Hasil untuk "Packaging"

B. Geueke, Ksenia J. Groh, J. Muncke

Abstract Food packaging facilitates storage, handling, transport, and preservation of food and is essential for preventing food waste. Besides these beneficial properties, food packaging causes rising concern for the environment due to its high production volume, often short usage time, and problems related to waste management and littering. Reduction, reuse, and recycling, but also redesign support the aims of the circular economy. These tools also have the potential to decrease the environmental impact of food packaging. In this article, we focus on chemical safety aspects of recycled food packaging, as recycling is currently seen as an important measure to manage packaging waste. However, recycling may increase the levels of potentially hazardous chemicals in the packaging and -after migration- in the food. Since exposure to certain chemicals migrating from food packaging has been associated with chronic diseases, it is of high importance to assess the safety of recycled packaging. Therefore, we describe recycling processes of commonly used food packaging materials, including plastics, paper and board, aluminum, steel, and multimaterial multilayers (e.g., beverage cartons). Further, we give an overview of typical migrants from all types of recycled food packaging materials, and summarize approaches to reduce chemical contamination. We discuss the role of food packaging in the circular economy, where recycling is only one of many complementary tools for providing environmentally-friendly and safe food packaging.

Meike Ketelsen, Meike Janssen, U. Hamm

Abstract Consumers play an important role in the market penetration of environmentally-friendly food packaging because it is they who decide whether or not to buy a particular product. The objective of this paper is to analyse the state of the art regarding consumers’ response to environmentally-friendly food packaging in order to identify existing barriers to purchase and potential measures to overcome these barriers. The paper is based on a systematic synthesis of 46 scientific journal articles on consumer studies related to environmentally-friendly packaging. The literature review applies a conceptual framework regarding the ways consumers respond to product stimuli and the psychological processes involved. Three important barriers to purchasing environmentally-friendly packaging are identified. First, consumers need guidance in recognizing environmentally-friendly packaging; for while consumers primarily consider the packaging material itself and any eco-labels, they also consider other packaging design elements such as colours and pictures of ‘nature’ that can be misleading. Second, it became obvious that consumers lack knowledge, in particular about new packaging materials like bio-based packaging. Third, many of the studies reviewed provide evidence that other product attributes such as price and product quality are more important to consumers than environmentally-friendly packaging. Nevertheless, some studies recorded a significantly higher willingness on the part of consumers to buy and pay for environmentally-friendly packaging and products with reduced packaging compared to products with standard packaging, signalling an overall positive attitude. The literature review revealed many research gaps. For example, it became obvious that consumers’ response to environmentally-friendly food packaging is not yet well understood, in particular with regards to purchasing behaviour (in the real world as opposed to in a survey setting) and measures for overcoming existing barriers.

Cen Zhang, Yang Li, Peng Wang et al.

Electrospun nanofibers with structural and functional advantages have drawn much attention due to their potential applications for active food packaging. The traditional role of food packaging is just storage containers for food products. The changes of retailing practice and consumer demand promote the development of active packaging to improve the safety, quality, and shelf life of the packaged foods. To develop the technique of electrospinning for active food packaging, electrospun nanofibers have been covalently or non-covalently functionalized for loading diverse bioactive compounds including antimicrobial agents, antioxidant agents, oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters, and ethylene scavengers. The aim of this review is to present a concise but comprehensive summary on the progress of electrospinning techniques for active food packaging. Emphasis is placed on the tunability of the electrospinning technique, which achieves the modification of fiber composition, orientation, and architecture. Efforts are also made to provide functionalized strategies of electrospun polymeric nanofibers for food packaging application. Furthermore, the existing limitations and prospects for developing electrospinning in food packaging area are discussed.

I. Kim, Karthika Viswanathan, Gopinath Kasi et al.

ABSTRACT Packaging of food products is one of the most important stages of the food supply chain. Nano-size materials for packing food substances with appropriate properties result in better packaging performance and longer food shelf-life. In this review, the application of ZnO nano-size in active packaging of foods is discussed to identify gaps in applications for food packaging and safety. First, the crystal structures and morphologies of modified ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are presented, and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities are discussed. This review also provides an overview of antimicrobial packaging containing ZnO NPs with a focus on preparation methods, antimicrobial mechanisms, and recent progress in packaging applications. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary antimicrobial mechanism, which can be varied depending on morphology and size. Generally, ZnO NPs can inactivate fungi or Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria growth, which reduce the risk of cross-contamination, thereby extending the shelf life of products. Notably, the health concerns and hazards regarding the safety and migration of ZnO NPs application are also elaborated. Unintentional migration, inhalation, skin penetration, and ingestion may result in human health hazards. Therefore, to provide safety regulations, further investigations such as case by case study are recommended.

H. Haghighi, Fabio Licciardello, P. Fava et al.

Abstract The recent sharp increase of sensitivity towards environmental issues arising from plastic packaging has boosted interest towards alternative sustainable packaging materials. This new trend promotes the industrial exploitation of knowledge on chitosan-based films. Chitosan has been extensively investigated and used due to its unique biological and functional properties. However, inherent drawbacks including low mechanical properties and high sensitivity to humidity represent major limitations to its industrial applications, including food packaging. In the present study, the scientific literature of the last five years has been extensively reviewed (source: Web of Science) addressing chitosan-based films for their potential application in the food packaging industry. The contribution summarizes the various strategies adopted to overcome inherent drawbacks and improve the properties of chitosan-based films, with special regards for blending with natural and synthetic biopolymers.

P. Coelho, B. Corona, Roland ten Klooster et al.

Abstract Packaging plays an important role in safely distributing products throughout today's society and supply chains. With a consumption of about 40% of plastics and 50% of paper in Europe, the packaging sector is a large user of materials. Packaging has a lot of environmental impacts, while it also represents a significant cost in the current supply system. Reusable packaging has been suggested as an option to significantly reduce environmental impacts. In this paper, we review the trends in reusable packaging and the literature on reusable packaging to generate insights into the current state-of-the-art knowledge and identify directions for research and development. This can help to better understand the key factors underlying the design and impacts of more sustainable packaging systems.

Xiaoying Zhao, K. Cornish, Y. Vodovotz

Plastic production has outgrown most other man-made materials, with more than 90% being petroleum-based and non-biodegradable. Packaging, primarily food packaging, consumes the most plastic and is the largest contributor to municipal solid waste. In addition, its dependence on crude oil feedstock makes the plastic industry unsustainable and renders plastic markets vulnerable to oil price volatility. Therefore, the development of bio-alternatives to conventional plastics is now a priority of the food packaging industry. Bioplastics are polymers that are either bio-based (fully or partially), or biodegradable, or both. This review aims to provide an insightful overview of the most recent research and development successes in bioplastic materials, focusing on food packaging applications. Bioplastics are compared to their conventional counterparts with respect to their mechanical, thermal, barrier, migration, and processability properties. The gaps between bio- and conventional plastics in food packaging are elucidated. Potential avenues for improving bioplastic properties to broaden their food packaging applications are critically examined. Furthermore, two of the most controversial topics in bioplastic alternatives, sustainability assessment and their impact on the plastic waste management system, are discussed.

S. Ahankari, A. Subhedar, S. Bhadauria et al.

The research in eco-friendly and sustainable materials for packaging applications with enhanced barrier, thermo-mechanical, rheological and anti-bacterial properties has accelerated in the last decade. Last decade has witnessed immense interest in employing nanocellulose (NC) as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to the current synthetic packaging barrier films. This review article gathers the research information on NC as a choice for food packaging material. It reviews on the employment of NC and its various forms including its chemico-physical treatments into bio/polymers and its impact on the performance of nanocomposites for food packaging application. The review reveals the fact that the research trends towards NC based materials are quite promising for Active Packaging (AP) applications, including the Controlled Release Packaging (CRP) and Responsive Packaging (RP). Finally, it summarizes with the challenges of sustainable packaging, gray areas that need an improvement/focus in order to commercially exploit this wonderful material for packaging application.

Saurabh Sid, R. Mor, Anand Kishore et al.

Sílvia Escursell, Pere Llorach-Massana, M. B. Roncero

Online purchasing, and hence e-commerce packaging production and use, have grown steadily in recent years, and so has their environmental impact as a result. This paper reviews the evolution of packaging over the last century through a compilation of scientific literature on e-commerce packaging focusing on its environmental side. The primary aims were to identify research gaps in e-commerce packaging and to propose new research lines aimed at reducing its environmental impact. A systematic search of abstracts was conducted to identify articles dealing with sustainability in e-commerce packaging in order to better understand changes in materials and formats, identify problems such as oversizing and allow prospective readers to become acquainted with the latest innovations in materials, sustainability and logistics. Based on existing research, packaging materials and technology evolved rapidly until the 1990s. Later, however, it has become increasingly difficult to further reduce their cost and environmental impact. Also, some packaging products continue to be made from non-renewable materials and thus restrict growth of e-commerce. Further research is needed with a view to producing new packages from renewable sources such as cellulose-containing materials, which are widely available in nature, or from recycled cellulose-based materials such as cartonboard. Improving distribution processes with new, more effective tools could additionally help alleviate the environmental impact of packaging. Similarly, new production processes such as additive manufacturing and 3D printing might help optimize package volume and shape, thereby facilitating more sustainable production through, for example, reduced CO2 emissions. Currently available technology can be useful to rethink the whole e-commerce packaging paradigm, which has changed very little over the past few decades.

Ludmila Motelica, D. Ficai, A. Ficai et al.

This review presents a perspective on the research trends and solutions from recent years in the domain of antimicrobial packaging materials. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities can be induced by the main polymer used for packaging or by addition of various components from natural agents (bacteriocins, essential oils, natural extracts, etc.) to synthetic agents, both organic and inorganic (Ag, ZnO, TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetic antibiotics etc.). The general trend for the packaging evolution is from the inert and polluting plastic waste to the antimicrobial active, biodegradable or edible, biopolymer film packaging. Like in many domains this transition is an evolution rather than a revolution, and changes are coming in small steps. Changing the public perception and industry focus on the antimicrobial packaging solutions will enhance the shelf life and provide healthier food, thus diminishing the waste of agricultural resources, but will also reduce the plastic pollution generated by humankind as most new polymers used for packaging are from renewable sources and are biodegradable. Polysaccharides (like chitosan, cellulose and derivatives, starch etc.), lipids and proteins (from vegetal or animal origin), and some other specific biopolymers (like polylactic acid or polyvinyl alcohol) have been used as single component or in blends to obtain antimicrobial packaging materials. Where the package’s antimicrobial and antioxidant activities need a larger spectrum or a boost, certain active substances are embedded, encapsulated, coated, grafted into or onto the polymeric film. This review tries to cover the latest updates on the antimicrobial packaging, edible or not, using as support traditional and new polymers, with emphasis on natural compounds.

Julie Nilsen-Nygaard, E. N. Fernandez, T. Radusin et al.

Fossil-based plastic materials are an integral part of modern life. In food packaging, plastics have a highly important function in preserving food quality and safety, ensuring adequate shelf life, and thereby contributing to limiting food waste. Meanwhile, the global stream of plastics into the oceans is increasing exponentially, triggering worldwide concerns for the environment. There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of packaging waste, a matter raising increasing consumer awareness. Shifting part of the focus toward packaging materials from renewable resources is one promising strategy. This review provides an overview of the status and future of biobased and biodegradable films used for food packaging applications, highlighting the effects on food shelf life and quality. Potentials, limitations, and promising modifications of selected synthetic biopolymers; polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate; and natural biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, alginate, gelatine, whey, and soy protein are discussed. Further, this review provides insight into the connection between biobased packaging materials and innovative technologies such as high pressure, cold plasma, microwave, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light. The potential for utilizing such technologies to improve biomaterial barrier and mechanical properties as well as to aid in improving overall shelf life for the packaging system by in-pack processing is elaborated on.

Hao Cheng, Hao Xu, D. Julian Mcclements et al.

Traditionally, food packaging is used for improving food quality and providing consumers with descriptions of products. A new generation of intelligent ("smart") packaging materials is being developed to continuously monitor the properties of packaged foods and provide real-time information about their maturity, quality, and safety. In this paper, recent research in the development, properties, and applications of intelligent food packaging materials is summarized. Initially, we review the different sensing methods that can be used to detect alterations in food properties, such as those based on changes in time, temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, pH, chemical composition, or microbial contamination. The different approaches that can be used to design intelligent packaging materials are then highlighted, including films, bar codes, and labels. A number of applications of these packaging materials are then discussed to demonstrate their potential in the food industry. Finally, the challenges and future directions of food packaging are discussed.

A. Nguyen, L. Parker, L. Brennan et al.

Abstract Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environmental consequences of packaging. Businesses are under pressure not only from consumers but also from governments to use eco-friendly packaging for their products. However, what consumers perceive to be eco-friendly packaging is still unclear, especially in emerging markets. This study examines consumer perceptions of eco-friendly packaging in the context of packaged food products of Vietnam. The study involved a series of six focus group discussions conducted with a diverse range of consumers. The focus of the discussion was consumer perceptions of eco-friendly packaging, particularly whether or not consumers would adjust their purchase behaviours to be more environmentally friendly. The data analysis procedure was undertaken using inductive manual coding principles associated with interpretivist research. The results indicate that consumer perceptions of eco-friendly packaging can be categorised along three key dimensions: packaging materials, manufacturing technology and market appeal. While consumers have diverse perceptions of eco-friendly packaging, their knowledge is limited and more related to packaging materials (such as biodegradability and recyclability), and market appeal (such as attractive graphic design and good price). Consumers show little knowledge about manufacturing technologies but still desire an eco-friendly manufacturing process. Results also suggest that a consumer-defined eco-friendly package for food products should be visually appealing while satisfying consumers’ environmental expectations relating to packaging materials and manufacturing process. We therefore propose a consumer-initiated development of eco-friendly packaging that can be applied for sustainable packaging strategies.

Emanuela Drago, R. Campardelli, M. Pettinato et al.

Innovation in food packaging is mainly represented by the development of active and intelligent packing technologies, which offer to deliver safer and high-quality food products. Active packaging refers to the incorporation of active component into the package with the aim of maintaining or extending the product quality and shelf-life. The intelligent systems are able to monitor the condition of packaged food in order to provide information about the quality of the product during transportation and storage. These packaging technologies can also work synergistically to yield a multipurpose food packaging system. This review is a critical and up-dated analysis of the results reported in the literature about this fascinating and growing field of research. Several aspects are considered and organized going from the definitions and the regulations, to the specific functions and the technological aspects regarding the manufacturing technologies, in order to have a complete overlook on the overall topic.

C. Vasile, M. Baican

Food packaging is designed to protect foods, to provide required information about the food, and to make food handling convenient for distribution to consumers. Packaging has a crucial role in the process of food quality, safety, and shelf-life extension. Possible interactions between food and packaging are important in what is concerning food quality and safety. This review tries to offer a picture of the most important types of active packaging emphasizing the controlled/target release antimicrobial and/or antioxidant packaging including system design, different methods of polymer matrix modification, and processing. The testing methods for the appreciation of the performance of active food packaging, as well as mechanisms and kinetics implied in active compounds release, are summarized. During the last years, many fast advancements in packaging technology appeared, including intelligent or smart packaging (IOSP), (i.e., time–temperature indicators (TTIs), gas indicators, radiofrequency identification (RFID), and others). Legislation is also discussed.

Swarup Roy, Ruchir Priyadarshi, P. Ezati et al.

Active and intelligent food packaging is an innovative technology to prevent food contamination and ensure food quality and safety. Active packaging protects the food from microbial contamination, while smart or intelligent packaging enables monitoring the freshness of the food or quality change in real-time. Curcumin, one of the most well-known natural colorants, has received a lot of attention for its excellent functional properties and ability to change color with changes in pH. Curcumin, the golden component of turmeric, a spice widely used in food since ancient times, is a cost-effective and abundant biomaterial with various biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory. Recently, active packaging or intelligent packaging systems have been actively developed using the functional properties of curcumin. In this review, we briefly reviewed curcumin's basic biological functions and discussed comprehensive and recent progress in using curcumin in various polymer-based active and smart food packaging applications.

Patricia Cazón, M. Vázquez

ABSTRACT The relevant presence of food packaging in our society is due to its role in food preservation and minimizing food waste along the distribution chain. However, the high consumption of packages has entailed a large waste production. The main materials employed for food packaging are high, low and very low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polypropylene. They are non-biodegradable and with several limitations that hinder their recycling. Biodegradable polymers from natural resources are a potential raw material to develop novel food packaging materials. Among the natural polymeric materials, cellulose of bacterial origin, is a material with extraordinary and differentiated properties from other polysaccharide-based polymers that is gaining special interest for applications in the Food Industry. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main properties of bacterial cellulose for the development of films for food packaging and to collect the current knowledge of the uses for food packaging.

Gonzalo Wandosell, M. Parra-Meroño, A. Alcayde et al.

Sustainable development is a global objective that aims to address the societal challenge of climate action, the environment, resource efficiency, and raw materials. In this sense, an important strategy is the promotion of green packaging, that is, the use of sustainable materials and designs for the packaging of goods. In recent years, many research works have been published in the specialised area covering the different perspectives and dimensions of green packaging. However, to our knowledge, no previous investigations have analysed the research activity on green packaging from business and consumer perspectives. The present study intends to fill this gap by analysing all of the publications found in the Scopus database with the help of visual analytic tools, including word clouds and Gephi network visualization software. More specifically, our study analyses the impact of green packaging from business and consumer viewpoints, including some specific issues such as the design and materials used in green packaging, green packaging costs, marketing strategies and corporate social responsibility related to green packaging, and the impact of green packaging in waste management, the circular economy, logistics, and supply chain management. The results obtained reveal the growing interest of scholars and researchers in all of these dimensions, as is made patently clear by the increasing number of journal publications in recent years. The practical implications of this study are significant, given the growing awareness among companies and consumers about the importance of the promotion of sustainable development through green packaging alternatives. More specifically, the results of this research could be very useful for all of those agents who are interested in learning about the main lines of research being developed in the field of green packaging.

Hao Tang, Ting Qin, Zhiwen Yan et al.

ObjectiveDioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), a widely used plasticizer in food packaging and environmental materials, has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on human health. This study aims to investigate the neurotoxicity-related mechanisms of DOTP through an integrated approach combining network toxicology, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vivo validation.MethodsWe retrieved the DOTP chemical structure from PubChem and predicted potential protein targets using the Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA), SwissTargetPrediction, and SuperPred. We performed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using STRING and Cytoscape to identify core neurotoxicity-associated targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to characterize the biological relevance of the 90 intersecting targets. We used AutoDock to assess the binding affinity of DOTP to the core proteins, and employed GROMACS for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the stability and conformational dynamics of the docked complexes. In vivo experiments, encompassing behavioral assessments, histological examinations, and molecular assays, were conducted to evaluate the effects of DOTP on neurological function, neuronal integrity, and target pathway dysregulation.ResultsWe identified 90 neurotoxicity-related targets, among which EGFR, BCL2, CASP3, MAPK8, TLR4, NFKB1, and MTOR emerged as core nodes within the PPI network. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the involvement of these targets in diverse biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, and signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated favorable binding affinities between DOTP and the identified core targets, a finding further supported by MD simulations. Moreover, DOTP-treated mice exhibited significant neurofunctional deficits and neuronal loss, accompanied by profound oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic activation, substantiating its potential neurotoxicity.ConclusionOur findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the predicted molecular mechanisms of DOTP-induced neurotoxicity. The integration of computational modeling and in vivo phenotypic validation suggests that DOTP may pose neurological risks, highlighting the need for further experimental evaluation of plasticizer alternatives.