Hasil untuk "Large industry. Factory system. Big business"

Liang Weiguo, Chen Chengjun, He Siyuan

asadollah abbassi, abolfazl moghadam, yasser heidari et al.

Context and purpose:Increasing the access of all sections of society to the facilities of cooperatives has become a major policy focus in developing countries in recent years as a tool to increase productivity and living standards. The main goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between the facilities granted by the cooperative sector in creating job opportunities according to the development plans of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. Methodology/approach: been studied.To test the hypotheses of the model Panel Data Used.After doing the test F Limer and Hausman to choose the right model, it was determined that the model is of fixed effects type.Therefore, regression with width was estimated from fixed origins .The data of all the provinces of the country during a period of 6 years (2017-2022) has Findings and conclusions:.The estimation results showed that all variables are compatible with economic theories in terms of signs.The facilities of the cooperative sector, the number of approved projects have had a positive and significant impact on the job opportunities created in the country. It was also found that the added value per capita of the provinces and the growth of the general price level had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable.Originality.In previous studies, facilities and credits are usually measured as a secondary variable in the success of cooperatives. In this research, the role of facilities in creating job opportunities in the provinces has been studied.

ahmad hajarian

Rural production cooperatives provide the grounds for the broad participation of the villagers in the process of rural development and solve the problems of the villagers in the economic and social fields through cooperation and joint efforts. Despite the need for development and expansion, rural production cooperatives still do not have a worthy position. In this study, using the content analysis method, the rearrangements of the organizational model of the rural production cooperative were identified. The information was collected based on semi-structured interviews and a study of sources and documents. Findings show that out of 111 open codes, 34 basic concepts were identified that can be divided into 9 categories of organizing themes. The results of the analysis indicate that in the rearrangement and reorganization of rural production cooperatives should pay attention to member participation, board empowerment, effectiveness and efficiency and the need to achieve policy goals and optimal management of rural production cooperatives. , Getting help from the villagers themselves and involving them in all the decision-making and implementation process.

Afshin Bazi, ْSamereh Shojaee, Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam et al.

Context and purpose. The use of e-commerce technology in the cooperative sector can improve the situation of job creation and income gains in rural cooperatives, leading to economic growth and development. Based on this, the current research aims to identify and prioritize the criteria of this technology in creating entrepreneurial opportunities in rural cooperatives.Methodology/approach. In this research, 36 components of entrepreneurial opportunities were identified based on literature review, and finally, they were refined using the opinion of 30 experts using the Fuzzy Delphi method. After the refining process, 23 selected components were evaluated and ranked through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice 11 software. At this stage, based on the Krejcie-Morgan table, 127 experts were selected from 200 cooperatives.Findings and conclusions. The results showed that the dimensions of creating entrepreneurial opportunities include commercial opportunities, organizational opportunities, social opportunities, economic opportunities, and technological opportunities, and the sub-components of each of them were weighted. Based on the results of the research, the local model in the cooperative sector is proposed in order to recognize and exploit the entrepreneurial opportunities of e-commerce technology.Originality. By identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities of e-commerce in rural cooperatives, this study has provided a framework that helps to increase the efficiency of these institutions and improve the livelihood of members through orientation to new job opportunities.

Yasser Said

This study aimed to determine the applicability to which green supply chain practices employed by Shell and Co-operation Petroleum Company in Egypt. Additionally, the impact of Green Supply Chain practices on the operational performance of each company. The results, based on benchmarking, were statistically analyzed by Fischer analysis. Concerning the company's practices of green procurement, the results revealed highly significant differences (p<0.0001) in requiring Suppliers to have ISO 14001, purchasing materials that contain green attributes, suppliers on specific environmental criteria and procure products that are made using recycled packages between both companies. <br />Concerning the company's green manufacturing practices, the results revealed highly significance differences (p<0.0001) in produce products that have packages, use life cycle assessment to evaluate environmental load, replacing hazardous substances with that are environmentally friendly, minimize the use of materials in packaging, encourage reuse of products and recycled materials, reducing the size of packaging, and cooperating with suppliers to standardize packaging between the both company. Concerning the company's practices of reverse logistics, the results revealed highly significant differences (p<0.0001) in dealing with disposal, processing returned merchandise, and repackaging product. Concerning the Company's operational performance with respect to the implementation of green supply chain practices the results revealed highly significant differences (p<0.0001) in quality, safety, delivery, and flexibility between Shell and Co-op companies. The work illustrated that green supply chain practices have a profound effect on the operational performance in Shell Company making it number one in the lubricant industry in Egypt.

Achraf Touil, Abdelwahed Echchatbi, Abdelkabir Charkaoui

In this paper, we propose a credibility-based fuzzy mathematical programming model for integrating the production and distribution in milk supply chain under uncertainty. The proposed model is a mixed integer linear programming, which takes into account technological constraints and aims to maximize the total profit including the total costs such as production, storage, and distribution. To bring the model closer to real-world planning problems, the objective function coefficients (e.g. production cost, inventory holding and transport costs) and other parameters (e.g., demand, production capacity, and safety stock level), are all considered fuzzy numbers. In the uncertain environment, the most known criteria widely employed are optimistic and pessimistic value criterions. Both criteria present some deficiency. For the optimistic criterion, it suggests an audacious who is attracted by high payoffs (low cost), while for the pessimistic criterion, it suggests a conservative decision-maker who tries to make sure that in the case of an unfavorable outcome (loss), there is at least (in most) a known minimum payoff (loss maximum). To overcome these problems, the Hurwicz criterion is used for the concerned problem. By varying the value of θ, it can balance the optimistic and pessimistic levels of the decision makers. Moreover, the different property of the credibility measure is used to build the crisp equivalent model, which is a MILP model that can solve, by using a commercial solver such as GAMS. Finally, numerical results are reported for a real case study to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed model.

elham pirouz, samane gholipoor

The general objective of this study was to identify the determinants of agricultural cooperatives development in Shabestar Township of East Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, Confirmatory Factor Analysiswas used. The statistical population of this study was all members of active and passive agricultural cooperatives (298 members) of Shabestar Township in 2017. To determine the sample size, the Cochran sampling formula was used, and the sample size was estimated to be 168, which eventually completed 161. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.728). Validity of the questionnaire was also examined by obtaining opinions of experts. Based on the findings of the estimation of Confirmatoryfactor analysis, from the total of 27 variables, only 16 variables played a significant role in defining the economic, cultural-social, educational, managerial, political, and individual characteristics of the members factors. According to the results, economic, managerial, cultural-social and educational factors had a positive and significant effect on the development of agricultural cooperatives and the individual characteristics of the members and political factors did not have a significant effect on the development of agricultural cooperatives. Based on the results, economic factors with a coefficient of 0.63 had the greatest impact on the development of agricultural cooperatives.

Sanjiwani Kumar

Quality control is of paramount importance to any company in improving the product quality. Due to changing industry standards and competitive issues, embracing quality engineering techniques for strong operations support has become of prime importance to maintain and sustain competitive advantage. In this paper researcher intend to analyze the production line of a product, detect assignable variations in process and calculate the capability of the process using statistical Process Control. Methodology: Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a powerful collection of problem-solving tools useful in achieving manufacturing process stability and improving capability through the reduction of variability. Sample size of 50 measurements with subgroup size 5 is considered in plotting these data points using control charts. Since this is a variable data with subgroup size between 2 to 10, data is plotted with the help of X bar and R chart. Also to conclude on the capability of the process and check instability and level shift Process Capability and Process Capability Index is calculated. Result: The analysis of the process reveals that despite of absence of assignable causes of variation and process capability being more than 1, the process capability index was less than 1 concluding that the process mean has shifted which invites more introspection.

Javad Khalili, Alireza Alinezhad

Efficiency is regarded as an important factor for both managers in different companies and organizations and customers who are interested in using the services related to these companies and organizations. However, the biggest challenges managers are coping with include an increase in the competition between companies and manufacturing centers, an increase in the efficiency of production, and finding suitable suppliers. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of green supply chain (GSC) by using Malmquist productivity index (MPI) based on the input and output indicators of the BSC model and accordingly providing some rules using the decision tree. To this aim, the efficiency of 15 automotive parts manufacturer firms in Iran was evaluated in the state of constant returns to scale during 2013-2016. Then, the obtained results were used as the class label of Decision Making Units (DMUs) which are regarded as the inputs of decision tree method. Finally, the implicit rules in the data were extracted by using the decision tree. The results indicated that the proposed model had a high degree of accuracy and interpretation in evaluating performance compared to previous models and helps managers to make better decisions to increase the efficiency.

mohammad amin sharifi, abdolhamid papzan, amilhosain Alibaigy et al.

Transaction costs of agricultural enterprises are an affective factor on product cost price, net exchange price and farmer’s participation in market. The aim of this survey research was to examine the role of agricultural cooperatives in reducing the transaction costs of Potato production enterprises in Qurveh Township. The sample size (351) was obtained by Bartlet Table and the sampling method was Multistage Cluster. For data collection questioners have been used which its validity was verified by viewpoints of panel of experts and reliability by Tests-Retest. The results showed that farmers cooperative members are facing with lower transaction costs(41%) and their participation in markets outside the province have increased significantly. the  variable of membership in the cooperatives could be entered in the Probit model to estimate the farmers participation in relevant market. On the other hand, transaction costs included the cost of information and measurement, significantly entered in the Logit model to estimate the membership of farmers in the cooperatives. Also, index of relations network, cost price and transaction volume were entered into the model.

Mohammed Rida Ech-Charrat, Khalid Amechnoue, Tarik Zouadi

Nowadays, Companies need to collect and to deliver goods from and to their depots and their customers. Reusable containers are considered as a greener choice and a cost saving strategy. This paper addresses a dynamic management of reusable containers (e.g gases bottles, wood pallets, maritime containers, etc.) in a Closed-loop supply chain. The aim of the study is to find an optimal lot sizing and assignment strategy that minimizes the cost of reusable containers management under environmental constraint. In this contribution, a new integer-linear-programming model and two hybrid approaches based on the genetic algorithm are proposed to solve the problem. The second hybrid method is enhanced with a local search based on the VNS (variable neighborhood search). The numerical results show the performance of the two hybrid approaches in terms of solution quality and response time.

A Nasirifard, M.S Allahyari, Z Daghighi Masoleh

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the entrepreneurial spirit of the cooperative managers of Guilan province. This research was designed as a descriptive study. Statistic population contained all managers and board members of 170 rural cooperatives in Guilan province (N=1020). The samples was determined according to the Table developed by Bartlett et al. (2001) which included 173 members that were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the reliability was approved by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha which has been 0.75. Descriptive statistics (mean score, standard deviation and frequency counts) and inferential statistics (Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test  and correlation coefficient) were used for analyzing data according to objectives by using SPSS software. Based on the research results, 53 percent of respondents had good and excellent entrepreneurial spirit. The result of F-test and t-test indicated personal characteristics such as gender, tendency to attend training courses, work experience and managing experience had a significant effect on entrepreneurial spirit.

F Salari, M Yazdanpanah, M Forouzani et al.

The aim of this research was to investigate the stockmen’s intention and behavior toward animal welfare in Sirjan Township. The sample was selected through simple random sampling. A survey of stockmen’s (N= 144) was undertaken in Sirjan Township, Kerman province. The reliability and validity of the instrument were examined and approved, and then data was collected. The results of this study revealed that independent variables predicted nearly 0.46 and 0.39 variance of the stockmen’s intentions and behavior regarding animal welfare respectively. Moreover, outcome expectation was the most important variable in predicting the stockmen’s intentions and behavior regarding animal welfare.  Finally, due to the positive effect of stockmen’s attitude on their intention, findings suggested that, by demonstrating educational films, using posters and visiting superlative dairy farms, it was possible to improve their attitude regarding their animal welfare. According to the impact of stockmen’s understanding of self-efficacy on achieving animal welfare, the study also suggested to simplify different aspects of animal welfare from perceptions of stockmen in order to see animal caring as easy. In this respect, Jihad-e-Keshavarzi organization and animal cooperation are two active institutes which can make this possible by providing different facilities and other possibilities for their members.

Fazlolah Aziz Pour Fard, Sara Ghobadi Ali Abadi, Hassan Sedighi

The main purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting on success of dairy farmers cooperatives in Kouhdasht Township, Iran. Statistical population was 600 members of the cooperatives dairy farmers in Kouhdasht Township, that 234 person were selected as a sample by using Krejcie and Morgan Table and with cluster sampling. The research instrument was researcher made questionnaire that was validated and confirmed by a panel of faculty members at Tarbiat Modares University, Department of agricultural extension and education and its reliability was gained using the Cronbach's alpha test. The reliability score was confirmed higher than 0.76 for all parts of the questionnaire. A factor analysis was used for measuring the success of dairy farmer’s cooperatives. The results showed the most important factors influencing the success of dairy farmers cooperative included five components; Knowledge- motivational, Supportive, Economic capabilities, communication and Educational Factors, The amount of cumulative variance explained by the five factors was 55.84.

Davood Shishebori, Abdolsalam Ghaderi

Proposing a robust designed facility location is one of the most effective ways to hedge against unexpected disruptions and failures in a transportation network system. This paper considers the combined facility location/network design problem with regard to transportation link disruptions and develops a mixed integer linear programming formulation to model it. With respect to the probability of link disruptions, the objective function of the model minimizes the total costs, including location costs, link construction costs and also the expected transportation costs. An efficient hybrid algorithm based on LP relaxation and variable neighbourhood search metaheuristic is developed in order to solve the mathematical model. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid algorithm has suitable efficiency in terms of duration of solution time and determining excellent solution quality.

Habibollah Mohamadi, Ahmad Sadeghi

Recently, much attention has been given to Stochastic demand due to uncertainty in the real -world. In the literature, decision-making models and suppliers' selection do not often consider inventory management as part of shopping problems. On the other hand, the environmental sustainability of a supply chain depends on the shopping strategy of the supply chain members. The supplier selection plays an important role in the green chain. In this paper, a multi-objective nonlinear integer programming model for selecting a set of supplier considering Stochastic demand is proposed. while the cost of purchasing include the total cost, holding and stock out costs, rejected units, units have been delivered sooner, and total green house gas emissions are minimized, while the obtained total score from the supplier assessment process is maximized. It is assumed, the purchaser provides the different products from the number predetermined supplier to a with Stochastic demand and the uniform probability distribution function. The product price depends on the order quantity for each product line is intended. Multi-objective models using known methods, such as Lp-metric has become an objective function and then uses genetic algorithms and simulated annealing meta-heuristic is solved.

Tahereh Poorbagheri, Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki

In this study, a vendor-managed inventory model is developed for a single-vendor multiple-retailer single-warehouse (SV-MR-SV) supply chain problem based on the economic order quantity in which demands are stochastic and follow a uniform probability distribution. In order to reduce holding costs and to help balanced on-hand inventory cost between the vendor and the retailers, it is assumed that all inventory is held at a central warehouse with the lowest cost among the parties. The capacity of the central warehouse is limited. The objective is to find the warehouse replenishment frequency, the vendor's replenishment frequency, the order points, and the order quantities of the retailers such that the total inventory cost of the integrated supply chain is minimized. The proposed model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP); hence, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve this NP-hard problem. The parameters of the GA are calibrated using the Taguchi method to find better solutions. Some numerical illustrations are solved at the end to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and to evaluate the performance of the solution method.

Sirma Zeynep Alparslan Gok, Osman Palanci, Mehmet Onur Olgun

The Shapley value, one of the most common solution concepts of cooperative game theory is defined and axiomatically characterized in different game-theoretic models. Certainly, the Shapley value can be used in interesting sharing cost/reward problems in the Operations Research area such as connection, routing, scheduling, production and inventory situations. In this paper, we focus on the Shapley value for cooperative games, where the set of players is finite and the coalition values are interval grey numbers. The central question in this paper is how to characterize the grey Shapley value. In this context, we present two alternative axiomatic characterizations. First, we characterize the grey Shapley value using the properties of efficiency, symmetry and strong monotonicity. Second, we characterize the grey Shapley value by using the grey dividends.

H Givarian, M. R Mandjin, F Falahpouri

‌Cooperative companies are partnership organizations and their indicative mark is democratic participation of members in planning & decision makings involved in governing the company’s affairs. The current study was conducted to investing the factors affecting the participation of the board of directors of industrial cooperatives in decision makings related to governing cooperative companies in the city of Khoram Abad (2010). Study type is applied, descriptive and survey. The research was carried out in the field by using questionnaires and its statistical population includes 211 active industrial cooperatives located in the district Khoram Abad Cooperation Administration. Sampling method was systematic (methodical) with random beginning during which 136 cooperatives were selected and a questionnaire was submitted to each cooperative which was completed by the managing director or a member of the board of directors and then was collected. To verify the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach alpha coefficient was used. Analysis of the data was carried out by SPSS software and both descriptive and inferential tests were used. The findings show that factors such as sense of responsibility, increase in efficiency, acquiring creditability, self esteem and motivation greatly affect the participation of the board of directors in the decision makings of the cooperatives.