events to video in dynamic scenes or with a moving camera. In this paper, for the first time, we realize events to dense intensity image conversion using a stationary event camera in static scenes with a transmittance adjustment device for brightness modulation. Different from traditional methods that mainly rely on event integration, the proposed Event-Based Temporal Mapping Photography (EvTemMap) measures the time of event emitting for each pixel. Then, the resulting Temporal Matrix is converted to an intensity frame with a temporal mapping neural network. At the hardware level, the proposed EvTemMap is implemented by combining a transmittance adjustment device with a DVS, named Adjustable Transmittance Dynamic Vision Sensor (AT-DVS). Additionally, we collected TemMat dataset under various conditions including low-light and high dynamic range scenes. The experimental results showcase the high dynamic range, fine-grained details, and high-grayscale resolution of the proposed EvTemMap. The code and dataset are available in https://github.com/YuHanBaozju/EvTemMap

Елихина, Ю.И.

Автор рассматривает концепцию и экспонаты выставки буддийского бурятского искусства из коллекции Государственного Эрмитажа» (XIII – начала XX века), призванной показать преемственность монгольской буддийской культуры начиная со времени Чингис-хана на основе богатой коллекции Государственного Эрмитажа. В экспозиции 2024 года соединились археологические артефакты и буддийские произведения скульптуры и живописи. Целью исследования является анализ концепции выставки и рассмотрение некоторых экспонатов. Выставка, впервые объединившая артефакты буддийского искусства, археологические находки и исторические фотографии, посвященные Бурятии, из Эрмитажа, значима в исследовании региональной истории и культуры. Ее новаторство заключается не только в уникальном сочетании экспонатов, но и в комплексном подходе к изучению культуры и искусства населявших эту территорию этносов. Выставка способствовала изучению круга предметов, связанных с историей, археологией и буддизмом Бурятии, помогла изучить культы, бытовавшие в XVIII – начале XX века. Материалом исследования стали экспонаты — находки С.В. Киселёва из средневековых городищ Бурятии и Забайкалья, входивших в состав Великого монгольского государства, предметы из коллекций Э.Э. Ухтомского, П.К. Козлова, А.К. Фаберже, Б.И. Панкратова. Буддийская серебряная скульптура происходит из личных комнат Николая Второго в Зимнем дворце. Фотографии нерчинского фотографа А.К. Кузнецова были поднесены цесаревичу во время его путешествия по Сибири и Забайкалью в 1891 году. Они отражали быт и культуры разных народов, населявших этот регион в конце XIX века. Исследование проведено с использованием проблемно-хронологического, историко-генетического, историко-сравнительного методов, а также метода исследования индивидуального явления в рамках поликонтекстуального подхода. В результате археологические находки и предметы буддийской традиции описаны во временной последовательности;выявлены процессы формирования иконографии и композиции. На основании анализа археологических артефактов, оригинальных текстов, предметов буддийского культа, архивных материалов, опубликованных источников и научных трудов раскрыт ряд вопросов становления и развития буддийской традиции как части духовной культуры регионов Бурятии и Забайкалья.

Jiajun Guo, Qingge Ji, Guangwei Shan

Abstract Current skeleton‐based action recognition methods usually assume the input skeleton is complete and noise‐free. However, it is inevitable that the captured skeletons are incomplete due to occlusions or noisy due to changes in the environment. When dealing with these data, even State Of The Art (SOTA) recognition backbones experience significant degradation in recognition accuracy. Though a few methods have been proposed to address this issue, they still lack flexibility, efficiency and interpretability. In this work, an overcomplete Graph Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder (GCDAE) is proposed which can act as a flexible preprocessing module for pretrained recognition backbones and improve their robustness. Taking advantages of the overcomplete and fully graph convolutional structure, GCDAE is able to rectify noisy joints while keeping information of unspoiled details efficiently. On two large scale skeleton datasets NTU RGB+D 60 and 120, the introducing of GCDAE brings significant robustness improvements to SOTA backbones towards different types of noises.

Sanjoy Kumar Pal, Soumen Sarkar, Surajit Chakrabarti

Determination of the Young modulus of a metal bar in the form of a cantilever is an old experimental concept. However, we have taken the advantage of modern advanced technology of smartphone camera to find the load depression graph of the cantilever by taking photographs with the smartphone camera. Smartphone photography allows us to find a precise transverse magnification of an object from the size of the real image formed on the sensor of the camera. Image size on the sensor can be obtained with micron level accuracy. From the load depression graph, we have determined the Young modulus of the bar. The sensitive measurements of the depression of the cantilever at its free end by its own weight, have allowed us to determine the density of aluminium. We have added an analysis of the chi squred minimisation technique for determining the parameters and their uncertainities in a linear fit. Starting from the curvature matrix we have made a comprehensive analysis of the error matrix relevant for a two parameter linear fit. Then we have shown how to form the error matrix for the fitted parameters which includes the covariance term between the two correlated parameters, in the context of our specific experiment. We have propagated the errors in the parameters to find the uncertainties in the Young modulus and the density of the bar. We have shown that a precise measurement is possible by smartphone photography.

Numair Khan, Douglas Lanman, Lei Xiao

The task of synthesizing novel views from a single image has useful applications in virtual reality and mobile computing, and a number of approaches to the problem have been proposed in recent years. A Multiplane Image (MPI) estimates the scene as a stack of RGBA layers, and can model complex appearance effects, anti-alias depth errors and synthesize soft edges better than methods that use textured meshes or layered depth images. And unlike neural radiance fields, an MPI can be efficiently rendered on graphics hardware. However, MPIs are highly redundant and require a large number of depth layers to achieve plausible results. Based on the observation that the depth complexity in local image regions is lower than that over the entire image, we split an MPI into many small, tiled regions, each with only a few depth planes. We call this representation a Tiled Multiplane Image (TMPI). We propose a method for generating a TMPI with adaptive depth planes for single-view 3D photography in the wild. Our synthesized results are comparable to state-of-the-art single-view MPI methods while having lower computational overhead.

Minan Tang, Kai Liang, Jiandong Qiu

Abstract The proportion of insulators in aerial power patrol images is small and the background of overhead lines is complex, often leading to incomplete and inaccurate detection of insulators. Therefore, an algorithm for detecting insulator targets based on multi‐feature fusion is developed in this study. Firstly, a dynamic threshold oriented fast and rotated brief algorithm is proposed, which uses the bag‐of‐words dictionary model to determine local shape features of the image, applies gradient weighting to the global texture feature vector extracted by the histogram of oriented gradients algorithm and performs radial gradient transformations to get the improved HOG of features. Secondly, the feature vectors are fused serially, the learning machine is trained and the parameters of the support vector machine are optimized using the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the target area is pre‐divided by the selective search algorithm, and the area is classified by the learning machine. The experimental results show that the proposed feature extraction method can describe the image details more accurately than the existing methods, and the average accuracy of the feature extraction classifier can reach 93.7%, which helps to overcome the incomplete detection problem of insulator detection at the aerial work site.

Valentina S. Lapshina

The existential and socio-psychological threats to human bodily and emotional existence are observed in the urbanized environment, and the origins of the modern urban crisis are discovered. The author attempts to assess the danger and consequences of urbanization for modern human society. The paper formulates a typology of urban activism in the context of socio-philosophical discourse. The aim of the research is philosophical comprehension of human existence in an urbanized environment. In accordance with the purpose, the tasks are outlined: to characterize the “city man”; to identify the contradictory consequences of urbanization for a modern Human; to determine the influence of urbanization atpeople’s lifestyle; to analyze the typology of the activities of city residents which(the activities) transform the urban environment in the context of modern urbanism. Object: urbanism as a socio-philosophical phenomenon, subject: the existential dimension of Human in an urban environment. Methodology. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, analogies, classifications, as well as philosophical methods of cognition (dialectical and hermeneutic). The method of generalization of philosophical and sociological issueswas applied and in particular by using interdisciplinary approach. The means of visual anthropology (cinematography, photography) are engaged in the study to analyze the documentary series “Homo Urbanus” whichis of special scientific value as a source of important social knowledge. The originality of the study: the existential crisis was studied in the focus of urban anthropology, a classification of types of urban activism was proposed. Practical application. The results of the study can be applied in the future interdisciplinary research, as well as in the urban anthropology studies, in the research of the mutual influence of the city and man, as well as of separate topics of educational courses (“Urban Studies”, “Philosophy”, “Sociology”, “Anthropology”, “Aesthetics of Architecture and Design”, etc.).

Zhenbing Zhao, Zhenbing Zhao, Zhenbing Zhao et al.

Introduction: To solve the problems of small proportion of bolts in aerial images of power transmission lines, small differences between classes, and difficulty in extracting refined features, this paper proposes a method for detecting power transmission line bolts and their defects based on positional relationships.Methods: Firstly, a spatial attention module is added to Faster R-CNN, using two parallel cross attention to obtain cross path features and global features respectively, and spatial feature enhancement is performed on the features output from the convolution layer. Then, starting from the spatial position relationship of bolts and their defects, using the relative geometric features of candidate regions as input, the spatial position relationship of bolts and their defects on the image is modeled. Finally, the position features and regional features are connected to obtain enhanced features. The bolt position knowledge on the connecting plate is added to the detection model to improve the detection accuracy of the model.Results and discussion: The experimental results show that the mAP value of the algorithm in this paper is increased by 6.61% compared to the Faster R-CNN detection model in aerial photography of transmission line bolts and their defect datasets, with the AP value of normal bolts increased by 1.73%, the AP value of pin losing increased by 4.45%, and the AP value of nut losing increased by 13.63%.

Simone Zini, Claudio Rota, Marco Buzzelli et al.

We introduce a camera pipeline for rendering visually pleasing photographs in low light conditions, as part of the NTIRE2022 Night Photography Rendering challenge. Given the nature of the task, where the objective is verbally defined by an expert photographer instead of relying on explicit ground truth images, we design an handcrafted solution, characterized by a shallow structure and by a low parameter count. Our pipeline exploits a local light enhancer as a form of high dynamic range correction, followed by a global adjustment of the image histogram to prevent washed-out results. We proportionally apply image denoising to darker regions, where it is more easily perceived, without losing details on brighter regions. The solution reached the fifth place in the competition, with a preference vote count comparable to those of other entries, based on deep convolutional neural networks. Code is available at www.github.com/AvailableAfterAcceptance.

Satoshi Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Kosuke Hirasawa

Artificial Intelligence for RObust Glaucoma Screening (AIROGS) Challenge is held for developing solutions for glaucoma screening from color fundus photography that are robust to real-world scenarios. This report describes our method submitted to the AIROGS challenge. Our method employs convolutional neural networks to classify input images to "referable glaucoma" or "no referable glaucoma". In addition, we introduce an inference-time out-of-distribution (OOD) detection method to identify ungradable images. Our OOD detection is based on an energy-based method combined with activation rectification.

Ilya Chugunov, Yuxuan Zhang, Felix Heide

Modern mobile burst photography pipelines capture and merge a short sequence of frames to recover an enhanced image, but often disregard the 3D nature of the scene they capture, treating pixel motion between images as a 2D aggregation problem. We show that in a ''long-burst'', forty-two 12-megapixel RAW frames captured in a two-second sequence, there is enough parallax information from natural hand tremor alone to recover high-quality scene depth. To this end, we devise a test-time optimization approach that fits a neural RGB-D representation to long-burst data and simultaneously estimates scene depth and camera motion. Our plane plus depth model is trained end-to-end, and performs coarse-to-fine refinement by controlling which multi-resolution volume features the network has access to at what time during training. We validate the method experimentally, and demonstrate geometrically accurate depth reconstructions with no additional hardware or separate data pre-processing and pose-estimation steps.

Q. Ye, X. Zhang, X. Zhang et al.

Using images from UAV oblique ultra-long focal small view field whiskbroom camera (ULF-SVF-WC) system for object positioning and mapping is more difficult than conventional aerial photogrammetry, for the particularity of oblique ULF-SVF-WC imaging mode. Therefore, the precision and accuracy of its object positioning are also quite different from that of the conventional UAV photography. In this paper, we analysed the accuracy of real-time object positioning without ground control points (GCPs) for images from UAV oblique ULF-SVF-WC System. Firstly, we studied the imaging principles and characteristics of the oblique ULF-SVF-WC system. Then, we established the coordinate transformation relationship from the object point to the image point and constructed a strict imaging model for oblique ULF-SVF-WC image, which was used for real-time single-ray back-projection positioning assisted by DEM. Thirdly, we quantitatively analysed the distribution and variation of the oblique ULF-SVF-WC image single-ray back-projection errors in theory based on error propagation law and simulation data. Finally, we conducted the experiment of real oblique ULF-SVF-WC flight images for the actual positioning accuracy analysis. The experiment results showed that: the influence of system error on positioning generally conforms to the distribution and variation of theoretical precision, that is, the accuracy of scanning direction is much lower than that of the flight direction; while the accuracy of actual single-ray back-projection positioning is evidently lower than that of the theoretical analysis and there are obvious system errors in the positioning residuals. It indicates that the 6 external orientation elements calculated from POS data contains obvious system error whose influence is greater than random error and this should be eliminated in real-time single-ray back-projection for object positioning.

A. Walter