Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

Shinge Jagannath, Walhekar Vinayak, Muthal Amol et al.

Background: Garuga pinnata Roxb., a member of family Burseraceae, is a commonly grown plant in south east Asia including India in tropical rain forests predominately. Apart from folkloric use, important anti-inflammatory and antiasthamatic activity of this plant has been revealed. Objective: This study is aimed to know neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts which is based on the computationally determined NMDA as molecular target. Material and Methods: Well dried ethanolic extract of leaves was examined for the presence of amentoflavone with LC-MS/MS which offered the fragments those mimicked the fragmentation of amentoflavone. Effect of ethanolic extract was studies by dividing experimental rat groups each consisting of six animals into sham group, control group, GPE 200 mg/kg and GPE 400 mg/kg groups and were operated for hassle free administration of colchicine. The pharmacological study involved Morris water maze test, Elevated plus maze test and Open Field Box Test. Results: In Morris water maze test, both the selected doses of extracts showed significant decrease in the mean escape latencies upon colchicine challenge. Similarly, in both the doses of the extract showed improved motor and grooming effects in elevated plus maze test upon colchicine injection and also significant ambulatory movements were recorded in open field box test too. Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of Garuga pinnata on the experimental animals showed significant restoration of the memory capacity of the tested animals, thus the computationally explored insights and pharmco-behavioral screening were quite closure to each other.

Beomku Kang, Younbyoung Chae

Seon Changwoo, Kim Min-jeong

Background: This study aimed to develop standard clinical pathways (CP) for patients with degenerative hip and hand arthritis, ensuring consistent care, maximizing treatment effectiveness, and enhancing clinical applicability in Korean medicine. Methods: The CPs were developed based on the 2024 Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines, refined through a literature review and expert consultations, and validated using a 10-point Likert scale survey among 11 experts in Korean medicine, covering topics such as patient assessment, diagnostic tests, treatment methods, and patient education. Results: Most items demonstrated high validity with median values > 8. However, Korean medicine tests and laser acupuncture had lower scores, indicating lower perceived relevance. Conclusion: The developed CPs provide a framework for clinical application, requiring future evaluations and refinement to enhance patient care and standardize Korean medicine treatments for degenerative arthritis.

Ana Carolina Nunes Almeida, Mariana Procópio Arruda Lemos, Elaine Cristina Dias Franco Franco

Objetivo: Compreender, na perspectiva dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), os significados atribuídos à adolescência, bem como as estratégias de acolhimento e de acompanhamento das condições de saúde do adolescente-família no cotidiano da prática profissional. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, que analisou 13 entrevistas realizadas com profissionais da ESF de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para o tratamento dos dados produzidos no corpus do estudo, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, na percepção dos profissionais da ESF, a compreensão da adolescência é permeada pela definição da faixa etária, por mudanças hormonais e psicossociais. A dependência das redes sociais apresentou-se como um dos principais desafios durante este ciclo de vida. Não foram relatadas ações de planejamento e de saúde específicas voltadas ao adolescente e sua família, mas sim, iniciativas individuais de atenção à saúde para atender à demanda deste grupo. Conclusão: O estudo contribui para o aprofundamento da temática adolescência nas ações de cuidado pela equipe da ESF. A construção de estratégias coletivas para contemplar este público, buscando qualificar o cuidado pautado nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio de práticas de saúde interprofissionais que atendam às necessidades da população, são recomendadas. Na formação, estimula-se a reorganização dos currículos dos cursos de graduação em saúde por ciclos de vida, com foco na atenção à saúde do adolescente. Estudos complementares são esperados, buscando ampliar o número de ESF participantes e incluindo adolescentes e famílias como participantes de pesquisa.

Yiwen Chen, Zihan Zhou, Luzheng Zhang et al.

Objective: To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (A. membranaceus, Huang Qi), Astragaloside IV (AIV) and Astragalus polysaccharides (AP), to characterize their properties, evaluate their in vivo efficacy, and to analyze drug diffusion using dissolving microneedle (DMN) technology in vivo. Methods: Respectively, AIV- and AP-loaded DMNs comprising chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared via dual-mold forming. Their morphology, mechanical properties, in vivo solubility, and skin irritation characteristics were tested. In vivo efficacy was assessed in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, in vivo diffusion of AIV and AP by DMNs and conventional methods was compared, and the rheological properties of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA mixtures were measured. Results: Subcutaneous dissolution and absorption of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA microneedles (MNs) at low doses (50%–17% of intraperitoneal AIV injection and 12%–4% of intravenous AP injection) reduced the spleen index and acid phosphatase activity in immunosuppressed mouse models, increased the thymus index, and achieved equivalent or better systemic therapeutic effects. Compared with injections, AIV and AP achieved controllable solid-liquid conversion through delivery with CTS-PVA MNs, resulting in highly localized aggregation within 48 h, reducing the initial explosive effect of the drug, and achieving stable and slow drug release. Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the efficacy and remote effects of drug-loaded DMNs from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, thereby promoting the development of precise and efficient delivery of TCM and further expanding the drug-loading range and application scenarios for DMNs.

Verônica Ebrahim Queiroga, Isli Maria Oliveira Martins, Ailma de Souza Barbosa et al.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa no conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva, com enfoque no Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU). Utilizou o delineamento de estudo quase experimental, do tipo grupo único, antes e depois, desenvolvido em um município da região Nordeste do Brasil. A intervenção educativa foi um curso de capacitação, teórico-prático, na modalidade remota, com carga horária de 30 horas, para enfermeiros em consulta ginecológica com enfoque no DIU. Utilizou-se um instrumento, avaliado por especialistas na área da saúde da mulher. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022. Foram seguidas as recomendações éticas para pesquisas com seres humanos. Participaram do estudo 31 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde. O nível de conhecimento dos enfermeiros no pré-teste foi classificado como “satisfatório” (n=21; 67,7%) e no pós-teste como “muito satisfatório” (n=16; 51,6%). Houve diferença estatística significativa entre o número de acertos no pré e pós testes dos participantes, com aumento de acertos no pós-teste. A intervenção educativa mostrou-se efetiva para promover mudanças no conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva com enfoque no DIU.

Yoon-Jae Won, Sun-Woo Kang, Myeong-Yeol Yang et al.

The discoid meniscus is an innate modified form of the meniscus, characterized by middle hypertrophy and a larger than the regular diameter, leading to an absence of the characteristic “C” arrangement. Previously, no study has reported the traditional Korean medicine treatment of knee pain mainly due to discoid meniscus. Here, we report two cases of a discoid meniscus of the knee as the cause of knee pain. Patients were diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging for discoid meniscus and received traditional Korean medicine treatments, including pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and chuna. The pain was alleviated when assessed by patient-reported pain scale scores, and the general knee condition was improved. Thus, traditional Korean medicine treatments could be effective for patients who had discoid meniscus of the knee joint in this case report.

Silvia Salvalaggio, Leonardo Boccuni, Andrea Turolla

Abstract Background and purpose In neurorehabilitation clinical practice, assessment is usually more oriented to evaluate patient’s present status, than to plan interventions according to predicted outcomes. Therefore, we conducted an extensive review of current prognostic models available in the literature for recovery prediction of many functions and constructs, after stroke. We reported results in the form of a practical guide for clinicians, with the aim of promoting the culture of early clinical assessment for patient stratification, according to expected outcome. Summary of key points To define a roadmap for clinicians, a stepwise sequence of five actions has been developed, from collecting information of past medical history to the adoption of validated prediction tools. Furthermore, a clinically-oriented organization of available prediction tools for recovery after stroke have been proposed for motor, language, physiological and independency functions. Finally, biomarkers and online resources with prognostic value have been reviewed, to give the most updated state of the art on prediction tools after stroke. Recommendations for clinical practice Clinical assessment should be directed both towards the objective evaluation of the present health status, and to the prediction of expected recovery. The use of specific outcome measures with predictive value is recommended to help clinicians with the definition of sound therapeutic goals.

Gabriel Ricardo Velho, Luciana Zambillo Palma, Cristine Warmling et al.

Frente à pandemia da COVID-19, os serviços de saúde bucal enfrentaram um novo cenário dos padrões adotados em relação à biossegurança e readequação dos processos de trabalho. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as rotinas e processos de trabalho das Equipes de Saúde Bucal no serviço público e privado do Rio Grande do Sul durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Desenho do estudo: O estudo observacional, quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, trata-se de um recorte do estudo multicêntrico “Biossegurança em Odontologia para o enfrentamento da COVID-19: análise das práticas e formulação de estratégias”. A coleta de dados, ocorreu entre agosto e outubro de 2020, com questionário inédito no formato on-line que foi enviado aos profissionais inscritos no Conselho Regional de Odontologia-RS por e-mail e através das redes sociais. Participaram 644 profissionais, 82,45% são cirurgiões-dentistas, 13,19% auxiliares de saúde bucal e 4,34% técnicos de saúde bucal. De forma geral os profissionais responderam que tiveram acesso às notas técnicas. Os trabalhadores que atuam no serviço público foram mais testados para a COVID-19, também suspenderam os atendimentos eletivos e se afastaram das atividades profissionais em maior proporção do que aqueles vinculados ao serviço privado. Ainda que em menor proporção, trabalhadores do setor público assumiram novos papéis no serviço à frente de combate à COVID-19. A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe mudanças importantes para a prática odontológica, e repensar os processos de trabalho em saúde bucal, olhando para as fragilidades e potencialidades do trabalho em equipe parecem ser os novos desafios para os profissionais da odontologia.  Palavras-chave: Biossegurança. Odontologia. Processos de trabalho. Saúde Bucal. COVID-19  

Silvana Tozzo Ritta

O trabalho é resultado de encontros inesperados. O primeiro encontro foi com o vírus SARS-CoV-2, a partir do qual desenvolvemos este trabalho. O objetivo é analisar as situações de conexão entre saúde e espiritualidade nos atendimentos dos pacientes acometidos por Covid-19, em áreas hospitalares do estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante a pandemia da Covid-19, identificando, comparando e relatando essa experiência. Na metodologia, optamos por um estudo de caso exploratório. Descrevemos toda complexidade de um caso concreto, já que o tema é ainda novo, inesperado, com poucos estudos, de modo a capturar um momento único para estudos futuros. Fontes de evidências utilizadas na pesquisa combinaram diferentes técnicas: observação participante pela pesquisadora e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Narrativas foram organizadas em eixos, são eles: formação, plano terapêutico, abordagem humanizada e protocolos. Isso possibilitou reflexões e observações entre relatos e observações da pesquisadora baseados na análise proposta por Minayo (2009), bem como através de diálogos com autores que transitam pelo tema. Resultados mostraram que a crise sanitária trouxe um medo que permeou todos os ambientes hospitalares. Ademais, a necessidade da construção de um novo fazer, incluindo o cuidado espiritual no plano terapêutico de forma clara e direta, baseada em estruturas éticas e humanizadas. Concluímos esta dissertação, não só relatando as principais experiências de superação de obstáculos e expressão de experiências com o sagrado no processo de cuidar dos indivíduos, como também propondo um objeto pedagógico (podcast), que tem por função complementar propostas de capacitação no e para o trabalho. Palavras-chave: Pandemia. Espiritualidade. Religiosidade. Crise sanitária. COVID-19. Educação.

Ahmed Mahrous Elsayed, Elham Elsayed Salem, Sahar Mohamed Nour Eldin et al.

Abstract Background Adaptive seating is commonly used as an intervention method to enhance postural control. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using therapy ball as a seat alternative to using typical chair on grasping and visual motor integration in the children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. For this aim, thirty children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy from both sexes were included in this study. The children ages ranged from 3 to 6 years old. The degree of spasticity was 1 to 1+ according to modified Ashworth scale. The children were able to sit independently and follow instructions. Children were randomly assigned into two groups (experimental group and control group). Each child was evaluated before and after 3 successive months of selected occupational therapy exercises program. All the children of both groups received the same selected occupational therapy exercises program, but the children in the experimental group performed the exercises while sitting on therapy ball, and the children in the control group performed the exercises while sitting on typical chair. Results There was a significant improvement in the measured variables for both groups after treatment. The post-treatment results of the two groups of grasping and visual motor integration for age equivalent scores revealed significant difference (p=0.008 and p=0.011 respectively) in favor of the experimental group. Conclusions Therapy ball could be used as a seat alternative to using typical chair to facilitate visual motor integration and grasping in the children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.

Doaa Mohamed, Faten Abd Alazim, Elham Salem et al.

Abstract Background The treatment for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can lead to multiple adverse effects, including poor physical capacity and muscle weakness. This study aimed to determine which is more effective, aerobic exercises or modified strength training program, on muscle strength and quality of life (QOL) for children with ALL. Results In terms of muscle strength, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in selected group of muscles elbow flexors, shoulder abductors, hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors at both sides in group B compared with group A, whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups on QOL. Conclusion The outcomes of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the selected group of muscles at both sides in group B compared with group A; thus, the modified strength training program is more effective for muscle strength of children with ALL than aerobic training, but there was no significant difference between them on QOL. Trial registration The clinical trial registered in clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier number NCT03147365

H R Nagendra, R Nagarathna, S K Rajesh et al.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses an ever-increasing threat to people's health worldwide. India has reported high rates of incidence of T2DM. The dangers make accurate assessment of its burden and intervention of lifestyle change, an urgent necessity. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the nationwide prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, followed by a translational lifestyle trial. Methodology: The Indian Yoga Association was commissioned in 2016–2017 by the Government of India to conduct this study which was undertaken in two phases: Phase 1 was to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes across the country, and Phase 2 was to conduct a randomized controlled trial using a validated yoga lifestyle protocol. This paper highlights the unique methodology of Phase 1 of the study. The first stage was screening (February to April 2017) for adults (>20 years) with high risk for diabetes on Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) on mobile app, using a random cluster sampling survey method. All households in the rural (4 villages with about 500 adult population/village) and urban (2 census enumeration blocks [CEBs] of about 1000 adult population/block) sectors of 65 districts (one per ten districts in the entire country) from 29 out of 35 states of India were approached. In the second stage, detailed assessments (sociodemographic, clinical details, A1c, lipid profile, body mass index, stress, and tobacco) were carried out on those with high risk on IDRS and on all self-reported diabetes individuals. Results: In the first stage of door-to-door visit, 240,968 adults in all households of the selected clusters of villages and CEBs were approached. Of these, 162,330 responded. The respondents in the second stage for detailed assessments in the selected cohort were 50,199 (48% rural and 52% urban) adults. Of these, 7472 were self-reported known diabetes adults and the remaining were 42,737. Prevalence estimates for the country will follow in the future publications. Conclusion: This rapid survey completed within 3 months in the entire country using trained volunteers offers the methodology to obtain a quick estimate of diabetes and high-risk population to implement any lifestyle program.

Venil N. Sumantran, Pratibha P. Nair

This ‘discussion paper’ raises ‘provocative questions’ to identify physiological systems underlying vata dosha and candidate biomarkers for vata activity. We explained the strong correlations between survival and homeostatic functions of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, and functions governed by the five major sub-types of vata dosha (Praana, Udana, Vyaana, Samaana, and Apana). Four reasons were provided to hypothesize that vagal activity is a reliable candidate biomarker of important vata dosha functions. First, normal vata dosha and the vagus maintain neural, respiratory, and digestive homeostasis, and dysfunctions in both entities cause very similar diseases. Second, vata dosha regulates higher neural functions such as mental health and behaviour, and the ‘polyvagal theory’ proposes similar functions for the vagus. Third, the similar roles of vata dosha and vagus in maintaining gut homeostasis, suggest that vagal activity in the ‘gut-brain’ link is a candidate biomarker of pakwashaya (lower gut), a primary regulatory site for vata dosha. Fourth, the vagus is the only vital nerve whose activity can be reliably measured and manipulated. Indeed, vagal nerve stimulation is a USA-FDA approved therapy for certain ailments attributed to impaired vata dosha. No other nerve or dosha, has such multi-functional and life-sustaining properties. These arguments position vagal activity as a suitable candidate biomarker for certain functions of vata dosha. Keywords: Biomarker, Vata dosha, Vagus, Vagal nerve stimulation

Weiguang Wang, Xinyan Liu, Xing Liao et al.

Background: Some scholars believe modern Zangxiang concept is conceived under the thought of bio-medicine (Western medicine), which differs greatly compared to the ancient one. The view put forward stirs up great argument. Therefore, we attempt to explore whether the modern Zangxiang concept can fully reflect the specific content and structural relationship of ancient one through analyzing the frame structure of modern Zangxiang concept. Methods: The qualitative content analysis was used. The document was selected from Zangxiang Chapter in Fundamental Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (7th edition). The textual document was added to QSR International’s NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Text was manually coded line by line according to the content described, and new categories were identified which were further divided into initial code, sub-theme, and theme. The relationships among them were explored, and a visual map of the body of knowledge (BoK) in Zangxiang theory was depicted. The similarities and differences between modern and ancient Zangxiang concepts were discussed by interpreting these themes, relationships and the visual map. Results: After analysis, there were 126 initial codes, 13 sub-themes, and 4 themes including structure, function, functional outcome and the corresponding external sign. Two principal relationships, generation and mutual promotion, restriction, and inter-dependence in function were obtained. By analyzing four themes and two kinds of principal relationships, we found five different aspects between modern Zangxiang concept and ancient Zangxiang theory. Conclusion: The BoK of the modern Zangxiang concept contains four themes: structure, function, functional outcome, and the corresponding external sign. The principal relationship is referring to generation between structure and function, and between function and its corresponding outcomes. Great differences exist when talking about modern Zangxiang concept which doesn’t reflect TCM characteristics and is more inclined to bio-medicine in structure from the perspective of ancient TCM theory.

P. Ram Manohar, Oleg Sorokin, James Chacko et al.

The present study is a comparison of the data of spectral analysis of heart rate variability with clinical evaluation of pathological state of doshas. The calculated cardiointervalography values are combined into three integral indexes, which according to the authors' opinion reflect the influence on heart rhythm of vata, pitta and kapha, the regulation systems of the body known as doshas in Ayurveda. Seven gross dosha imbalances were assessed to test the agreement between the two methods in this study. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) spectral data was collected from 42 participants to make the comparison with the clinical assessment of dosha imbalance. Clinical method of dosha assessment and method of calculating integral indexes by cardiointervalography data showed substantial agreement by Kappa coefficient statistic (k = 0.78) in assessment of gross dosha imbalance. The results of the data generated from this pilot study warrant further studies to rigorously validate the algorithms of HRV analysis in understanding dosha imbalance in Ayurvedic clinical practice and research settings. Keywords: Heart rate variability, Ayurveda, Spectral analysis

Kalyani H Barve, Neha Ojha

Ayurveda, which is one of the traditional systems of medicine of India, reports the seeds of Abrus precatorius (family: Fabaceae) can be used therapeutically after shodhana process, which removes the toxin. The main objective was to scientifically study the shodhana process by evaluating the safety and efficacy of A. precatorius seeds. Aqueous extract (A1) and detoxified extract (A2) of the seeds were prepared by a process described in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method was developed for the two extracts using different solvent systems. Identical spots were obtained in A1 with reference values (Rf) 0.27, 0.47, and 0.79, whereas A2 showed the absence of spot having Rf value 0.47, which could possibly be the toxin found in the intact seed. A1 and A2 were evaluated for their safety and efficacy. The acute toxicity studies for A1 and A2 revealed that A1 was toxic, whereas A2 was safe at the dose of 2 g/kg. Absence of toxicity in the detoxified extract suggests removal of toxic material in processed seeds. The results obtained for hair growth activity of both the extracts were comparable to that of the standard. However, A2 showed better results in comparison to A1. Thus, the shodhana process described in Ayurveda helps in removing the toxin, while retaining the efficacy at the same time. The statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance.

Sandra Maria Galheigo, Larissa de Almeida Alves Tessuto

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar as trajetórias, percepções e inquietações de terapeutas ocupacionais e docentes de terapia ocupacional em programas hospitalares, representando parte dos resultados de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de conhecer as percepções e representações desses profissionais sobre as práticas hospitalares da terapia ocupacional. Foram entrevistados vinte e três terapeutas ocupacionais e/ou docentes de terapia ocupacional de hospitais universitários e hospitais-escola do Estado de São Paulo através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados apontam que, para os entrevistados, o trabalho do terapeuta ocupacional no hospital é promissor, sua atuação contribui para a redução do tempo de internação, de complicações, seqüelas, e reinternações. Referem que o terapeuta ocupacional oferece escuta diferenciada, atendendo de forma ampliada as necessidades dos sujeitos sob cuidado. Com relação às dificuldades, apontam, dentre outros, para o hibridismo das bases teórico-metodológicas usadas; a invisibilidade e a desvalorização do trabalho e a falta de organização da categoria profissional. Apoiando-se nas reflexões de Bourdieu, o artigo conclui que os terapeutas ocupacionais no hospital têm ainda pouco capital simbólico e econômico e que necessitariam compensar sua condição atual, por meio do desenvolvimento do capital cultural, investindo na graduação e na educação permanente, e do capital social, promovendo uma maior organização social entre aqueles que trabalham nas instituições hospitalares.

Srinivasan T

Ronni Wolf, Hagit Matz, Edith Orion et al.