Hasil untuk "Lexicography"

Iva Mandušić

Publicist Mihael Kunić slabo je poznat hrvatskoj kulturnoj javnosti. Podrijetlom Slovak, zanimanjem umirovljeni pedagog i školski nadzornik u zemljama Habsburške Monarhije, u Hrvatskoj je boravio u posljednjem dijelu svoga života te je, aktivno sudjelujući u društvenom životu Zagreba, Karlovca, Varaždina, ali i u ladanjskom životu hrvatskoga plemstva, osobito u Slavoniji, zabilježio brojne zanimljivosti, danas vrijedne za poznavanje građanske kulture u prvim desetljećima XIX. st. Iz razdoblja njegova života prije dolaska u hrvatske zemlje potječu brojni njegovi radovi na njemačkom jeziku s područja pedagogije, lingvistike, povijesti i hortikulture, a slijedeći i razrađujući vlastitu biografsku metodu, Kunić je i u europskim razmjerima ostvario velik leksikografski pothvat, objavivši višesveščani biografski leksikon znamenitih ljudi Habsburške Monarhije Biographien merkwürdiger Männer der Österreichischen Monarchie (1805–12). U domaćoj literaturi uglavnom su poznate njegove povijesno-topografske studije i radovi o građanskim, plemićkim i javnim perivojima i parkovnoj arhitekturi, kojima je znatno pridonio poznavanju povijesti vrtne umjetnosti i kulturnih prilika u Hrvatskoj na početku XIX. st., a osim njih, u skladu s prosvjetiteljskim nastojanjima da se opišu životi osoba koje djeluju za opće dobro, objavio je i niz biografskih priloga o istaknutim osobama pretpreporodne Hrvatske i brojne prigodne pjesme kojima je obilježio razna javna i privatna događanja. U radu se, uz povijesni pregled razvoja hrvatske biografistike, razmatraju kriteriji odabira obrađenih osoba u Kunićevu opusu, motivi i okolnosti njegova djelovanja te njegov prinos razvoju ove discipline, s naglaskom na biografiju Josipa Sermagea, u kojoj opisuje svoje metodološke postupke, i krug osoba povezanih sa zagrebačkim Kaptolom kao dijela građanskoga sloja u nastajanju.

Vlatka Dugački

Leila RAHMANI

Semantic evolution represents a critical domain within semantics and contemporary linguistics, highlighting a fundamental characteristic of linguistic vitality. Regardless of its richness, a language cannot flourish without active utilization and dissemination among its speakers, thereby linking its present to its historical roots. As societies progress and as discoveries and innovations emerge, the necessity to coin new terms for previously undefined concepts becomes a pivotal driver of semantic evolution. Early Arabic lexicography predominantly concentrated on delineating the etymology and evolution of word meanings, sometimes observing that original usages become obsolete as cultural contexts shift. Noteworthy early Arabic treatises on semantics were often structured as "dictionaries." For example, Ahmad Ibn Faris's "Language Metrics" (d. 385 AH) engages in detailed discussions on the semantic progression of words, at times explicitly and at times implicitly, yet often without specific citations or evidence. This study endeavours to distinguish between robust and tenuous arguments, and between more and less credible viewpoints, drawing upon two primary sources: the perspectives of esteemed scholars and the precise, eloquent evidence they provide.The objective of this research is to trace the linguistic developments and transformations that lexicographers have endeavoured to elucidate words that encapsulate a phase in the dynamic evolution of the Arabic language to accommodate the communicative needs of its users. Résumé L'évolution sémantique représente un domaine critique au sein de la sémantique et de la linguistique contemporaine, mettant en évidence une caractéristique fondamentale de la vitalité linguistique. Quelle que soit sa richesse, une langue ne peut s’épanouir sans une utilisation et une diffusion actives parmi ses locuteurs, liant ainsi son présent à ses racines historiques. À mesure que les sociétés progressent et que des découvertes et des innovations émergent, la nécessité d’inventer de nouveaux termes pour des concepts auparavant indéfinis devient un moteur essentiel de l’évolution sémantique. La lexicographie arabe ancienne se concentrait principalement sur la définition de l'étymologie et de l'évolution du sens des mots, observant parfois que les usages originaux deviennent obsolètes à mesure que les contextes culturels changent. Les premiers traités arabes remarquables sur la sémantique étaient souvent structurés sous forme de « dictionnaires ». Par exemple, "LanguageMetrics" d'Ahmad Ibn Faris (mort en 385 AH) s'engage dans des discussions détaillées sur la progression sémantique des mots, parfois explicitement et parfois implicitement, mais souvent sans citations ni preuves spécifiques. Cette étude s’efforce de faire la distinction entre les arguments solides et ténus, et entre les points de vue plus ou moins crédibles, en s’appuyant sur deux sources principales :les perspectives d’universitaires estimés et les preuves précises et éloquentes qu’ils fournissent. L'objectif de cette recherche est de retracer les développements et les transformations linguistiques que les lexicographes se sont efforcés d'élucider, des mots qui résument une phase de l'évolution dynamique de la langue arabe pour s'adapter aux besoins communicatifs de ses utilisateurs.

Denise Bruno, Giuseppe Canzoneri, Salvatore Cristofaro et al.

The COVerLeSS project (Corpus Online del Verismo tra Letteratura, Storia e Società) explores Italian Verismo within the field of Periodical Studies, drawing on ongoing digitization and preservation initiatives in libraries and cultural institutions across Italy and Europe. The project aims to develop an integrated, open-access web platform that brings together journals, reviews, and essays on Verismo’s literary production. This platform integrates Digital Humanities tools and technologies for textual analysis, combining a digital edition with XML/TEI structural and descriptive markup, managed through TEI Publisher, quantitative lexical analysis, and the development of ontologies based on specific encoding elements. The focus is on the creation of a hybrid edition-archive, or knowledge site, where textual reading is complemented by both synchronic and diachronic data analysis. A central feature is the development of a lexical map, the Verbum dictionary, that links secondary literature on Verismo to primary sources through an interactive timeline (Ver-in-time). Designed to be user-friendly and inclusive, the platform accommodates different levels of expertise, from students to researchers, offering flexible ways to navigate, explore, and engage with diverse texts. By highlighting lexical patterns and key concepts, the project reveals the deep cohesion within this literary movement, providing a fresh perspective on a pivotal period in Italian cultural and literary history: the post-unification era.

Uredništvo broja

Za nakladnika: Filip Hameršak, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Glavni urednik: Damir Boras, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Zamjenica glavnoga urednika: Nataša Jermen, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Uredništvo Petra Bago, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Ivana Crljenko, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Vlatka Dugački, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Ivana Filipović Petrović, Zavod za lingvistička istraživanja u Zagrebu, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti Zdenko Jecić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Peter Jordan, Österreichische Academie der Wissenchaften, Institute für Stadt- und Regionalforschung, Wien Niels Elers Koch Udruga lex.dk, Kopenhagen Veronika Lipp Institut za leksikologiju, Mađarski centar za lingvistička istraživanja, Budimpešta Přemysl Mácha Etnološki institut Akademije znanosti Republike Češke, Brno Nives Mikelić Preradović, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Dino Mujadžević Hrvatski institut za povijest, Slavonski Brod Slaven Ravlić, Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Tea Rogić Musa Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Hrvoje Stančić, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Goran Sunajko, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Valters Ščerbinskis Nacionalna enciklopedija, Nacionalna knjižnica Latvije, Riga Danko Šipka Državno sveučilište Arizone, Tempe Toma Tasovac Digitalna istraživačka infrastruktura za umjetnost i humanističke znanosti, Berlin Domagoj Vidović, Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, Zagreb Savjet časopisa: Vlaho Bogišić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Davor Kapetanić, Sveučilište Washington u Seattleu Bruno Kragić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Trpimir Macan, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Antun Vujić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Urednica broja: Tea Rogić Musa Izvršna urednica: Iva Klobučar Srbić Urednica online izdanja: Cvijeta Kraus Prijevod: Boris Blažina Oblikovanje i prijelom: Ivo Horvat Dizajn korica: Andrea Holenda Izrada UDK: Dunja Marija Gabriel Izlazi dva puta godišnje Godina izdanja: 2023. Tisak: Division 4 Vision ISSN 1846–6745 e-ISSN 2459-5578 Adresa uredništva: Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža Frankopanska 26, 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Tel: +385 1 48 00 300, Tel./Faks: +385 1 48 00 399 E-mail: studia_lexicographica@lzmk.hr Web: http://studialexicographica.lzmk.hr Prilozi objavljeni u časopisu Studia lexicographica referiraju se u: ERIH PLUS DOAJ HRČAK

Duc Du Huynh

Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries of the Middle Ages and the Modern Ages serve as crucial source materials for the examination of the historical evolution of bilingual lexicography within the realm of East Asian Chinese characters. Despite their significance, the scholarly community has bestowed limited attention on this subject, leaving numerous facets unexplored. This article endeavors to furnish a comprehensive overview of the prevailing status of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries, delving into three primary perspectives. Building upon this framework, the historical trajectory of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries is delineated into three pivotal epochs, each further classified into distinct sub-categories based on regional disparities between the North and the South, as well as variations attributable to different compilers. The overarching objective is to present a holistic panorama of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries from the Middle Ages to the Modern Ages, thereby laying a solid groundwork for subsequent scholarly inquiry and advancement.

Z. I. Mineeva

INTRODUCTION. The article examines human nominations formed using animal names (zootropes) included by V.I. Dal in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”. This aspect of the analysis of the work, unique in its composition and volume of vocabulary, has not previously been the subject of research. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Dal’s dictionary presents a real, living language used in a vast territory of Russia. The purpose of the study is an analytical description of the animal names used to designate and characterize, evaluate a person in Dal’s dictionary (19th century), as well as identifying nominations preserved in the modern language, according to the lexicography of the 21st century.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is zootropes contained in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dal: in the heading of the article, in the text and illustrations, as well as the latest version of the “Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” of 2014. Semantic, comparative, word-formation and pragmatic methods were used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. About 90 units naming animals (beasts, birds, fish, insects, snakes and reptiles) were identified, which native speakers in the 19th century used to designate humans. 80 % of them are included in the corpus of zootropes of the modern Russian language and are recorded in modern lexicography of the 21st century. As the analysis shows, the names of animals are used to characterize a person’s appearance, internal qualities and behavior, to express a positive, sharp negative assessment and abuse.CONCLUSION. Zootropes of the modern Russian language constitute a significant layer of vocabulary that has absorbed traditional Russian ideas about their values. The most important condemned human qualities that are designated with the help of zootropes in the 19th and 21st centuries are greed, anger, untidiness and sloppiness, immodesty, and uncommunicativeness.

Léopold Julia

The ideological struggle against Anglicisms is a good illustration of unilingualism as defined by Henri Boyer: "no competition (for the national language), no deviance (from the norm)". The term invasion also raises two aspects: the increase in numbers and the threat of replacement. By lexicographical then sociolinguistic analysis of anglicisms among the new words in dictionaries (1998-2022), we will show how this threat is quite relative.

M.A. Esandi-Baztan, Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera

Specialized lexicography in graphic engineering has never had a tool in dictionary format that facilitates knowledge acquisition for students and meets their specific lexicographic needs in a technical university context. This paper presents an initial lemma list for a Spanish dictionary in the field of graphic engineering. The Delphi method has been used to assure expert consensus in this area. In addition, two equally professional surveys have been conducted by an expert and endorsed by experts. The fundamental concepts are considered, either because of the difficulty they represent, or due to their importance within our field of knowledge for which engineering documents and technical standards with technical graphic elements have been employed. Students have taken part in the process, thereby allowing identification of convergences and divergences between both groups of participants. The paper concludes with, on the one hand, a final list of accepted concepts and, on the other, of additional uncertain concepts, which could satisfy dictionary user needs and constitute the beginning of a functional online dictionary.

Mihela Melem Hajdarović

Swietłana M. Tołstojewa

The Language and Culture of Polish Highlanders The paper discusses the methodological and practical lexicographic solutions implemented in J. Kąś’s Ilustrowany leksykon gwary i kultury podhalańskiej (‘An illustrated lexicon of Podhalan dialect and culture’). In view of its theoretical and material values, this twelve-volume work occupies a significant place in Slavic dialectal lexicography. It is a so-called full dialectal dictionary, but at the same time an encyclopaedia of Podhalan folklore. Linguistic explanations entwine with description of the folk culture. The various ways in which ethnographic information is presented constitute an indisputable innovation, and it must be added that one of those ways are numerous photographs. A reliable, and also clearly designed dictionary has without doubt a great scientific and cultural significance. It can be used not only by dialectologists and ethnographers, but by anyone with interest in folk culture.

Klara Ceberio, Antton Gurrutxaga

In this article, we give an overview of the evolution of Basque lexicography to the present, pointing out its main achievements and shortcomings, as well as its challenges for the future. Basque lexicography has a relatively short history, but a considerable amount of resources have been produced in the last 50 years, since the standardisation process began. After years of lexicographic work by different groups and publishers, a remarkable achievement is the Dictionary of the Academy (Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia), a prescriptive updated dictionary recently published and based on historical and contemporary corpora. Although the number of monolingual products is noticeably increasing in the last years, Basque dictionary making has been specially productive for bilingual purposes, due probably to the sociolinguistic status of the language. On the other hand, specialized lexicography and terminology have been very active from the beginning of the standadisartion process. Since the beginning of the XXI. century, use of corpora has known an increasing impulse. Many Basque dictionaries are freely available on the Internet.

Jean Missud

Petya Osenova, Kiril Simov

The data-driven Bulgarian WordNet: BTBWN The paper presents our work towards the simultaneous creation of a data-driven WordNet for Bulgarian and a manually annotated treebank with semantic information. Such an approach requires synchronization of the word senses in both - syntactic and lexical resources, without limiting the WordNet senses to the corpus or vice versa. Our strategy focuses on the identification of senses used in BulTreeBank, but the missing senses of a lemma also have been covered through exploration of bigger corpora. The identified senses have been organized in synsets for the Bulgarian WordNet. Then they have been aligned to the Princeton WordNet synsets. Various types of mappings are considered between both resources in a cross-lingual aspect and with respect to ensuring maximum connectivity and potential for incorporating the language specific concepts. The mapping between the two WordNets (English and Bulgarian) is a basis for applications such as machine translation and multilingual information retrieval.   Oparty na danych WordNet bułgarski: BTBWN W artykule przedstawiono naszą pracę na rzecz jednoczesnej budowy opartego na danych wordnetu dla języka bułgarskiego oraz ręcznie oznaczonego informacjami semantycznymi banku drzew. Takie podejście wymaga uzgodnienia znaczeń słów zarówno w zasobach składniowych, jak i leksykalnych, bez ograniczania znaczeń umieszczanych w wordnecie do tych obecnych w korpusie, jak i odwrotnie. Nasza strategia koncentruje się na identyfikacji znaczeń stosowanych w BulTreeBank, przy czym brakujące znaczenia lematu zostały również zbadane przez zgłębienie większych korpusów. Zidentyfikowane znaczenia zostały zorganizowane w synsety bułgarskiego wordnetu, a następnie powiązane z synsetami Princeton WordNet. Rozmaite rodzaje rzutowań są rozpatrywane pomiędzy obydwoma zasobami w kontekście międzyjęzykowym, a także w odniesieniu do zapewnienia maksymalnej łączności i możliwości uwzględnienia pojęć specyficznych dla języka bułgarskiego. Rzutowanie między dwoma wordnetami (angielskim i bułgarskim) jest podstawą dla aplikacji, takich jak tłumaczenie maszynowe i wielojęzyczne wyszukiwanie informacji.

Wanda Fijałkowska

DI ctionnaire Synchronique des FAmilles derivationnelles de mots français (DISFA) as a phase in the evolution of nest word formation The lexicography of the Slavonic nations, especially the branch of nest lexicography, has seen an impetuous development since the sixties, producing at least fifty publications, but it remains effectively unknown to French lexicography. Updated terminology, the symbols of successive parts of speech in the word-formative chain from the centre of the nest to the specific derivative, remain an achievement of researchers solely on this side of the Rhône. The DISFA dictionary (Claude Gruaz et al., published 2008) neither does refer to the Slavonic tradition, nor even to the native, French tradition (p.ex. an unfinished project from the nineties that was initiated by Danielle Corbin), and remains despite the announcements only a morphological and etymological dictionary.

Young-kuk Jeong

**ABS**

K. Kageura

Jaka Čibej, Darja Fišer, Iztok Kosem

T. Declerck, E. Wandl-Vogt, Karlheinz Mörth

Martin Benjamin