Hasil untuk "Japanese language and literature"

Robert Joseph Del Greco

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Hiroshi Nara

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Dewi Kania Izmayanti, Syahrial Syahrial, Nolia Sri Wahyuni

The purpose of this study is firstly to know and describe how the diaspora Alumni of the Japanese Literature Study Programof Universitas Bung Hatta livein Japan. Then, secondly, the purpose of this study is to know whether the language and culture that they studied at the Universityare usefulin their lifein Japan. The formulation of the problems that want to be studied is the impression felt when first arriving in Japan, the related learning of Japanese language and culture in living life in Japan, and what kind of living life by diaspora alumni of Japanese literature Minang ethnic in Japan.The methods used in this study are qualitative descriptiveutilising questionnaires and structured interviews. The number of identified respondents is29.The questionnaires were constructed inGoogle Forms,distributed through social media: WhatsApp. The data were then analysedusinginterpretative descriptive models. The analysis suggestedthat the obstacles experienced by Japanese Literature alumni fromMinang ethnic diaspora in Japan when they first arrived in Japan were language and food. This is due to their lack of training in using Japanese when they were in college, and as ethnic Minangs, they cannot escape the taste of Minang cuisine.While related to the learning of Japanese language and culture, the material that has been given is felt quite helpful and quite used in, as well as the Japanese language that the diaspora uses, during living life in Japan, the Minang ethnic diaspora cannot be separated from consuming Indonesian cuisine or food, because this is also supported by the ease of obtaining Indonesian food and cuisine.This study findingis expected to add insight into the life of the Indonesian diaspora in Japan and can be a reference for further research related tothe Indonesian diaspora.

Eun-young Park, Do-hyung Kim

If the Christian Church prioritizes its existence and expansion, it will turn to the entity that approves of it and protects it. When the Modern Japanese emperor’s state approached the church as his grace, the Japanese Christian Church showed its gratitude and pledged its allegiance to the emperor. In the Sino-Japanese War, which assisted modern Japan in becoming an imperial-ist country, the Japanese Christian community was in favor of a war under the pretext of a “righteous war” to maintain a lasting peace in the East. However, during the Russo-Japanese War, when most of the Christians were actively in favor of the war, there were a few anti-war voices among small groups of Christians that had not been heard during the Sino-Japanese War. There was a tension that could not be easily resolved in the Japanese Christian Church. In particular, <i>Gokyō</i>, a Christian journal published by the Japanese Methodist Church, one of the major Protestant denominations, simultaneously presented two interesting and conflicting stances regarding the Russo-Japanese War (just war vs. anti-war). In this paper, we examine the diverging perspectives presented in <i>Gokyō</i> and explore various patterns of religion–war relations. Through this, we can see an example of two opposing arguments of just war and anti-war that coexisted and competed on the grounds of Christianity.

Hiroshi Nara

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譚君怡 Chun-Yi Tan, 羅仕昌 Shih-Chang Lo, 于乃明 Nai-Ming Yu

日本近年在開放式創新的時代需求下，對於深化高等教育產學合作寄予高度的期待。日本政府自2010年代中期起鼓勵大學導入「交叉契約制」，作為促進產學人員流動的潛力機制。然而，由於該制度實施時日尚淺，又屬十分實務的領域，少有相關的學術研究，該制度在理 論上的意義尚未被探討。因此，本研究透過實施該制度的典範性案例大阪大學為個案，以產學合作之阻礙與促進相關理論及日本高等教育產學合作發展脈絡作為框架，透過個案研究法，蒐集相關人員訪談及文件資料，據以分析該校實施交叉契約制的脈絡及實務發展，探討 該制度在產學合作上的角色與意義。研究結果發現：一、交叉契約制形成一種新型態的「跨界者行動機制」，促使跨界行動者對產學雙方組織的認同與深度參與，進而產生研究的跨域創新。二、該制度的順利推行，有賴於學校產學合作文化、雙方先前合作經驗與相互信任關係，促成大學與企業間「產學融合」的深度鏈結，成為一種兼具「默契型」與「組織對組織型」的日本特色產學合作模式。三、交叉契約制擴大了外國籍、女性等多樣性人才的投入，有效促進研究環境的多元化，帶來多樣性刺激，形成跨域創新的場域。四、促進教師參與動機的配套措施仍面臨挑戰，這將是未來擴大更多教師參與時的重要議題。最後，本研究並提出對我國高等教育產學合作與人事制度創新的啟示。 To address needs for the open innovation and cultivation of university-industrial collaboration, the Japanese government has encouraged universities to integrate cross-appointment systems (CASs) into their personnel systems since the mid-2010s to promote technological innovation and technology transfer through the exchange of human resources between academia and industry. CASs facilitate the establishment of joint appointments, in which a faculty member or researcher can affiliate with both a university and a company (or other university/research institute) simultaneously by entering a collaborative contract. After entering a collaborative contract, a faculty member/researcher works for both institutions in a specific arrangement of work time and workload, which facilitates the cross-border exchange of human resources between academia and industry and, in turn, facilitates cross-border innovation. By entering a collaborative contract, a faculty member can understand the priorities and perspectives of the company, and researchers employed by the company can be trained to use state-of-the-art technology available in the university. In addition, the company may provide an attractive salary to the faculty member as an incentive to participate in university-industrial collaboration. Few studies have investigated CAS practices, and CASs have not been analyzed theoretically. Therefore, this study draws on the literature on barriers to and the facilitators of university-industrial collaboration as a framework to examine the practical process, effects, and challenges of CAS installation through a case study of Osaka University. Osaka University is a pioneer university in Japan that has adopted a CAS; it was selected for use as a case study because its CAS is often used as a representative case in Japan’s government policy guidelines. In the relevant English-language literature, studies have demonstrated fundamental differences between academia and industry, such as those in their research goals, values, and work cultures, that complicate university-industrial collaboration. Some facilitators of university-industrial collaboration, including institutional support from universities, previous collaboration experience and trust between an academic institution and a company, social and geographical context, boundary-spanning activities, have been identified. In addition, the relevant Japanese literature indicate that to cultivate innovation, the Japanese government encourages universities to switch their university-industrial collaboration model from the traditional “silent understanding” (a long-term cooperation which relies on interpersonal relationship) model to the organization-to-organization model. The social meaning of university-industrial collaboration has changed from the commercialization of knowledge to university social responsibility, which is sometimes further linked to regional revitalization. The incorporation of national universities in Japan since 2004 has granted universities the autonomy to manage their intellectual property and maintain finance independence. Therefore, since 2004, university-industrial collaboration has flourished. Since the mid-2010s, government policy guidelines have promoted CASs as a means of promoting cross-border innovation through the university-industrial collaboration. In this study, interviews were conducted with a personnel manager and a faculty member/ manager who participates in the CAS at Osaka University. Documents, including government policy guidelines, university regulations, and other documents related to Osaka University’s CAS practices, were collected and analyzed. The findings are as follows. First, Osaka University’s CAS enables new types of boundary-spanning activities, in which each boundary spanner develops a new identity and becomes deeply involved in both the university and their respective company during the collaboration process. Thus, the CAS promotes the cross-border technological innovation effectively. Second, some factors affecting the installation and operation of the CAS, including the organizational culture of the university which encourages university-industrial collaboration, previous collaborative experience and trust between the university and the company, were identified. Osaka University’s CAS facilitates meaningful progress on the “fusion of industry and academia” at the university. Moreover, the university’s university-industrial collaboration model combines the features of the traditional silent understanding model and the organization-to-organization model in the Japanese context. Third, the CAS promotes the recruitment of foreign and female researchers, which introduces cultural diversity into the research environment. Fourth, some barriers to implementing measures to support faculty motivation and professional development remain. For instance, determining how to create and institutionalize a mechanism for adjusting the workload of faculty members who participate in the CAS is crucial, especially for promoting faculty participation in the system. The implications of these findings for university-industrial collaboration and personnel system innovation in Taiwan are as follows. (1) To cultivate open and cross-border innovation, the government must establish new policies, institutions, and deregulations to grant more autonomy to universities, thus enabling them to making meaningful progress on the “fusion of industry and academia.” (2) To promote the “fusion of industry and academia,” universities must promote various boundary-spanning activities to create opportunities for collaboration between universities and industries and to cultivate an organizational culture that encourages faculty members to participate in and accumulate experience with organization-to-organization collaboration. (3) To encourage more faculty members to participate in university-industrial collaboration, diversified career development paths and faculty evaluation regulations are key to ensuring that faculty members who participate in university-industrial collaboration are not placed at a disadvantage in the university promotion system. (4) Companies, especially small and medium enterprises, must actively participate in university-industrial collaboration to strengthen their research and development capacities. Because this study focused on CASs from the perspective of universities and faculty members, future studies may examine the effects of CASs from the perspective of participating companies to elucidate the effects of such systems on different stakeholders. Furthermore, although information collected in this study did not provide any insights regarding the problem of conflict of interest in CASs, a faculty member with a joint appointment with a company may encounter difficulties in avoiding conflicts of interest; therefore, this topic warrants further investigation. In addition, CASs can be applied not only in university-industrial collaboration but also in university-to-overseas university and university-to-research institution collaboration. Investigating the effects of and challenges encountered during various types of collaboration may provide meaningful insights into academic perspectives on CASs.

E. L. Katasonova

The capture of servicemen of the Kwantung army by the Soviet troops in Manchuria in August 1945, their further detention in labor camps in the USSR, as well as their repatriation to Japan, which dragged on for nearly ten years, are among the most difficult and sensitive issues in relations between the USSR and Japan. They were not written about or discussed in the Soviet Union for many years until the early 1990s, when access to previously classified documents was opened. It was at that time that the issue became a matter for scholarly research by historians of the two countries and then put on the agenda of political negotiations at the head-of-state level. This first happened during the official visit to Japan of the first Soviet President, Mikhail Gorbachev, in April 1991, and then this mission was taken over by the Government of the Russian Federation. However, there are still questions that absorb the attention of researchers and the public and that still need to be fully answered.

Sonda Sanjaya, Wistri Meisa, Hendityo Suryo Devanto

This study examined the morphology of shouryakugo on social media Twitter. This study aims to determine the type and process of shouryakugo formation on Twitter. The study data were taken from tweets that were trending with hashtag # 社会 between January and March 2019. A descriptive qualitative design was employed in this study. The data obtained were categorized and analyzed based on the formation process. The results of this study showed the types and processes of shouryakugo formation. The findings include four forms of zenbu shouryakukei, 32 forms of gobu shouryakukei, five forms of chuushouryaku kei, one form of zengo shouryaku kei, and 21 forms of kousei youso tanbun ketsugoukei. Meanwhile, in the process of forming shouryaku, the researcher found four words with the omission of parts or all of the first words, two words with the omission of parts or all of the second words, twenty-five words with the omission of syllables at the end of words, two words with the omission of syllables at the end of the first word and all second words, twenty-one words with the omission of syllables at the end of the first word and the second-word element, three words with the omission of all second words, five words with the omission of middle words, one word with the omission of the first syllable of the first word and the final syllable of the second word.

Harisal Harisal

The second-language learning process is often constrained by the influence of mother tongue or first language-Acquisition learners, which is called interference. Interference is principal language irrelevance in bilingual due to one or more language to be introduced or Speech Communication. Based on its phenomenon, students of State Polytechnic of Bali are considered passive interference learners, putting their mother tongue (Javanese and Balinese) elements and Indonesian Language in Japanese consciously or intuitively. This study aims to disclose the type of interference by the hospitality program students for those studying Japanese in State Polytechnic of Bali and explain its factors. The method used is Descriptive Qualitative, which is concerned with taking document field notes and literature Review to represent the real phenomenon of passive Interference types. The population in this study were all students in State Polytechnic of Bali in Japanese class. In contrast, the sample was taken from the results of purposive sampling based on their 100% attendance. There were about 65 first-year or second Semester students in Japanese Class and showed their Interferences. The study results showed that about 75 Passive Interference has commonly occurred in grammatical cases, such as phonetics, morphology, and syntax. Moreover, the occurrence factors of Passive Interference are distinctive Phonetic Features, The Language pattern differences between Mother Tongues (Local Languages) – Japanese, and lack of Japanese Language Proficiency skills and its dictions.

E. B. Sakharova

The purpose of this article is to research the continental prototypesfor Fujiwara-no Kamatari Biography (the main part of “Toshi Kaden”/“TheFujiwara House Biography”). Kamatari was the key political figure of his timeand one of the Japanese statehood fathers. Whereas the Chinese prototypes arewell investigated, we could not say so about the Korean ones. However, Kamatariis compared with both Chinese and Korean statesmen. It is for this reason, thatthe paper focuses on the analysis of the possible Korean prototypes.

Adam Gregus, Maren Haufs-Brusberg

Tagungsbericht

Mallika Tosha,

Making a grand breakthrough in the eighth century, Japanese poetry remains one of the earliest boons for the world of literature. Indian poets are some of the many writers who have been influenced by Japanese poetry. This article analyses haiku composed in the Hindi language. The analysis is based on a thematic and critical study of the works of selective haiku writers of the Hindi language. The benefits that Hindi haiku has created for Hindi literature is seen in how it adapts itself culturally, socially and philosophically which is elucidated here. The Hindi haiku poets, through restriction of syllables, gave rise to images that forced us to dwell upon their reflections. Those who deviated from its strict syllabic form also gave rise to innovative poetic compositions. This study explores the philosophical inclination, formative deviation and cultural variation of haiku as it travelled from Japanese culture to the Indian culture.

Ken'ichi Mishima

Rezension

Hannah Osborne

In ‘The Transgressive Figure of the Dancing-Girl-in-Pain and Kanai Mieko’s Corporeal Text’, Hannah Osborne analyzes the figure of the dancing-girl-in-pain in Kanai Mieko’s 1968 essay, ‘Nikutairon e jostesu dai’ippo’ (‘Towards a Theory of Corporeality’).  She advances that, through its discussion of this transgressive figure’s manifestation in both the folk stories of Hans Christian Andersen and the butō of Hijikata Tatsumi, Kanai’s essay articulates a radical understanding of both body and text whereby the body (and its consciousness) serves as a template for text, and the two are seen to intersect with each other across performance spaces.  As such the figure holds profound implications for a re-understanding of literature as a shared event akin to performance, and of the act of reading as an active re-writing (rather than a passive reception) of the text’s meaning.   For Osborne, the uniquely corporeal theory of Kanai Mieko encourages readers to actively engage with interpretive boundaries.  This is later made explicit in Kanai's 1984 essay, "Text/Reality/The Body," which echoes Barthes notion of the writerly text in advancing that "[t]ext itself has a body, and it is particularly text that relentlessly attempts to exceed its own body that is very corporeal in nature." Finally, looking at some of the strategies that Kanai herself deploys in her fiction, notably "Rotting Meat," we see how such a theory might explain how gendered systems which underpin the generation of meaning itself through literature might be overturned.

Fangming CHEN

Axel KLEIN

Hideo Tsutsumi

This article analyses and discusses what Japanese comical exchange called boke-tsukkomi is like and how it draws laughter. Conversation analysis and incongruity resolution are used as methods for the examination of the boke-tsukkomi examples. This paper will lend itself to further research on the dyadic exchange in the cross cultural context.

Roland DOMENIG

Roland DOMENIG