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DOAJ Open Access 2025
Vibing the Young Consumer to Wellness: Exploring Lo-Fi Music Consumption Through the Positive Design Lens

Melanie Pius Dsouza, Ankitha Shetty, Sara Ellen D’Souza et al.

The consumption of lo-fi music as a wellness and productivity-inducing product has become increasingly popular among young consumers in recent years. This pioneering article explores emerging evidence on lo-fi music consumption for young consumer wellness, using the positive design framework as a lens, and envisions an extensive future research agenda. Following a systematic approach to reviewing the literature, modeled on scoping review methodology, a thematic analysis of the literature is conducted, and theories from multiple disciplines support arguments. Key research gaps and current trends are identified, and a curated definition of the “lofi product” is provided. The study enhances the positive design framework of Desmet and Pohlmeyer with significant contributions from the themes generated, providing product strategists with a framework to design products that optimize young consumers’ wellness. The findings reveal that consumption of the “lofi product” may intensify positive affect, accelerate goal attainment, and improve health and performance while fostering the development of character strengths in young consumers. Intentionally designing products for young consumers using the proposed framework may also result in similar wellness outcomes. This study would empower marketers to leverage the lofi product effectively in their marketing strategies. Consultation with industry experts informs the future research directions proposed. This study calls out a pressing need for robust scientific investigation and academic discussion.

History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Recommender Systems for Unified Modeling Language and Vice Versa—A Systematic Literature Review

Elaheh Azadi Marand, Amir Sheikhahmadi, Moharram Challenger et al.

Recommender systems (RSs) are fundamental tools that address data redundancy and serve as intelligent supplements for tasks such as data retrieval and refinement by analyzing user behavior. Nowadays, RSs are utilized in various domains, ranging from filtering web news based on user preferences to recommending movies, music, books, and articles in e-commerce. Additionally, these systems are extensively employed to facilitate software engineering activities, including modeling. Modeling environments are enriched with RSs that assist in building models by providing recommendations based on previous solutions to similar problems within the same domain. Consequently, there is growing research interest in approaches that aid the modeling process. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) that analyzes how recommender systems techniques are used to suggest UML diagrams, as well as the role of UML diagrams in describing recommender systems. In addition, it discusses methods for evaluating primary studies, the challenges that primary studies have addressed, and the domains of study that primary studies have targeted (based on an analysis of 4789 papers). We believe this study will guide researchers and professionals in identifying recommender system techniques for generating UML diagram suggestions and understanding the overall purpose of using UML diagrams. Furthermore, it may contribute to a broader understanding of the research process and inspire future research on recommender system techniques within other modeling languages. The results show that 45% of the studies use content-based techniques to suggest UML diagrams, with 77% of the recommendations being structural diagrams (such as class diagrams). On the other hand, to design the components of the proposed approaches (recommender systems), behavioral diagrams are generally used (53% on average), focusing on knowledge-based techniques (28% on average). Finally, the study shows that researchers use content-based (38%) and knowledge-based (41%) techniques to recommend design models. The analysis revealed that the following challenges were identified: 19 studies dealt with the cold start problem, 20 studies with sparsity issues, 11 studies with scalability concerns, 3 studies with diversity challenges, and 12 studies with other types of challenges.

Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
DOAJ Open Access 2025
An Unknown Letter of Paul Siefert and his Activities until 1611

Marcin Szelest

The article presents a hitherto unknown letter of Paul Siefert, written in Amsterdam in December 1608. Based on its contents and other source documentation, a timeline of Siefert’s activities up to 1611 has been detailed, including the events surrounding the competition for the post of organist of St. Mary’s Church in Gdańsk. The study concludes with hypotheses concerning the composer’s education before 1607.

Literature on music, Music
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Iran’s Shahriaran Rastakhize Opera: An Anthropological Interpretation

Alireza Ghobadi

Mirzadeh Eshghi (1894–1924) was an innovative and patriotic Iranian poet. Mirzadeh is noted in the history of Iranian literature for pioneering a literary revolution and creating a new literary style. This qualitative study contemplates one of his literary innovations titled Iran’s Shahriaran Rastakhiz Opera, scrutinizing historical documents and employing ethnographic techniques. It expresses Mirzadeh’s concerns about the damage inflicted on the material and nonmaterial culture of Iranians after the Achaemenid era. This opera form utilizes four different genres of Iranian classical music, with six singers performing poems about cultural and social changes. Mirzadeh’s opera is a very attractive tool for inculcating social and cultural awareness, especially regarding Iran’s national and cultural identity. This study probes the diverse sociocultural and political functions accomplished by this dramatic work of art and simultaneously examines its problems.

Fine Arts
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Korespondencja Aleksandra Tansmana z Krzysztofem Biegańskim w świetle recepcji jego muzyki w Polsce w latach międzywojennych

Zofia Helman

Aleksander Tansman (1897–1986), kompozytor pochodzący z rodziny żydowskiej, urodzony i wykształcony w Polsce, wyjechał za granicę pod koniec 1919 po uzyskaniu nagrody i dwóch wyróżnień na pierwszym konkursie kompozytorskim w powojennej Polsce. Zamieszkał w Paryżu, gdzie szybko wszedł w tamtejsze środowisko muzyczne i stopniowo zyskiwał popularność. W latach 20. i 30. odbył dwukrotnie tournée koncertowe po Stanach Zjednoczonych a w 1932 tournée prowadzące przez 4 kontynenty, w czasie którego występował jako kompozytor, dyrygent i pianista. W przeciwieństwie do tych sukcesów w kraju rodzinnym jego utwory były rzadko wykonywane, a polscy krytycy o nastawieniu konserwatywnym nader nieprzychylnie komentowali jego twórczość. Dwukrotnie odwiedził Polskę: w 1932 i 1936. Zmiany polityczne w Polsce w latach 30. i wzrost nastrojów antysemickich spowodowały jednak, że w 1938 Tansman przyjął obywatelstwo francuskie. W czasie II wojny światowej i w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu powojennym jego kontakty ze środowiskiem polskim zostały przerwane. Władze PRL traktowały emigrantów jako osoby wrogie ustrojowi i nie należące do kultury polskiej. Toteż dopiero w 1958 nawiązali z Tansmanem kontakt dyrygent Stanisław Wisłocki (1921–1998) i muzykolog Krzysztof Biegański (1936–1967), który opublikował o nim kilka artykułów i w dużej mierze przyczynił się do pogłębienia znajomości jego dzieł w Polsce i uznania jego znaczenia w rozwoju nowej muzyki. Korespondencja Tansmana z Biegańskim z lat 1959–1961 stanowi drugą część artykułu.

Literature on music, Music
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Artistic synthesis in the novels of A.A. Kim (genre, style, method)

Akerke K. Assan, Irina G. Mineralova, Kadisha R. Nurgali et al.

The aim of the paper is to identify the dominant features of A. Kim’s style that influence the formation of writer’s genre preferences, determined by researchers within the boundaries of magical realism. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the dominant features of A. Kim’s individual style; to argue for the genre complexity of his prose as well as genre-style dominants indicating the individuality of writer’s style; to explain the functions of techniques, a priori considered by researchers to be features of the phenomenon of ‘magical realism’. As a result, based on the literature of the issue and the works of modern researchers, the article clarifies some essential features of writer’s individual style: techniques forming the philosophical plan of a work or the illusion of philosophies. Special attention is paid to the clash of ‘far-off ideas’ (M.Yu. Lomonosov), to the role of conflict, and its multilevel nature, reflected in the inner form of the prosaic whole. The article also focuses on the specific forms of verbal painting that affect the nature and complexity of the content. The manner developed at the beginning of A. Kim’s creative career (the novels “Squirrel”, “Father-Forest”, “Picking mushrooms to the music of Bach”, etc.) is recognizable in his later work and makes it possible to judge not only the artistic and meaningful significance of writer’s work, but also how well he reflects the current problems of his time.

Literature (General)
DOAJ Open Access 2024
‘It all depends on the pupils’: A survey study of classical instrumental music teachers’ perceptions of group teaching in Sweden

Ida Knutsson

This study considers perceptions of group teaching among classical instrumental music teachers in Swedish art and music schools. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a survey of music teachers in a region of Sweden and analysed using a mixed methods approach. Communities of practice and communities of musical practice served as the theoretical framework for both the deductive and the inductive parts of the study. The literature indicates a tension between the demand for more group teaching and signs of reluctance on the teachers’ part. It is found that the respondents in this study value individual teaching over group teaching, but the difference is not as significant as indicated in previous reports: their general attitude to group teaching is in fact slightly positive. The results also show that although teachers generally have extensive training from their higher music education, 61.4% of respondents hoped for continued education in group teaching.

Music, Musical instruction and study
DOAJ Open Access 2023
ROSES, TOMATO CHUTNEY AND RISING SUN: ON VISIBILITY OF THREE FESTIVALS IN BULGARIA

Svetlana D. HRISTOVA-VLADI

Objectives. This study focuses on the visibility of three local festivals in Bulgaria: Rose Festival in Kazanlak, July Morning at Kamen bryag and the Festival of Peppers, Tomatoes, Traditional Foods, and Crafts in Kurtovo Konare. The research on festive visibility has been deconstructed to three components of analysis: story, local imagery and photogenicity (colors, photographic visuals). Material and methods. These include participant observations, in-depth interviews, analysis of visuals (both website and media ones as well as photographs, taken by the researcher), and desktop research of scientific literature and online media outlets. Results. The researcher conducted fieldwork as participant observer, interviewer, photographer, and visual analyst of festive events. It was discovered that the Rose Festival promotes pink symbols as prevalent elements of the cultural-historical branding, encompassing Thracian heritage and rose farming. July Morning has been commodified towards fragmented celebrations happening in the peripheral moment of 30th June and 1st July. This has obscured the sense of community and the sense of place affiliated with the initial phenomenon. Local farmers’ aesthetics and diligence play a central role in the publicity of Kurtovo Konare Fest: their agrarian knowledge and willpower to actively participate in social life, upskill and exchange know-how with fellow famers. Conclusions. The three local celebrations represent collections of sensations, colors, imagined experiences, memories, visitor’s expectations, sense of community and awoken sense of place. The optics of the Rose Festival in Kazanlak comprises of contrasting messages: the pink aesthetics is representing the beauty and the traditional means of local livelihood; however, the flashy pink ambience somewhat mutes the demands of the rose farmers, seen in the pieces of critical journalism. July Morning Festival has been largely deterritorialized from its original place to dispersed celebrations which do not recur the initial code of conduct. In the locality of Kamen bryag, however, the scent of wild nature and sea salt still reunites a few generations of like-minded people, mostly admirers of rock music and camping. The heart of the optics of Kurtovo Konare Fest are the village producers, eager to raise voices in defense of their production and generate a distinctive local ethos.

Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Anthropology
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Edino Krieger

Ermelinda Paz

Este artigo tem como objetivo atualizar a biografia de Edino Krieger – crítico, compositor e produtor musical – publicada em dois volumes em 2012, pelo selo SESC Nacional. Em 2014, o compositor Ronaldo Miranda, em sua resenha crítica sobre a citada obra para a Revista da Academia Brasileira de Música a considerou como: “Uma biografia singular para um compositor plural”. A partir de então, nos propusemos a alterar o seu status de biografia desatualizada para biografia atualizada, mas reconhecendo que o potencial do conjunto de realizações do compositor, aliado à grandeza e à projeção natural de seus feitos motivariam o surgimento de novos fatos, revisões e inserções. O artigo pretende atualizar a biografia, em especial, não só no que tange às novas obras, mas também levantar as respostas da comunidade acadêmica através de novas gravações, artigos, dissertações e, ainda, teses. No Vol. II da biografia, nas páginas 58 - 59 há uma menção ao Projeto Bem-me-quer Paquetá. Por fim, é intenção do artigo trazer à baila através da análise minuciosa desse projeto, o Edino Krieger, Educador Musical, cuja importância nos pareceu relegada pelo próprio compositor a um plano menor.

Literature on music, Music
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Testosterone, oxytocin and co-operation: A hypothesis for the origin and function of music

Hajime Fukui, Kumiko Toyoshima

Since the time of Darwin, theories have been proposed on the origin and functions of music; however, the subject remains enigmatic. The literature shows that music is closely related to important human behaviours and abilities, namely, cognition, emotion, reward and sociality (co-operation, entrainment, empathy and altruism). Notably, studies have deduced that these behaviours are closely related to testosterone (T) and oxytocin (OXT). The association of music with important human behaviours and neurochemicals is closely related to the understanding of reproductive and social behaviours being unclear. In this paper, we describe the endocrinological functions of human social and musical behaviour and demonstrate its relationship to T and OXT. We then hypothesised that the emergence of music is associated with behavioural adaptations and emerged as humans socialised to ensure survival. Moreover, the proximal factor in the emergence of music is behavioural control (social tolerance) through the regulation of T and OXT, and the ultimate factor is group survival through co-operation. The “survival value” of music has rarely been approached from the perspective of musical behavioural endocrinology. This paper provides a new perspective on the origin and functions of music.

DOAJ Open Access 2023
Virtual choir: between technical and aesthetical

Xinbin Fu

The relevance of the article. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the extraordinary popularity of the remote form of joint choral performance in contemporary musical culture. The virtual choir is a fairly new, but already very widespread form of music-making, which is gradually acquiring new characteristics and functions compared to those that were inherent in its early days. The main factors of the development of the virtual choir phenomenon can be divided into “evolutionary” (the digitalization of art; the interest of performers in new forms of music making; active development of art therapy and inclusive art practices) and “revolutionary” (the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war, which, although more localized than the pandemic, involves a very large number of choirs that have been unable to work as usual). The latter two factors have led to a quantitative explosion of virtual projects, as well as significant changes in their focus, structure, functions, and composition of performers, etc. that require appropriate scientific understanding. The purpose of the research is to analyze and systematize existing studies of the virtual choir and to make up a strategy for its comprehensive research. The methodology. The study of the available scientific literature on the phenomenon of the virtual choir was carried out using the tools of systematic, textual comparative and comprehensive analysis. The results. The main scientific works on the virtual choir are systematized in four main areas: socio-psychological, technical, didactic and historical. It was found that musicology, choral studies and interpretation aspects have been studied very briefly. Most of the works reveal certain inaccuracies in the presentation of the history of virtual choral performance (except for Сayari), as well as some contradictions in the results of previous studies. In addition, the article raises the question of the conformity of the studied phenomenon with the concept of “virtual choir”. The scientific novelty. For the first time, the research provides a systematic review of scientific papers about the virtual choir, revealing the current trend towards the study of non-musical aspects. The practical significance. The materials of the article can be used in practical activities of conductors and choristers, as well as in the educational process of training conductors, choirmasters and vocalists in conditions of remote work. Conclusions. Scientific comprehension of the phenomenon of the virtual choir is active, but rather limited. Most often, it acts as a certain aesthetic phenomenon that should replace (mostly temporarily) the work of “live” choirs during social cataclysms that limit the possibility of creative communication between people. That is why the most relevant areas of research are socio-psychological and technical. At the same time, many works raise the question of the legality of using the term “virtual choir” for this multimedia activity, which, according to experts, has little in common with both the choir and virtuality. As a matter of fact, the lack of musicological, choral, interpretological investigations, typical for traditional choral activity, revealed within the scope of this study indirectly confirms this idea. The first step on the way to further scientific development of this topic should be a multi-faceted analysis of the current activity of virtual choirs.

Fine Arts, Music and books on Music
DOAJ Open Access 2022
From Sukabumi to Amsterdam 1883: Sundanese Society through Parakansalak Tea Plantation Exposition

Asep Nugraha

In 1883 the tea plantation in the Parakansalak Sukabumi region brought workers from the local plantation community to Amsterdam, to participate in De Internationale Koloniale en Uitvoerhandel Tentoonstelling. The planter, Mr. Holle, promoted the commodity of tea by including the original culture of the colony's land, precisely the Sundanese ethnicity. Sundanese cultural presentations include gamelan and dance performances and cultural tours of Sundanese society. Europeans directly witnessed people from the colonies playing music and dancing and carrying out daily life activities through village society. This paper describes the existence of the Sundanese society through the Parakansalak plantation group in Amsterdam in 1883, uses a qualitative approach with literature studies, and focuses on situational analysis that examines the activities of the Sundanese people through the Parakansalak tea plantation group at the Exposition Activity in 1883. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the existence of the Sundanese people in a new place - in Amsterdam - Europe by introducing Sundanese culture during the Exposition activity. The results obtained were the astonishment of the European community who saw the culture of the colonized nation. The first impression, Europeans see a group of Sundanese people who practice low and primitive culture. Still, it united people of different religions, ethnicities, and skins to fundraising for the Mount Krakatoa disaster in the Dutch East Indies.

Social sciences (General)
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Fine-Tuning Ferdinand Rebay’s Second Sonata in E major for Guitar

Luiz Mantovani

Composed in 1941 and dedicated to his guitarist niece, Gerta Hammerschmid, Ferdinand Rebay’s Second Sonata in E major for Guitar remained unperformed during his life, only gaining its premiere recording after my performance film was released in 2022. One of the reasons for this deferral is that the piece needed a thorough revision to fit the guitar’s idiom and, for reasons that can only be speculated about, this was not done by Hammerschmid at the time. This article examines my solutions to score-based issues encountered during the preparation of the sonata for performance, many of which demanded intervention in the musical text—a process I call “posthumous collaboration.” First, however, I investigate the relationship between Rebay and his Viennese guitar environment, explaining his motivations for writing over thirty sonatas or sonata-structured works for the guitar and then focusing on the group of seven solo guitar sonatas that he wrote between 1925 and 1944. The article is written from the perspective of an artist-scholar who looks critically at the repertoire and engages with it with the kind of authority that can only emerge from integrating scholarly studies with artistic experience.

Music and books on Music, Literature on music
DOAJ Open Access 2021
Interventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review

Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada, Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos, Mayara Alvares Cabral et al.

Abstract Objective To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits ofmusic therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods. Data Sources The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices. Study Selection Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review. Data Collectio n The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of thestudy. Summary of the Data In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period. Conclusion Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.

Gynecology and obstetrics
DOAJ Open Access 2018
The Study of the Level of Harmony of Rhyme and Content in the Poems of Hakim Sanaei

Najmeh Dorri, Somayeh Rezaei

The true poetry is the birth of the unconscious poet without the intervention of his consciousness, as Plato and Aristotle, the critics of the first poetry, point to this point. If poetry is burst from inside the poet's conscience, the rhyme and all the elements of the poetry are followed by the contents of his poem, rather than the poet, with a figure of a pattern. The outer music of poetry follows the poet's feelings on his tongue, and a poem with a conventional weight of poetry identity is indistinguishable from the point of view of the poetry and intuition; as the poems of the great poets of Persian literature is an example of this harmony between elements of poetry. Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the popular poets of Persian literature whose poetry seems to come from his uneasy inside the poetic moments of her life. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which weight and content are coordinated in his poems, and whether the two elements of weight and content in the Sanaei poems are in line with each other. In this research which was done by the library method, after reviewing the poetry of Sanai (330 sonnets and verses). Their subject and content were determined. First, the studied poems were divided into four groups of love, mysticism, ethics-preaching-social criticism, and eulogy. After determining their rhyme, the quality of rhyme and content and the level of coordination of these two elements were analyzed in Sanaei's poetry. It is worth noting that Sanaei's poems based on his work were chosen and studied by Modarres Razavi. In considering the weight of a poet's poetry, there are a few points to consider; for example, in the case of the Senaei's poems, he has said that he has undergone a number of existential issues and undoubtedly influenced these changes in his poetic style. Of course, the style of the time should not be ignored. This point should also not be ignored, with the advent of the purposive content of Persian poetry, a new chapter in literature begins with the name of Sanai Ghaznavi. The Sanai Ghaznavi's poems begin with mystical poetry, his lyrics and odes in this study, according to their contents were divided into four groups of preaching, mysticism, Qalandari, and romanticism. He has completed three stages of poetry. He used the great rhymes to compose eulogy, and according to the survey, rhymes can be said to fit into the theme of the eulogy. The important point regarding Sanaei is the romantic that has happy and sad rhyme at the same time. These poems are considered as lyrics that are more exciting. In his mystical and spiritual poems, the rhyme is calm. Although the poems with calm rhymes are more, but the short rhythmic poems are less that is the kind of rhyme in the speech. In the reviewed poems, Bahr-e Raml and Hazj are the most frequent. There is no rhymic forms in these poems.

Language and Literature, Indo-Iranian languages and literature
DOAJ Open Access 2014
Auditory stimulation with music influences the geometric indices of heart rate variability in response to the postural change maneuver

Bianca C. R. de Castro, Heraldo L Guida, Adriano L Roque et al.

It is poor in the literature the behavior of the geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during the musical auditory stimulation. The objective is to investigate the acute effects of classic musical auditory stimulation on the geometric indexes of HRV in women in response to the postural change maneuver (PCM). We evaluated 11 healthy women between 18 and 25 years old. We analyzed the following indices: Triangular index, Triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincarι plot (standard deviation of the instantaneous variability of the beat-to beat heart rate [SD1], standard deviation of long-term continuous RR interval variability and Ratio between the short - and long-term variations of RR intervals [SD1/SD2] ratio). HRV was recorded at seated rest for 10 min. The women quickly stood up from a seated position in up to 3 s and remained standing still for 15 min. HRV was recorded at the following periods: Rest, 0-5 min, 5-10 min and 10-15 min during standing. In the second protocol, the subject was exposed to auditory musical stimulation (Pachelbel-Canon in D) for 10 min at seated position before standing position. Shapiro-Wilk to verify normality of data and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by the Bonferroni test for parametric variables and Friedman′s followed by the Dunn′s posttest for non-parametric distributions. In the first protocol, all indices were reduced at 10-15 min after the volunteers stood up. In the protocol musical auditory stimulation, the SD1 index was reduced at 5-10 min after the volunteers stood up compared with the music period. The SD1/SD2 ratio was decreased at control and music period compared with 5-10 min after the volunteers stood up. Musical auditory stimulation attenuates the cardiac autonomic responses to the PCM.

Otorhinolaryngology, Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene
DOAJ Open Access 2014
Situation Songs - Therapeutic Intentions and Use in Music Therapy with Children

Agnes Kolar-Borsky, Ulla Holck

The aim of this study was to survey the various therapeutic intentions behind the use of one particular improvisation method applied in pediatric music therapy, called the situation song (from the German term “Situationslied”- Plahl & Koch-Temming, 2008, p. 180). According to Plahl & Koch-Temming the term situation song describes an improvised song, which is sung by the therapist or/and the child and which relates to the actual occurrence and the therapeutic relationship. The presented study focuses on the therapist’s singing only. The study was conducted in stages: An elaboration of the first author’s clinical experience with situation songs (preunderstandings), a systematic analysis of relevant literature, followed by semi-structured interviews with three music therapists from Denmark, Austria and Germany. A flexible investigation approach was used, following hermeneutic principles. The findings of the study show that situation songs are regularly used by pediatric music therapists, especially during the work with children at an early developmental age. The various intentions behind the use of situation songs can be summarized as such: to create a therapeutic space; to support the therapeutic relationship; to enhance experience and development in the fields of emotion, behavior, expression and social skills; to express  messages in language and to give structure to the child. The overall aim behind the use of situation songs is to offer essential experiences to the child in order to support his or her development. This study attempts to give an impulse to more international exchange of clinical terms applied in music therapy. The study was submitted as the first author’s master thesis in Music Therapy at the Aalborg University in Denmark. The second author supervised the process of the master thesis.

Music, Psychology
DOAJ Open Access 2009
Commentary on "Why Does Music Therapy Help in Autism?" by N. Khetrapal

Anjali K. Bhatara

Khetrapal reviews the literature on music and autism and stresses the need for a greater focus on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying both autism and music perception. I build upon this review and discuss the strong connections between speech prosody and emotion in music. These connections imply that emotion recognition training in one domain can influence emotion recognition in the other. Understanding of emotional speech is frequently impaired in individuals with ASD, so music therapy should be explored further as a possible treatment.

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