Hasil untuk "Manufacturing industries"

Bo Shi, Qiuhui Jiang, Minjun Shi et al.

The pathway towards carbon neutrality in regions with a relatively light industrial structure and scarce renewable energy resources presents a challenge when balancing energy efficiency improvements with the expansion of renewable energy. Therefore, this study investigates the effectiveness of carbon pricing and carbon quota control as regional carbon abatement policies. The findings demonstrate that carbon taxes are less effective than carbon emission quota control in economic growth and carbon abatement due to their weaker impact on energy efficiency enhancement and structural transition in the energy and industrial sectors. Moreover, stricter carbon pricing, determined by carbon emission goals, leads to greater reduction in sectoral carbon intensity but slower GDP growth caused by the accelerated decline of manufacturing and infrastructure industries compared to carbon intensity quota policies. In addition, carbon pricing derived from carbon emission and intensity quota policies increases reliance on domestically imported electricity, which is constrained by the availability of renewable energy resources.

Idriss El-Thalji

Additive manufacturing and digital warehouses are transforming the way industries manage and maintain their spare parts inventory. Considering digital warehouses and on-demand manufacturing for spare parts during the project phase is a strategic decision that involves trade-offs depending on the operational needs and pricing structure. This paper aims to explore the spare part evaluation process considering both physical and digital warehouse inventories. A case asset is purposefully selected and four spare part management concepts are studied using a simulation modeling approach. The results highlight that the relevant digital warehouse scenario, used in this case, managed to completely reduce all emissions related to global spare parts supply; however, this was at the expense of reducing availability by 15.1%. However, the hybrid warehouse scenario managed to increase availability by 11.5% while completely reducing all emissions related to global spare parts supply. Depending on the demand rate, the digital warehousing may not be sufficient alone to keep the production availability at the highest levels; however, it is effective in reducing the stock amount, simplifying the inventory management, and making the supply process more green and resilient. A generic estimation model for spare parts engineers is provided to determine the optimal specifications of their spare parts supply and inventory while considering digital warehouses and on-demand manufacturing.

Diana Carolina Candia Herrera, Yesid Diaz Gutiérrez

Expert systems have emerged as an advanced technology in the field of Artificial Intelligence , designed to emulate human decision-making and reasoning in specific areas of knowledge and industry. This article provides a detailed description of expert systems, looking at their technologies and functionality. Details are presented regarding the technological architecture, applications, functionalities, and associated tools , highlighting the fundamental role of Artificial Intelligence as the main structure and support of these systems. The architecture of expert systems is broken down into several key elements, including the knowledge base, the inference engine, and the user interface, each of which plays a relevant role in the system's ability to replicate or simulate human actions. Furthermore, expert system applications are used in a wide variety of industries, from medicine for diagnosing diseases to engineering, where they support manufacturing processes. This article is based on recent studies, ensuring the timeliness and relevance of the information described. Research and advances in the field of expert systems continue to evolve and transform, driven by the ongoing development of artificial intelligence and its applications. This article not only provides a comprehensive overview of expert systems, but also highlights their importance and future challenges in a constantly changing digital world.

Ghulam Ameer Mukhtar, Sana Shehzadi, Muhammad Moazzam Ali et al.

This study investigates the prospect of using rapid prototyping, particularly additive manufacturing, in Pakistan’s construction and manufacturing sectors, aiming to encourage R&D by the analysis of technical feasibility of this technology and collaboration between civil and industrial engineering. To solve this puzzle, we collected data from field experts, academia researchers, and license holders of this technology. Further, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), a sub-branch of multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM), was used to gauge the systematically by prioritizing selection criteria for solving the problem. AHP makes the methodical process more accurate and organized, which helped us to proposed a feasibility study for the technology’s success in Pakistan’s construction and manufacturing industries. The findings show a 79.4% probability, which indicates interaction among both engineering disciplines. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to enhance the dependability of the AHP model, which assists in sound decision making during ambiguous conditions. Apart from economic technical aspects, sustainability plays a very crucial role in the evaluation process. This text shows the environmental effects and sustainability implications associated with the assimilation of rapid prototyping technologies. This supports the integration of rapid prototyping in Pakistan, contributing to discussions on technological innovations in emerging nations. This will also lay a foundation for future interdisciplinary collaboration and technological enrichments in both engineering domains.

Inna S. Lola, Dmitry G. Asoskov

This study investigates the utility of business uncertainty indicators as predictive tools for forecasting economic activity in the context of Russia. In an era characterized by global economic volatility and geopolitical shifts, understanding the dynamics of economic uncertainty and its impact on overall economic performance is of paramount importance. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset based on the results of business tendency surveys in Russia, spanning the period from 2009 to the first half of 2024. Given the importance of uncertainty in shaping economic outcomes, the central research question of this study is: can uncertainty indicators predict business activity in Russia or not? To address this question, we compared two alternative approaches to calculating business uncertainty: the ex‑ante approach, which uses the business community’s assessments of future business trends to measure uncertainty as the dispersion of opinions expressed, and the ex‑post approach, which applies entrepreneurial assessments of both future and current trends to determine business uncertainty as the degree of deviation of entrepreneurial expectations from the real picture. National indicators and sectoral indicators were calculated for the mining and quarrying industry, manufacturing industry, construction, retail trade, wholesale trade and services. For most of the industries under consideration (except for the construction and service sector) and at the national level, the specifications of vector autoregression models that were effective for forecasting real indicators of economic activity, characterized by lower forecast errors compared to standard autoregressive models, were built. According to the results obtained, at the national level, when forecasting GDP, clear preference should be given to the ex‑post indicator.

Vincenzo Lunetto, Dario Basile, Valentino Razza et al.

This study investigates active filling friction stir repair (AF-FSR) and passive filling friction stir repair (PF-FSR) for repairing AISI 304 stainless steel sheets, focusing on addressing the challenges posed by high melting point metals. The research involved repairing overlapping 2 mm thick sheets with pre-drilled holes of 2, 4, and 6 mm diameters, simulating broken components. Various process parameters, including rotational speed, dwell time, and the use of metal fillers, were tested to evaluate their impact on repair quality. The results demonstrated that PF-FSR provided superior mechanical strength to AF-FSR, particularly for larger pre-hole diameters. PF-FSR achieved higher shear tension strength due to better defect filling and reduced void formation, with shear tension strengths exceeding 25 kN for larger pre-holes and lower variability in strength measurements. AF-FSR was less effective for larger pre-holes, resulting in significant voids and reduced strength. Microstructural analysis revealed that PF-FSR facilitated more efficient material mixing and filling, minimizing unrepaired regions. However, excessive rotational speeds and dwell times in PF-FSR led to deformation and flash formation, highlighting the need for optimal parameter selection. Although further studies are needed, this study confirms the feasibility of FSR techniques for repairing small defects in AISI 304 steels, offering valuable insights for sustainable manufacturing practices in industries such as automotive and aerospace, where efficient and reliable repair methods are critical.

Paolo Bellavista, Giuseppe Di Modica

A Digital Twin (DT) refers to a virtual representation or digital replica of a physical object, system, process, or entity. This concept involves creating a detailed, real-time digital counterpart that mimics the behavior, characteristics, and attributes of its physical counterpart. DTs have the potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance decision-making by providing a detailed, real-time understanding of the physical systems they represent. While this technology is finding application in numerous fields, such as energy, healthcare, and transportation, it appears to be a key component of the digital transformation of industries fostered by the fourth Industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). In this paper, we present the research results achieved by IoTwins, a European research project aimed at investigating opportunities and issues of adopting DTs in the fields of industrial manufacturing and facility management. Particularly, we discuss a DT model and a reference architecture for use by the research community to implement a platform for the development and deployment of industrial DTs in the cloud continuum. Guided by the devised architectures’ principles, we implemented an open platform and a development methodology to help companies build DT-based industrial applications and deploy them in the so-called Edge/Cloud continuum. To prove the research value and the usability of the implemented platform, we discuss a simple yet practical development use case.

Alaameri Karrar J., Ramadhan Ali J., Fatlawi Ahmed et al.

In the recent industry field, automation has become the most important role in production processes to improve efficiency, increase production, and reduce workers. Sorting the products based on their color is a common task in the industries, but using manual sorting may take a longer time and human error may occur, especially if the production quantities are very large. To contribute to improving the quality and speed of production, we have proposed a new system to automatically separate products based on their color. This article presents a new system for identifying and separating industrial products based on their colors. The implemented system consists of three sensors used to detect the colors of the products, four chutes, and two conveyor belts designed to guide objects along the manufacturing path, and three push mechanisms to place objects in their designated places. The system includes an emergency interface, a reset interface, a stop interface, as well as communication using the PN (PROFINET Process Field Net) protocol, a programmable logic controller, and a 1511-1 central processing unit. This system has been precisely programmed and simulated using FACTORY I/O software and TIA PORTAL software to control and monitor the system effectively. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system also includes a Human–Machine Interface user interface for maximum control. The performance of this system was tested by sorting 250 objects of different colors. These tests resulted in the successful separation of a total of 85 blue objects, 89 green objects, and 86 gray (metallic) objects within a time period of 20 min. This system shows wide applicability in various industries including diamond mining, recycling, and grain manufacturing sectors.

Chintan Patel, Ali Kashif Bashir, Ahmad Ali AlZubi et al.

Industrial IoT (IIoT) aims to enhance services provided by various industries, such as manufacturing and product processing. IIoT suffers from various challenges, and security is one of the key challenge among those challenges. Authentication and access control are two notable challenges for any IIoT based industrial deployment. Any IoT based Industry 4.0 enterprise designs networks between hundreds of tiny devices such as sensors, actuators, fog devices and gateways. Thus, articulating a secure authentication protocol between sensing devices or a sensing device and user devices is an essential step in IoT security. In this paper, first, we present cryptanalysis for the certificate-based scheme proposed for a similar environment by Das et al. and prove that their scheme is vulnerable to various traditional attacks such as device anonymity, MITM, and DoS. We then put forward an inter-device authentication scheme using an ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) that is highly secure and lightweight compared to other existing schemes for a similar environment. Furthermore, we set forth a formal security analysis using the random oracle-based ROR model and informal security analysis over the Doleve-Yao channel. In this paper, we present comparison of the proposed scheme with existing schemes based on communication cost, computation cost and security index to prove that the proposed EBAKE-SE is highly efficient, reliable, and trustworthy compared to other existing schemes for an inter-device authentication. At long last, we present an implementation for the proposed EBAKE-SE using MQTT protocol.

Phi-Hung Nguyen, Thi-Ly Nguyen, Chia-Nan Wang et al.

The wire and cable market has experienced a significant upsurge in demand, driven by its integration with industries such as electronics, telecommunications, infrastructure construction, and electronic equipment manufacturing. This study aims to investigate the linkages between investment decisions, open innovation practices, and firm performance in Vietnam's wire and cable market. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, specifically the super-slacks-based measures (Super-SBM) and the Malmquist index, were applied to evaluate the profitable efficiency, position, technical innovation, and technological innovation of the top ten wire and cable firms in Vietnam from 2017 to 2020. The main results revealed that EC-07 emerged as the most efficient firm in terms of overall efficiency, while EC-04 and EC-05 exhibited substantial potential for development. Moreover, the key findings identified a critical gap in the area of technical and technological innovation, which hampers the continuous advancement of technical capabilities and overall productivity improvement in this industry. Therefore, the outcomes of this study have practical implications for enterprises in Vietnam's wire and cable market, offering insights to improve their innovative skills, cost reduction efforts, and overall profitability. The study underscores the importance of integrating open innovation practices into investment decisions as a means to enhance business performance, including the enhancement of innovative capabilities, cost reduction, and profit maximization. Furthermore, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulators, offering a deeper understanding of the influence of open innovation and investment decisions on Vietnam's economic development, particularly leveraging these insights to support the growth and development of Vietnam's wire and cable industry.

Emmanuel Gyamera, Williams Abayaawien Atuilik, Ivy Eklemet et al.

Management accounting is very important in the field of accounting. It is a subject which implementation can bring about firm development. There are a lot of studies about management accounting. Past research have analysed various aspects of management accounting. However, the effect of management accounting services on the financial performance of SMEs have not been deeply researched into. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the effect of management accounting service on the financial performance of SMEs in Ghana’s commerce, service, and manufacturing industries. The study’s population comprises registered SMEs from the Registrar General’s Department. The sample size was calculated using a population of 4,000 registered small and medium businesses to arrive at 365 SMfomular. Managers of SMEs were chosen and contacted using a systematic sample process and given questionnaires to complete. This study used the agency theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The PLSSEM Software was used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. The study found a relationship between SMEs’ performance and management accounting methods.

Xiaonan Miao, Zhangpeng Li, Shuwen Liu et al.

MXenes are an emerging class of new two-dimensional materials, which have been widely used in energy storage, catalysis, sensing, biology, and other fields due to their unique structure and properties. The distinct structure, low shear resistance, and easy-to-modify ability endow MXenes with particularly superior lubrication potentials. This review highlights the research status and applications of MXenes lubrication categorized into solid lubricants, lubricant additives, and reinforcement phase parts, summaries the influencing factors and lubrication mechanisms of MXenes lubrication, points out some unexplored research fields and unsettled questions, and then puts forwards possible solutions and prospects for the future research. The lubrication advances and potentials of MXenes are fully verified. Predictably, the emerging MXenes lubricants will exhibit remarkable application prospects in advanced manufacturing such as machining industries, automotive industries, micro/nano-electromechanical systems, and spacecraft components.

Marcin Zbieć, Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska, Nina Drejerska

Over 30% of the world’s land area is covered by forests. Approximately 761 million m³ of wood is harvested annually in Europe (2017). The aim of the paper is to assess the amount of wood (biomass) produced in Europe per year, as it determines the amount of carbon dioxide released from wood because of combustion for heating and energy purposes. The circular bioeconomy was applied as the theoretical framework for this study. The study employs official statistics on material flows and also uses a technology assessment, which allows for more precise estimations. It can be estimated that 110 million tons of harvested woody biomass are converted into energy every year. This constitutes nearly 69% of processed wood, with burned wood treated as zero-emission. From the analysis of the compiled results, it can be concluded that, in Europe, more than 50% of the mass of raw wood material harvested per year is used for energy in the first stage of processing by manufacturing industries. These processes produce products that become the raw material for further processing, as a result of which, further amounts of wood biomass are used for energy purposes.

Mustafa Özsarı, Yılmaz Kılıçaslan, Ünal Töngür

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of exporting on labor demand in Turkish manufacturing industry. By using Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) with the firm-level production and trade data of Turkish manufacturing industry, this paper is exploring the employment impact of international trade. The analysis is based on firm level data obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and covers the period from 2003 to 2013. The estimations were carried out for different technology-oriented industries and 2-digit NACE sub-industries to see how the labor demand dynamics change. The results showed that both manufacturing exports and imports have significant and positive impact on the labor demand of the firm. The impact, on the other hand, was found to differ not only in the firms operating in different technology-oriented industries but also in different sub-industries of Turkish manufacturing.

Yong Joon Jang

This paper empirically examines whether and how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affected industrial productivity in Korea during the 2000-2016 period, based on dynamic panel data of inflow FDI on an arrival basis from 427 manufacturing industries. The paper adds to the literature by analyzing whether both technology spillovers and industrial restructuring from inward FDI can differ according to industrial characteristics such as capital intensity, imported intermediate inputs, and tariffs. The empirical results show that the overall effects of inward FDI on total factor productivity (TFP) were statistically insignificant in general. However, the positive effects of inward FDI on productivity became statistically significant for industries with lower tariffs. Capital intensity were not involved in the relationship between inward FDI and productivity. Thus, the paper highlights that the results in previous studies with inward FDI on a notification basis were overestimated and inward FDI policies in Korea should focus on channels such as trade liberalization and the redistribution of production factors rather than capital accumulation.

Ricardo Gil-Ortiz, Miguel Ángel Naranjo, Antonio Ruiz-Navarro et al.

Fertilizer-use efficiency is one of the most critical concerns in rice cultivation to reduce N losses, increase yields, and improve crop management. The effects of a new polymeric-coated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) were compared to those of other slow-release and traditional fertilizers in a microscale experiment, which was carried out in cuvettes under partly controlled ambient conditions, and a large-scale field experiment. To evaluate the fertilizer’s efficiency, nitrogen and water-use efficiency were calculated using the measurement of different photosynthetic and crop yield parameters. Improved responses regarding some of the analyzed physiological and growth parameters were observed for those plants fertilized with the new CRF. In the microscale experiment, significantly increased yields (ca. 35%) were produced in the plants treated with CRF as compared to traditional fertilizer. These results were in accordance with ca. 24% significant increased levels of N in leaves of CRF-treated plants, besides increased P, Fe, Mn, and cytokinin contents. At the field scale, similar yields were obtained with the slow-release or traditional fertilizers and CRF at a 20% reduced N dose. The new controlled-release fertilizer is a urea-based fertilizer coated with lignosulfonates, which is cheaply produced from the waste of pulp and wood industries, containing humic acids as biostimulants. In conclusion, CRF is recommended to facilitate rice crop management and to reduce contamination, as it can be formulated with lower N doses and because it is ecological manufacturing.

Hitesh Arora, Rupinder Singh, Gurinder Singh Brar

The major concern in the high tech industries like oil and petroleum industries, automobiles, aeronautical, and nuclear power plants is the control of the defects like distortion in the welded joints and residual stresses occur due to arc welding on the circumferential joints of the thin pipes. Three-dimensional non-linear thermal and thermomechanical numerical simulations are conducted for the tungsten inert gas welding process of SS-304 stainless steel pipes. In this article, numerical analysis of the distribution of the temperature and the welding residual stress fields induced after the welding is done. Study on the effect of the welding heat input by varying the welding parameters (like welding current and welding speed) based on finite element simulations is conduit to examine the results on the residual stresses which is also called as the ‘locked-in’ stresses. The precision of the finite element model is validated for the welding residual stresses. The intention of this study is to provide the information to verify the validity of ongoing process circumferential manufacturing technology for thin-walled pipes, so to avoid the failure of these kinds of structures which are in service because of these intrinsic stresses.

Nihar Shembavnekar

Theory and economic intuition suggest that domestic institutions influence the employment impact of economic reform, but the evidence base is thin. This paper seeks to address this by examining the extent to which differences in regional labour market flexibility shaped the impact of unanticipated economic reforms on employment in informal (unregistered) manufacturing enterprises in India (1990−2001). It employs a difference-in-differences strategy and finds that tariff reductions are not associated with significant employment shifts in informal enterprises, a finding that may be attributable to the fact that these enterprises rarely engage in international trade. However, on average and ceteris paribus, delicensing (FDI reform) is associated with statistically significant increases (increases) in informal employment and informal enterprise numbers in inflexible (flexible) labour markets. There is some evidence that the delicensing effect is attributable to increases in product market competition in delicensed industries. However, the channel underlying the result associated with FDI reform is less clear. In light of the persistent primacy of the informal sector in India and other developing economies, these findings have substantial policy relevance.

S. N. Sanin, N. A. Pelipenko

Advantages and prospects for the use of mobile robotic machine-tools in the manufacture of large parts in the mining, cement and nuclear industries are considered, as well as the importance of using welded structures to reduce production costs. Schemes for finishing mechanical machining of welded large-sized parts such as bodies of revolution with the use of mobile robotic machine-tools equipped with a belt-grinding tool, an enlarged description of the technological process for manufacturing a large-sized shell of a welded structure are presented. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to take into consideration the use in the industry of frameless production technology, especially for the machining of large-sized parts, and the use of small mobile robotic machine-tools is a productive approach and has a prospective character. The technological approaches proposed in the article make it possible to remove the restriction on the overall size and mass of the parts being manufactured, which are proposed to be manufactured directly at the site of future operation. The effectiveness of this technology is confirmed both by theoretical research and by practical data of the authors. It was noted that the production by the domestic machine-tool industry of mobile universal and special robotic machine-tools will allow the country's engineering industry to be brought to a new, high-quality world level.

Ian Miles

This paper is an evaluation of service sector innovations. It reviews the development of innovations in the sector, including innovation across services and the promotion of new services, and patterns of management and service design. Until the 1990s, it was rare to find researchers and policymakers taking service innovation seriously. However, massive growth of service industries in the two last decades and interest in service innovation show the importance of renewed interest in research and policy. At present, researchers tend to lean toward one of two approaches: that service sector innovation can directly apply tools from manufacturing, or that there are distinctive features of services that require particular evaluation procedures and policies. In fact,  there is often convergence between the manufacturing and service sectors. Many manufacturing firms are coming to resemble traditional kinds of service-oriented firms; and many service firms are coming to be like traditional manufacturing firms. This poses difficulties for evaluating service innovation by exclusively one approach. The author argues for adopting a synthetic approach to avoid drawing strict boundaries between the technological and the organizational, and the product and process innovations. It is naturally more elegant to have a single approach that would enable policymakers to argue for integrated training and comprehensive innovation policies. However, it is more important to follow developments among modern firms, which can be overlooked in partial analysis. The synthetic approach fosters well grounded decision- and policy-making and allows updating of future trends and prospects of service innovation. It helps account for variations within and across goods and service innovation and address the service activities of manufacturing firms and the goods-producing activities of service organizations. Ian Miles finds a synthetic approach reasonable in that it combines elements of  concepts in use earlier with a recognition of the importance of services to all sectors of twenty-first century economies. This is important for understanding the industrial competitiveness of the advanced industrial countries as well as for confronting the grand challenges that our world faces in this century. These challenges require solving problems that are bound to involve mixtures of technological and service innovation, which are both complex service systems at heart.