Hasil untuk "Labor policy. Labor and the state"

Mamadou Laye Ndoye, Touwédé Bénédicte Atchade

This research aimed to better understand the impact of a mother’s work on girls’ and boys’ school progression at the end of primary school in Senegal. The observed correlations between a child’s educational success and the mother’s labor market involvement may not indicate causation but could instead result from other shared factors influencing both variables (an endogeneity issue). To address this issue, we estimated a bivariate model with two equations, one explaining the mother’s participation in the labor market and the other explaining the child’s educational survival, applied to data from the Integrated Regional Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector (ERI-ESI-2018). We discovered that certain individual characteristics, such as age, education level, and marital status, as well as family characteristics, including household size and parents’ social background, play significant roles in maintaining women’s labor market activity. Furthermore, we concluded that mothers’ participation in the labor market has a positive and significant effect (at 10%) on boys’ success in primary school exit exams, while the impact on girls is negative and not statistically significant. When controlling for various factors, we found that children whose mothers possess higher levels of education are more likely to pass their primary school exams. The results highlight the significance of women’s education, underscoring its role in not only integrating women into the labor market, but also in fostering their children’s academic success. In terms of economic policy implications, the study suggests that state authorities should continue to invest more in improving women’s literacy rates and in strengthening their academic and professional capacities, thereby enabling them to achieve advanced levels of education and higher qualifications.

Saman Janaranjana Herath Bandara

West Virginia, home to approximately 1.77 million residents, has been grappling with significant economic challenges characterized by persistent poverty and sluggish growth. Despite ongoing development efforts, the state’s Gross State Product (GSP) has seen only a modest increase of 0.1% over the past five years, reaching USD 71.7 billion, while the unemployment rate remains at 4.0%. The annualized employment growth rate of 0.7% lags behind the national average, and only about 54% of West Virginia’s adult population is either employed or actively seeking employment, resulting in one of the lowest labor force participation rates in the nation. In contrast, certain industrial sectors, such as healthcare, social assistance, retail trade, and accommodation and food services, have shown intermittent growth at the county and regional levels. To explore the unique characteristics and significance of these regions in relation to employment growth, this study examines regional employment patterns in West Virginia from 2001 to 2020, focusing on the main regions of the state: Metro Valley, Mid-Ohio Valley, New River/Greenbrier Valley, Mountain Lakes, and Potomac Highlands. Utilizing shift-share and location quotient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) analyses, this research identifies the sectors driving regional employment and assesses their performance. Key findings reveal strong sectoral performance in mining, manufacturing, and finance in the Mid-Ohio Valley; wholesale trade, transportation, and utilities in the Metro Valley; agriculture and administrative services in the New River/Greenbrier Valley; agriculture and manufacturing in the Potomac Highlands; and scientific services, healthcare, and utilities in the Mountain Lakes region. Based on these insights, this study recommends targeted policy interventions to address regional disparities, enhance sectors with significant short- and long-term benefits, and foster balanced economic development across the state.

Roberto Espinoza

Aníbal Quijano ha dejado aportes sustanciales sobre teorías, apuestas y *cuestiones abiertas* para las ciencias sociales, pero, sobre todo, para los *movimientos de la sociedad* y la búsque de *horizontes de sentido alternativos*.  La actitud de insumiso vital, en la teoría y en la práctica, que, con acierto, mencionara Danilo Quijano, sintetiza mucho de su legado: insumisión contra todo tipo de poder y de opresiones, del color político o ideológico que fuese. Uno de sus textos clásicos es “Colonialidade do poder, eurocentrismo e América Latina, publicado en portugués por CLACSO - Consejo Latinoamericanos de Ciencias Sociales, en 2005, y que adjuntamos a los lectores de la Revista Trabalho Necessário (TN 47).  

Rosana de Fátima Silveira Jammal Padilha

A síntese aqui apresentada é resultado da trajetória de pesquisa realizada no Doutorado em Tecnologia e Sociedade, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, sob orientação do professor Domingos Leite Lima Filho. O trabalho de investigação junto a um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia nasce a partir da minha inserção como docente do ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico, acompanhamento dos processos de desenvolvimento do Projeto Político Pedagógico, e das dinâmicas vivenciadas no espaço do campus, no qual fui inserida como docente.

Aidaraliyeva Aizhamal, Sultanova Zamzagul, Tapalova Assel et al.

Essence and current condition of Kazakhstani labor market, its dominant problems, and the ways of their solution are considered in the article. The article explores the peculiarities of the concept, structure and types of employment among the population, the notion and essence of the labor market, and the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the state’s labor and employment policies. The state policy in the sphere of employment and market relations is considered. The public policy analysis of labor market and employment is carried out, the main indicators characterizing the labor market are estimated, the problems that accompany the subjects functioning in it are summarized, the influence of unemployment on the efficiency of Kazakhstan’s economy is shown. Despite the huge influence of informal employment on the social sphere, this problem has been little researched in our country. In the regions of Kazakhstan insufficient attention has been paid to the mechanisms of improvement of employment, including the labor market. In the conclusion of the paper it has been indicated by authors that metrics of employment and unemployment are used as the core macroeconomics aggregates for evaluation the economy pie in toto and for identifying its main tendencies.

Francisco Vila Tierno

De manera muy reciente, la sentencia del TSJ de Cataluña núm. 496/2023, de 30 de enero (rec.6219/2022) ha venido a reconocer la necesaria existencia de una indemnización adicional, por encima de la tasada legalmente, para otorgar efectos disuasorio y reparador a una acción extintiva por parte del empleador.

Carlos Brandão

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Patricia Nieto Rojas

La legislación laboral en materia de igualdad entre hombres y mujeres dedica una buena parte de su articulado a los instrumentos de conciliación y esta atención cobra pleno sentido no solo porque la dificultad de conciliar trabajo y familia es una causa de abandono del mercado de trabajo que afecta casi exclusivamente a las mujeres con responsabilidades de cuidados, sino porque la efectiva igualdad requiere mecanismos que aseguren el tránsito a un modelo de corresponsabilidad en los cuidados. El presente artículo se centrará en la respuesta comunitaria y nacional a la corresponsabilidad, significadamente en los mecanismos de flexibilidad en el tiempo y lugar de trabajo, así como en el análisis crítico del RD Ley 5/2023 con el que el legislador español ha procedido a la transposición de la Directiva 2019/1158. 

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Abdülkadir Şenkal

The Great Transformation, published in 1944 by Karl Polanyi, brought a new dimension to the relationship between market, state, and welfare. Polanyi considered the relation between markets and societies as a central feature of any social order; according to him, while the market destabilizes society, the commodification of labor, land, and money creates a reaction or “counter-movement.” For this reason, he describes market society as being a dominant principle for social organization. Social relations are embedded within the economic system instead of the economy being embedded in social relations. Polanyi also claims that market society is a political and social construct rather than a natural phenomenon. Yet, the rapid growth of government bureaucracy and interference in the private sphere has challenged many traditional notions related to the nature of capitalist society, especially since the 1940s. Therefore, the state plays an important role in both the establishment and regulation of the private market economy. This article proposes an interpretation, in the context of the contemporary welfare state based on Polanyi’s The Great Transformation, which discusses the distinction between market, welfare, and labor. The institutions, that once contributed to embedding the market economy within society, now play an important role in situations that have potential consequences for those seeking help from the welfare state.

Maria Augusta Martiarena de Oliveira

No ano de 1986, circulou na cidade de Osório, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a Revista Polivisão. Esse periódico era produzido pelos docentes da Escola Polivalente daquela cidade. Essa instituição integrou uma rede de escolas criada no âmbito dos acordos entre o Ministério da Educação (MEC) e a Agência Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (USAID). O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a compreensão dos docentes de uma Escola Polivalente sobre educação integral/integrada e formação profissional. Para tanto, utiliza-se a imprensa pedagógica como fonte de pesquisa.

José Nildo Alves Cau

A presente pesquisa articula-se à Linha de Pesquisa Política Educacional, Planejamento e Gestão da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, e teve como objetivo central analisar o que os jovens matriculados na Educação Profissional do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco buscam ao realizarem sua formação no Curso Técnico Integrado em Agropecuária. Junto a isso, tecemos o esforço de explicitar quem são os jovens que frequentam o curso Técnico Integrado de Agropecuária do IFPE; discutir a construção da trajetória da formação do Técnico Integrado em Agropecuária em articulação com os determinantes sociais na condição juvenil, além de apreender como se articula o projeto de vida da juventude matriculada no Curso Técnico Integrado em Agropecuária e as experiências vivenciadas no processo formativo.

Giovanni Frizzo

Utilizando como universo empírico de análise o caso da regulamentação da profissão da Educação Física, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o papel da regulamentação das profissões na reforma administrativa do Estado a partir da crise estrutural do capitalismo. Entendendo que esta se constitui como um dos mecanismos regulatórios para o reordenamento do mundo do trabalho oriundo da reestruturação produtiva iniciada na década de 1970, implicando em formar um “novo” tipo de trabalhador, onde a “nova” retórica para a educação deste período de mudanças está fundamentada na ideia do profissional empreendedor, competente e ético como “solução” para o desemprego. É nesse bojo que os conselhos profissionais adquirem um importante papel coercitivo, repressivo e corporativista para a defesa do mercado, em detrimento dos interesses dos trabalhadores, principalmente o Sistema CONFEF/CREFs.

Ricardo Vasconcelos, Mário Amorim

Este artigo pretende realizar uma reflexão sobre a relação entre o ciclo de expansão econômica neodesenvolvimentista dos governos petistas de Lula e Dilma Rousseff e a redefinição da oferta de cursos de qualificação profissional por intermédio da criação e implementação do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (PRONATEC), criado no primeiro governo de Dilma, através da Lei nº 12.513/2011, cujo objetivo seria garantir a expansão da formação profissional massiva de trabalhadores, atendendo as demandas de um suposto “apagão” de mão de obra qualificada. Prioriza-se a discussão envolvendo o perfil de qualificação presente nos cursos do PRONATEC.

Francisco José Lobo Neto

O centenário da morte de Leôncio de Carvalho (Carlos Leôncio da Silva Carvalho), inspira uma incursão nos documentos reveladores das políticas educacionais do período imperial, destacando o enfoque da relação entre trabalho e educação.

Anastasia Gorodzeisky, Moshe Semyonov

The present paper examines modes of immigrants' labor market incorporation into European societies with specific emphasis on the role played by immigrant status (i.e. first-generation immigrants, immigrant descendants and native born without migrant background), region of origin, and gender. The data were obtained from the European Union Labour Forces Survey 2008 Ad-Hoc Module for France, Belgium, UK and Sweden. In order to supplement the results from the country-specific analysis, we replicated the analysis using pooled data from the five rounds of the European Social Survey conducted between 2002 and 2010, for nine 'old immigration' Western European countries together. The analysis centered on two aspects of incorporation: labor force status and occupation. Multinominal, binary logistic as well as linear probability regression models were estimated. The findings suggest that in all countries non-European origin is associated with greater disadvantage in finding employment not only among first-generation immigrants, but also among sons and daughters of immigrants (i.e. second-generation). Moreover, the relative employment disadvantage among immigrant men of non-European origin is especially pronounced in the second-generation. The likelihood of attaining a high-status job is influenced mostly by immigrant status, regardless of region of origin and gender. The results of the study reveal that patterns of labor force incorporation vary considerably across origin groups and across generations. The patterns do not vary as much across countries, despite cross-country differences in welfare state regimes, migration integration policy and composition of migration flows.

Eddy Kiswanto

This paper aims to study the system of social security in Indonesia. Social security represents the elementary rights of every citizen which is guaranteed by the state, like in section 27 article 2 UUD ' 45 and the laws of System of Social Security National (SJSN). Practically, the social security and social services prggram run by government framework not yet clearly with asocial policy which should be integral and continual Government has been trapped in current of liberalism and capitalism so that state role becomes progressively minimize. From 95 million labor force only 24,6 million obtain to get the social security, or newly 12% from resident amount. To overcome the weakness, resistance, and barricade in execution of social security Drstem in Indonesia, National Social Security needed to embrace the principle of government--bodies, deputizing stakeholders in this case competitor! worker, and government. Gathering and fee organizer require to be supported by openness, carefulness, accountability, and eficien. Entangling of various kind of stakeholders actor of vital importance as principal applying form of governance, the model executed by Indonesian government according should be to its society characteristic. Though financing system conducted by sharing across population, the government remain involved in the goodness in arrangement, observation, and also its financing.

Matheus Bernardo Silva

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar uma teorização voltada para a Educação Física escolar pautada em alguns fundamentos do positivismo. Tal teorização tem como perspectiva para essa área do conhecimento a reflexão sobre a promoção de saúde e a intervenção na qualidade de vida do ser humano, levando em consideração os condicionantes da realidade social. Trata-se, ainda, de um estudo introdutório, em que questionamos e contrapomos essa teorização biológica e positivista com base no materialismo histórico-dialético, e concluímos que essa teorização não apresenta proposições para a Educação Física escolar sobre a promoção de saúde e da qualidade de vida, tomando como pressuposto a realidade social, pois refuta os movimentos contraditórios do atual modo de produção capitalista, negando, assim, os condicionantes histórico-sociais desse modo de produção.

Paun Georgeta

Although the mechanisms necessary to adapt the current Common Agricultural Policy, Romania has achieved targets for increasing labor productivity, while increasing market competitiveness and transformation of current structures viable operating structure as the foundation for integration into the common market. These steps can not be bypassed. As the old Member States have long exceeded those steps and it is not possible the unitary development at European level through the maintenance of important differences, the new Member States should be supported to speed up reforms. As a result, the Romanian agriculture, although it will evolve at a European level and in the future will have features related to the nature of climatic and human resources which furthers the quality of products, diversified. This specific development is the expression of diversity of Member States to ensure their national identity. Support the European integration process fosters diversity of each Member State market competitiveness of food products.

H. L. Vega, L. Penne

From a planning perspective, a mega-region can be defined as an extended network of metropolitan centers and their surrounding areas, crossing county and state lines, linked by integrated labor markets, land use systems and transportation and communication infrastructure. From a governance perspective, delimiting the jurisdictional borders of a mega-region is rather challenging due to the overlap of hierarchy of governance systems. It has been suggested that the effective management of existing transportation infrastructure and the planning and financing of new investments in these areas will need to operate under a regional framework of governance. What such regional framework might look like is still subject to debate. Despite years in the planning, currently no mega-regional transportation initiative has been implemented in the U.S. This article uses descriptive and interpretative analysis to further the debate in two areas. It first reviews definitional issues in the existing literature as they apply to mega-regions and transportation. Second, it undertakes a comprehensive survey of regional initiatives, such as the Corridors of the Future Program, to highlight the complexity of multi-state transportation projects. Lessons from this survey can be useful when developing future transport policy, as policymakers increase their efforts to adopt regional governance initiatives to finance transportation investments worldwide.