Hasil untuk "Mineral industries. Metal trade"

M. L. Mamud, Piyoosh Jaysaval, Frederick D Day-Lewis et al.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a powerful remote sensing tool for mineral exploration, capitalizing on unique spectral signatures of minerals. However, traditional classification methods such as discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and support vector machines often struggle with environmental noise in data, sensor limitations, and the computational complexity of analyzing high-dimensional HSI data. This study presents HyDeMiC (Hyperspectral Deep Learning-based Mineral Classifier), a convolutional neural network (CNN) model designed for robust mineral classification under noisy data. To train HyDeMiC, laboratory-measured hyperspectral data for 115 minerals spanning various mineral groups were used from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) library. The training dataset was generated by convolving reference mineral spectra with an HSI sensor response function. These datasets contained three copper-bearing minerals, Cuprite, Malachite, and Chalcopyrite, used as case studies for performance demonstration. The trained CNN model was evaluated on several synthetic 2D hyperspectral datasets with noise levels of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. Our noisy data analysis aims to replicate realistic field conditions. The HyDeMiC's performance was assessed using the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), providing a comprehensive measure across different noise regimes. Results demonstrate that HyDeMiC achieved near-perfect classification accuracy (MCC = 1.00) on clean and low-noise datasets and maintained strong performance under moderate noise conditions. These findings emphasize HyDeMiC's robustness in the presence of moderate noise, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in hyperspectral imaging, where noise is often a significant challenge.

A. Abdykadyrov, A. Abdullayeva, K. Suleimanova et al.

Purpose. To investigate the regularities of reactive species formation during the plasma treatment of multicomponent wastewater from the mining and petroleum industries, as well as to assess their role in contaminant transformation and removal efficiency. Methods. Laboratory experiments were carried out using a specially designed plasma-liquid reactor operating under high-frequency electrical discharge conditions (10-25 kV, 10-30 kHz, interelectrode gap 3-7 mm). The study included determination of the initial physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd). During plasma treatment, the formation of reactive species (•OH, O3, H2O2) was analyzed, and a kinetic model was applied to describe contaminant removal dynamics and treatment efficiency. Findings. It was established that plasma treatment leads to the formation of hydroxyl radicals at a rate of (1-5)·10-6 mol·L-1·s-1, ozone in the concentration range of 10-6-10-4 mol·L-1, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation within 10-80 mg/L, thereby crea-ting a pronounced oxidative environment. Copper concentration decreased from 20 to 0.5 mg/L (97.5%), zinc from 15 to 0.4 mg/L (97.3%), and cadmium from 0.5 to 0.02 mg/L (96.0%). The degree of organic contaminant degradation reached 70-90%. It was shown that the intensity of reactive species formation strongly depends on discharge parameters, while the proposed kinetic model adequately describes the experimentally observed treatment dynamics. Originality. The study provides a comprehensive experimental and model-based analysis of reactive species formation during the plasma treatment of highly mineralized multicomponent wastewater from the mining and petroleum industries. Quantitative relationships were established among discharge parameters, reactive species generation, and contaminant removal efficiency. Practical implications. The obtained results confirm the potential of plasma technologies for the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater with complex composition and high salinity. Practical implementation of the proposed approach may contribute to improved environmental safety, reduced reagent consumption, lower sludge generation, and expanded opportunities for water reuse in mining and petroleum production processes.

Paulina Fernández, Michael Tost, Daniel Monfort Climent et al.

Companies trading in mineral resources must monitor supply chains rigorously, as minerals may originate from conflict-affected areas and present risks like human rights abuses, environmental damage, and corruption. Beyond regulatory pressures mandating ethical sourcing and transparency, consumers, NGOs, employees, and investors increasingly demand robust due diligence and detailed information on material origin. A central element of these practices is traceability, which enables companies to verify that their sourcing aligns with corporate standards and sustainability goals. Despite progress, traceability initiatives remain fragmented, often addressing isolated issues rather than forming a unified framework. The complexity of mineral supply chains, involving numerous actors and diverse requirements, further complicates the implementation of traceability. This study proposes an integrated conceptual framework for mineral supply chain traceability, developed through an extensive review of academic literature, technical and regulatory documents, and refined through expert validation. The framework organises traceability into enabling conditions and core dimensions across five interdependent categories, consisting of a total of twenty factors: Governance and compliance, Supply chain management, Social and environmental impacts, Technology and analytics, and Performance and evaluation. It is emphasised that effective traceability is a systemic task that requires solid institutional structures, coordinated operational practices, meaningful social and environmental commitments, appropriate technological tools, and continuous evaluation mechanisms. Technologies such as blockchain or digital product passports only prove their effectiveness when integrated into favourable conditions. The proposed framework provides policymakers, industry actors and certification bodies with a coherent structure for designing, assessing and strengthening traceability across diverse mineral supply chains.

F. Roberto, A. Schippers

This review provides an update to the last mini-review with the same title pertaining to recent developments in bioleaching and biooxidation published in 2013 (Brierley and Brierley). In the intervening almost 10 years, microbial processes for sulfide minerals have seen increased acceptance and ongoing but also declining commercial application in copper, gold, nickel and cobalt production. These processes have been applied to heap and tank leaching, nowadays termed biomining, but increasing concerns about the social acceptance of mining has also seen the re-emergence of in situ leaching and quest for broader applicability beyond uranium and copper. Besides metal sulfide oxidation, mineral dissolution via reductive microbial activities has seen experimental application to laterite minerals. And as resources decline or costs for their exploitation rise, mine waste rock and tailings have become more attractive to consider as easily accessible resources. As an advantage, they have already been removed from the ground and in some cases contain ore grades exceeding that of those currently being mined. These factors promote concepts of circular economy and efficient use and valorization of waste materials. • Bioleaching of copper sulfide ore deposits is producing less copper today • Biooxidation of refractory gold ores is producing more gold than in the past • Available data suggest bioleaching and biooxidation processes reduce carbon emissions

Gastón Sanglier-Contreras, Carlos Miguel Iglesias-Sanz, R. Gonzalez-lezcano et al.

M. Dykha, Valerii Dykha, Sarojini Sahoo

The article analyzes the current state and trends of Ukraine's foreign trade activity, which is implemented in conditions of war and global challenges. The geographical and commodity structure of Ukraine's foreign trade activity is analyzed. It is established that the main foreign trade partners of Ukraine are European countries, primarily EU countries. The foreign trade cooperation between Ukraine and India is significant, and has great prospects for development. It is established that the largest share of Ukrainian exports in 2024 was made up of the following groups of goods: "Plant products", "Animal or plant fats and oils", "Base metals and preparations thereof". The groups of goods "Machines, equipment and mechanisms, electric and technical equipment", "Ground, air and water transport facilities", "Mineral products" made up the largest share of Ukrainian imports in 2024. Ukrainian exports are traditionally raw materials, and Ukrainian imports are dominated by goods with a high share of added value. The authors found that Ukrainian exports to India had a clearly expressed agricultural and raw material orientation. The main groups of goods that Ukraine exports to India ("Animal or plant fats and oils" (more than 70%), as well as "Plant products", "Machines, equipment and mechanisms, electric and technical equipment") were determined. And the main groups of goods imported from India to Ukraine ("Products of chemical and allied industries", in particular pharmaceutical products, "Machines, equipment and mechanisms, electric and technical equipment", "Mineral products"). The authors substantiated the problems of the countries, in particular, those related to the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the confrontation between India and Pakistan. It is substantiated that foreign trade activity between Ukraine and India is strategically important and has great potential in many areas of activity. Among the promising areas of cooperation between the two countries, foreign trade cooperation in the agricultural sector and ensuring food security, cooperation in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in the formation of pharmaceutical clusters, IT and outsourcing, in education and science, as well as in the aerospace industry and the military-defense sector were noted. Instruments that will contribute to the further development of cooperation between the countries were outlined.

Christian Delev

Abstract The resilience of international supply chains is increasingly becoming a policy objective within international trade law making. Unilaterally, States have resorted to a myriad of trade tools to achieve this objective, including subsidizing domestic industries, facilitating critical minerals, and imposing tariffs on dominant supplying States to encourage supply diversification. In this context, the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity Supply Chain Agreement is the first major international trade agreement primarily aimed at achieving regional supply chain resilience. This Research Note explores the WTO compatibility of the economic interventions that underpin the Supply Chain Agreement’s ‘managed trade’ approach to supply chain resilience. First, it outlines the firm-centred governance approach that is central to supply chain management under the Supply Chain Agreement. Second, it explores the likely challenges and justifications of the envisaged interventions under GATT 1994 and Agreement on Safeguards. Finally, it reflects on the potential role of the WTO to shape cooperative supply chain governance interventions.

Chentao Shen, Ding Pan, Mingyu Mei et al.

Visual pose tracking is playing an increasingly vital role in industrial contexts in recent years. However, the pose tracking for industrial metal objects remains a challenging task especially in the real world-environments, due to the reflection characteristic of metal objects. To address this issue, we propose a novel 6DoF pose tracking method based on active control points. The method uses image control points to generate edge feature for optimization actively instead of 6DoF pose-based rendering, and serve them as optimization variables. We also introduce an optimal control point regression method to improve robustness. The proposed tracking method performs effectively in both dataset evaluation and real world tasks, providing a viable solution for real-time tracking of industrial metal objects. Our source code is made publicly available at: https://github.com/tomatoma00/ACPTracking.

Anđelka Stojanović, Isidora Milošević, D. Manasijević

Trade in recyclable metals within and outside the European Union borders is a key part of establishing patterns of circular economy and industrial symbiosis in the metalworking industry. Industrial symbiosis implies the creation of industrial synergies in areas that can utilize waste materials or by-products, and is particularly important in sectors of intensive mineral processing, as it reduces the amount of waste, the need for exploitation of primary raw materials (virgin materials), and the negative environmental impact. This paper examines the potential of European Union countries for creating industrial symbioses, based on an assessment of trade in recycled metals within the EU and with third countries. A multi-criteria analysis was employed, utilizing the MARCOS methodology to rank EU countries, thereby determining which countries have the most significant potential for recycling various types of metals and making synergies. Research on trade in recycled materials contributes to the promotion of circular and sustainable mechanisms, and the results can serve policy makers, industrial actors and researchers as a basis for investment planning, optimization of flows of secondary raw materials and development of regional centers of industrial symbiosis.

Carlos Abreo

The research delves into the effectiveness of Colombia's trade liberalisation process in boosting its exports at the industrial level. Based on an empirical workhorse approach to international trade, the gravity model, we evaluate the effect of trade openness on Colombian exports at the industrial level following the SITC4 categorisation. For this purpose, panel data on Colombian exports to all its trading partners between 2007 and 2020 were used. The results establish that Colombia's trade openness has boosted the exports of most of its industries, except for exports of the mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials group, which is a group of goods that represents the country's largest exports. Furthermore, the research also confirms the prominent impact of labour productivity in boosting Colombian exports of most product groups. Consequently, Colombian policymakers should support a re-composition of the Colombian export basket in order to take proper advantage of trade integration formulas, within a global energy transition framework.

P. Taskinen, D. Lindberg

The increase in metals demand in the electrifying globe means significant growth in the smelting of copper, nickel, zinc, and lead, produced from primary sulfide sources or using sulfide mattes as the intermediates of the process chains. This means that leaner and complex mineral deposits will be evaluated as ores and are in the future traded in the commodity market for smelting and refining to pure metals. An important issue in the trend is the technology metals, like antimony, tellurium, and gallium, which exist as trace elements in sulfide ores and form no ores of their own. Their recovery becomes important in the coming decades as will be the case with growing slag amounts without use in other industries. The key is to produce environmentally acceptable slags in the smelting operations. It sets new boundary conditions to the treatment of flue dusts. This means that all material streams of smelting and refining must be re-evaluated for the deportments of the main and minority metals. In copper smelting, the recoveries of precious metals are today important for the feasibility of the custom smelters but due to low prices of many minority metals they are discarded in slag landfills. It is one of the emerging issues also in the secondary copper smelting today and once the demand grows, the same question will be faced also in the mining-beneficiation-smelting-refining chain of the primary production of nickel, zinc, and lead. The distributions of many technology metals in the copper and nickel smelting have been recently studied using methods where the chemically bound trace elements in the slag and its phases at the smelting conditions have been studied. Thus, the key data about options for process modifications and additional processing steps are piling up. Short processing routes in the metals smelting and refining are attractive due to their simplicity. At the same time, complexity of many raw materials challenges the fluxing at high oxygen partial pressures in low silica slags with high metal concentrations. The compromise between high primary recovery and safe operation is a demanding task in conditions where slag foaming outside the processing window is evident. The increase in the demand of pure nickel is challenging the raw material basis where low-grade sulfide ores are soon smelted along with nickel laterites to matte. It is a demanding task at high MgO concentrations. The low solubility of MgO in iron silicate slags requires new fluxing strategies and new smelting end points for the operation at reasonable temperatures; the direct nickel matte smelting in one-matte mode may be an option.

Le Niu, Jiaoyue Wang, Hongyan Zhao et al.

With the vigorous promotion in China of efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, examining their synergies becomes increasingly crucial. This study used the multi-regional input–output (MRIO) table to build the consumption-based industrial emissions inventories of CO2 and three major air pollutants (PM2.5, NOx, and SO2) and constructed synergistic emission indices of the intensity and magnitude to identify and evaluate the synergy between carbon emissions and air pollutants in inter-industrial trade among 30 provinces in mainland China. The results show that more than 85% and 40% of inter-provincial and inter-industrial trades have synergistic emissions between CO2 and air pollutants, respectively. We identified 77 inter-provincial trades and 84 inter-industrial trades among provinces with strong synergistic emissions. They are mainly reflected in the demand of the construction industry in Zhejiang and Guangdong for the nonmetal mineral products manufacturing industry in Henan, and the metal smelting and processing industry in Hebei, along with the demand of the service industry in Beijing for the electric power, steam, and hot water production and supply industry in Inner Mongolia. Our study provides new insights into the synergistic reduction of CO2 and air pollutants within the supply chain, thereby enriching the discourse on regional and industrial synergies in achieving sustainable development goals.

Adel Rouhi Jouybari, Seyed Mohammad Esmaiel Jalali

Iran is considered one of the countries with a relative advantage in the field of mining and related industries due to its important mineral resources and reserves. This issue increases the importance and priority of development programs in the mining and mineral industries sector. Copper, after steel, ranks second among the major metals in terms of value-added production in the world. Iran, with a reserve of about 34 million tons of copper, owns 4% of the world's copper reserves. This article examines the analytical and comparative analysis of copper industry development programs in Iran and India. Although both countries have started their own development programs in the copper industry almost simultaneously, India was ranked among the top economic powers in Asia in 2018 compared to Iran. On the other hand, with some economic growth indicators surpassing China, some analysts believe that this trend may continue and India may achieve growth similar to China and even replace it. On this basis, India’s strategic plans in the field of copper can greatly help in formulating strategic plans in Iran’s copper industry. According to studies conducted in Iran, the most important challenges in the copper industry include increasing the amount of government salaries and export duties, non-entry of mining and industrial machinery, round-the-clock laws, and fluctuations in exchange rates and inflation. This research has examined the damage and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Iran’s copper industry program, reviewed the current situation and copper industry development programs, compared it with India, and addressed the challenges ahead. Finally, solutions have been proposed for the development of this important industry. Introduction Iran is located on one of the two copper belts in the world and is considered one of the areas with the economic potential of copper. Evaluations show that Iran’s share of the world’s 20 million tons of copper production is less than 1.5%. The share of the industry in Iran’s gross domestic product is 7%, of which copper covers 1% of the 7%. In fact, the share of the copper industry in Iran’s gross domestic product is 1%, which is relatively low given the volume of copper mineral reserves. Therefore, considering the importance of the copper industry in the country’s economy as a productive sector and the increasing demand for this metal in the world, having an appropriate industrial strategy to maximize the use of copper mines and related industries is important and necessary. One of the ways to develop the country quickly is to focus on the mining industry alongside export development. Industrial development is important for national development programs from various aspects. Employment, poverty alleviation, proper use of skilled labor, improvement of regional and international status of the country, meeting internal needs, and enhancing national identity are among the aspects of development that have been tied to industrial development. In this regard, according to the emphasis and statements of the upper-level documents, especially the five-year development plans in the last decade, the subject of drafting an industrial development strategy has been one of the important demands of the government and the relevant ministry so that with the determination of industrial policies at horizontal and vertical levels, the necessary institutional infrastructure for better decision-making by private sector activists can be provided in a more reassuring environment by the government. Methods The most important challenges in the copper industry in Iran include problems related to sanctions and the resulting lack of access to modern technologies, lack of support for small and medium-sized businesses, price differences in the commodity exchange and free market and their impact on the trade market and copper products, and the level of access of consumers to the market. The challenges of downstream industries are among the main challenges of this market. Sanctions have caused severe fluctuations in exchange rates and have affected the government's economic and trade policies, ultimately leading to increased production costs, market fluctuations, declining exports, loss of some export markets, rent-seeking, thriving intermediaries, and numerous problems in the field of financing and capital circulation of mining units and mining industries in the country. In addition to sanctions, restrictions and obstacles resulting from the government's economic and trade policies such as exchange policies, market intervention, and mandatory pricing of mineral and metal products by the Market Regulation Headquarters, prevention of exports and providing the grounds for rent and intermediation have become a major internal obstacle to production in the country. In the conditions of the domestic market recession, most mineral and mining products have experienced a decline in exports, and among the country's economic activists, it is known as self-sanctioning. One of the most important internal obstacles in the mining and mining industries sector is ambiguity in calculating the amount of government salaries for mines, non-return of government salary revenues for expenses in the mining sector, serious conflicts between mining activities, the environment and natural resources, the intervention of the Market Regulation Headquarters in pricing mineral and metal products, and creating export barriers, inaction in policymaking for mines and mining industries on the verge of bankruptcy such as the cement industry and lack of necessary credits for capital facilities in the circulation of mining units and mining industries. Another important issue that can be investigated in this area is the creation of mining clusters. There are many small copper mines scattered throughout the country with small reserves that can have a significant impact on the country's production with proper measures. In fact, the role of small mines in domestic production and employment is not prominent and they are not valued. As a support, small mines that are reasonably transportable and have a justifiable relationship between them can be consolidated into a consortium, and each of these dependent mines can be involved in the reserves and grade of this consortium, and then the government can also support them by providing facilities. Another effect of sanctions is the update of equipment, which has also affected the copper sector. In Iran, since most mining and industrial machinery is imported, production costs are even higher than countries that own these technologies, even under normal conditions. Now, despite the existing erosion sanctions, the entry of non-standard and inappropriate goods through the black market with a delay and at a price several times higher than the real price, plus the inability to export quality products made domestically to target markets and the obligation to stop production or sale of the produced product to the market with low or sometimes negative profit, are all part of the problems of production units. Factors such as US sanctions, severe fluctuations in exchange rates, and a set of economic and trade policies of the government have led to increased production costs, market fluctuations, declining exports, loss of some export markets, rent-seeking, thriving intermediaries, and numerous problems in the field of financing and capital circulation of mining units and mining industries in the country. In the past, the most important problems in the copper industry in India were mainly related to the shortage and lack of access to mineral reserves and their environmental consequences. This section examines the major problems of the copper industry as well as the causes and factors of change in India's copper industry strategic document. The analysis shows that there is a huge difference between the processing plant capacity and the copper mine capacity in India. While India's copper processing plants have a capacity of about one million tons per year, only 35,000 tons of refined copper can be extracted from the current production of copper ore in India. Copper mining and production in India only meets 4% of the country's demand. The growth of India’s infrastructure is reflected in the growth of copper consumption in the country. The consumption of refined copper has increased at a compound annual growth rate of 2.4% from 2015 to 2019. The need for copper wire in infrastructure and renewable energy projects, an increase in automobile production (which has grown by 3.7%), and an increase in the production of durable consumer goods (refrigerators and gas coolers have increased by 9.6% and 7.0%, respectively) have led to an increase in cpper consumption in the 5 years ending in 2019 (Urvisha, 2019). Results After examining and discussing the problems and pathologies of the National Copper Industries Company of Iran for the implementation of its programs, it is faced with some ambiguities and questions that will be discussed below, and solutions have been proposed based on a comparison with India. Iran, like India, faces a shortage of the necessary concentrate and ore to achieve its development goals. There are several solutions to solve these problems. One of the effective ways to supply the necessary concentrate for the project is to expand the existing mines that are currently active and under operation. 10% of the required concentrate for the copper industry in Iran is supplied by companies that operate small mines in the country. These companies, including Chahar Gonbad Kerman, Mesdarakhtegan Takhtagonbad, Rangin Metal Copper, Kian Copper Jozam, Minakan, and Madvar Mining Production, mostly sell their products as feed to the National Copper Industries Company of Iran. However, there are still many small copper mines in the country that are inactive. With support and capital, these mines can be revitalized and brought back into the production cycle. Based on the findings of this research, it is essential for the government and decision-makers in this important area to focus on important issues in order to develop and formulate plans for this industry. In addition to reducing the concentration of investment in a few specific provinces, it is necessary to take important measures and solutions to streamline production, create regulations and laws, remove production and investment barriers, and implement operational solutions. The following are some of these measures: Developing and approving a comprehensive plan for nationwide exploration as an upper-level document and the most important pillar of sustainable supply of mineral materials in the shortest possible time. Allocating a significant and specific budget from the profits of IMIDRO and profitable specialized state-owned companies as a percentage of annual profits to exploration activities and obliging the implementation of exploration operations within the framework of the comprehensive plan for nationwide exploration. Prohibiting the government from engaging in business activities and obliging the transfer of mining management and production units to the qualified private sector. Amending relevant laws and regulations, including; Resolving the problem of blocked areas by government agencies, Amending customs laws for the import of machinery and other mining areas and Amending export laws. Discussions Iran and India are among the first growing countries with development plans. In 2018, India was ranked among the top economic powers in Asia compared to Iran. On the other hand, with some economic growth indicators surpassing China, some analysts believe that this trend may continue and India may achieve growth similar to China and even replace it. Therefore, India's strategic plans in the field of copper can greatly help in formulating strategic plans in the copper industry of Iran. Exploration operations in a large part of the country's area have not yet been completed, and there is a need for planning and expanding executive activities in this area. In the mining sector, there is currently no desirable situation in the country, and the production of basic metals such as copper and steel is between 1 to 2 percent of the mineral reserves, which is less than global standards. In general, as mentioned, the existing problems in the country's development plans, especially in mining plans, can be divided into problems in program goals, planning system, approval process of development plans, implementation process of development plans, and how to monitor and evaluate programs. Studies conducted in the copper industry section also show that the capacity of cathode production factories is not consistent with the amount of mineral extraction, and the extracted mineral material provides almost half of the capacity of the factories. It is also necessary to plan the objectives of the programs for the production of cathode copper based on the existing reserves and the country's potential in supplying concentrate and concentrate. In addition, the country’s internal needs and its potential for exports due to sanctions should be considered in these goals. It seems that solving problems such as easier import of mining machinery, given the country’s disorganized transportation fleet, reducing government salaries, freeing up areas, tax exemptions for exploration activities, lack of pricing for copper exports or sales on the commodity exchange, removing and amending cumbersome laws, and developing diplomatic relations can make the future of the copper industry in Iran clearer. Another important issue in this area, compared to India in recent years, has been the problem of feed and concentrate shortages. India’s strategy for expanding existing mines, reopening abandoned mines, and exploring new and undeveloped mines has been a factor in growth and development in developing countries such as India. In the eighth development plan In 1992, India seriously invested in private and foreign investment in the copper industry, while in Iran, this issue still seems very distant. Another important issue in this area, compared to India in recent years, has been the problem of feed and concentrate shortages. India’s strategy for expanding existing mines, reopening abandoned mines, and exploring new and undeveloped mines has been a factor in growth and development in developing countries such as India. In Iran, this industry has not yet had a clear strategy in planning and production, even in state-owned mines.

Beibei Yu, Tao Shen, Hongbin Na et al.

Remote-sensing mineral exploration is critical for identifying economically viable mineral deposits, yet it poses significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). These include limitations in domain-specific geological knowledge and difficulties in reasoning across multiple remote-sensing images, further exacerbating long-context issues. To address these, we present MineAgent, a modular framework leveraging hierarchical judging and decision-making modules to improve multi-image reasoning and spatial-spectral integration. Complementing this, we propose MineBench, a benchmark specific for evaluating MLLMs in domain-specific mineral exploration tasks using geological and hyperspectral data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of MineAgent, highlighting its potential to advance MLLMs in remote-sensing mineral exploration.

Robel Efrem, Alex Coutu, Sajad Saeedi

Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)s have recently become an important instrument for collecting mineral data, enabling more effective and accurate geological investigations. This paper explores the difficulties in mounting high-sensitivity sensors on a UAV platform, including electromagnetic interference, payload dynamics, and maintaining stable sensor performance while in flight. It is highlighted how the specific solutions provided to deal with these problems have the potential to alter the collection of mineral data assisted by UAVs. The work also shows experimental findings that demonstrate the creative potential of these solutions in UAV-based mineral data collecting, leading to improvements in effective mineral exploration through careful design, testing, and assessment of these systems. These innovations resulted in a platform that is quickly deployable in remote areas and able to operate more efficiently compared to traditional multirotor UAVs while still producing equal or higher quality mineral data. This allows for much higher efficiency and lower operating costs for high-production UAV-based mineral data acquisition.

Yermakhan Kuanyshbekov, Alibek Bissembayev, Teodor B. Iliev et al.

International trade is one of the main aspects of the global economy, which consists of imports and exports. The study presents sectoral analysis of Kazakhstan's trade for the 2011-2021 period, where provided comparative analysis to explore current dynamics, to reveal insights and predictive analysis to make forecasts and understand the future trend. Accordingly, these types of experiment give efforts aimed at analysis and statistics of our country, as well as at diversifying the current state. In the research comparative analysis provided with the help of visualization and statistical analysis, predictive analysis by means of following machine learning models, Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Gradient boosting, Support Vector Regression. In research estimated the use of production and import resources in 8 sectors, mainly in the manufacturing industry. The results show that the highest export requirements are imposed in certain sectors such as mineral products, fuel and energy products, metals and products made from them. Along with the result of the machine learning models' performance and prediction for the next three year.

Nurgaliуev Birzhan Elubaevich, Zhumabaуev Askhat Konysbaevich, Kushmukhanov Zhenis et al.

With the increase in production and processing industries, as well as the extraction of minerals in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it leads to pollution of the environment, ecology, wildlife and water resources of our country. All production capacities in agriculture and animal husbandry require water resources. As part of the research work, diagnostics were carried out on the content of salts of heavy metals and radioactive substances in the water bodies of the West Kazakhstan region, where they originate with transboundary rivers and an oil and gas field (KPO) is being produced. To carry out our research work, samples of fish products were taken from 15 reservoirs and 3 objects of domestic trade for laboratory testing for the content of salts of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and radionuclides (Sr-90, Cs 134). Radioactive substances accumulate in the bones and muscles of fish, and subsequently enter the human body through ingestion. The risk of developing adverse effects on human health depends on the radiation dose. If the radiation dose is low, or if exposure occurs over a long period of time, the risk is much lower as the human body repairs damaged cells and molecules. Lead and cadmium harm the human nervous system and its mental development, it can cause kidney damage and lead to bone disease. It is necessary to constantly monitor the content of salts of heavy metals and radionuclides in fish and livestock products, since safe products are a guarantee of public health.

Tasić Viša, Kamenović Vladan, Radović Bojan et al.

The subjective experience of the environment where people live defines the comfort of that environment. The elements of environmental comfort are the air quality, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and sound comfort. The air quality in the room where people stay can significantly affect their concentration, i.e., the ability to work and study. The concentration of CO 2 in the room is used as an indicator of ventilation, that is, as an indicator of the air quality in the observed room. The thermal comfort defines a state of satisfaction with the thermal environment. The thermal comfort is achieved when the environment properties are such that they ensure the release of BAKAR 48 (2023) 1 COPPER body heat within the comfortable limits. This paper presents a part of the air quality and thermal comfort measurement results in the selected office in the Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor from 2020 to 2022. Based on the analysis of measurement results, it was determined that the air quality in the selected office was satisfactory on an average of more than 90% of the working time, and the thermal comfort on an average of about 60% of the working time.

Radivojević Milan, Stević Zoran, Pavlov-Kagadejev Marijana

The paper presents the application of computer systems for monitoring in the fields of electrotehnics, mechanical engineering, and construction. It outlines the basic principles of thermal radiation from objects and describes the operation and structure of a thermal imaging camera, providing practical examples in the mentioned fields. The document showcases examples of in-formation systems for monitoring, along with thermograms obtained through this method.

Hyun-Hee Park

Purpose - This study aims to derive export determinants for each major industry in Korea using a gravity model, and through this, suggest factors affecting the competitiveness of each industry. Design/Methodology/Approach - Using a gravity model, this study used annual data from 1995 to 2022 and conducted a panel analysis on the top 10 major export destination countries of Korea. The industries to be analyzed were agricultural and fishery products, chemical industrial products, iron and metal products, machinery, and electronic products. Findings - As a result of analyzing Korea’s major export determinants by industry using a gravity model, it was found that the per capita GDP (PGDP), which can determine the income size of the other country, gross national income (GNI) of the other country, and the population of the trading partner (POP), which can determine the size of the economy, had a positive (+) effect on chemical industrial products and machinery, and the distance variable showed negative effects on all industries except machinery. Research Implications - The larger the income and economy of Korea’s major trading partners, the greater the impact on exports. However, it was analyzed that the conclusion of an FTA had a positive (+) effect on agricultural, forestry, and fisheries products and steel and metal products, and the economic growth rate of trading partners had a positive effect on machinery and electronic products. The analysis results suggest that there are differences in export determinants by major industry, which requires an approach of customized export strategies by industry.