Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Michael S Christian, Adela S. Garza, J. Slaughter

Many researchers have concerns about work engagement's distinction from other constructs and its theoretical merit. The goals of this study were to identify an agreed-upon definition of engagement, to investigate its uniqueness, and to clarify its nomological network of constructs. Using a conceptual framework based on Macey and Schneider (2008; Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 3–30), we found that engagement exhibits discriminant validity from, and criterion related validity over, job attitudes. We also found that engagement is related to several key antecedents and consequences. Finally, we used meta-analytic path modeling to test the role of engagement as a mediator of the relation between distal antecedents and job performance, finding support for our conceptual framework. In sum, our results suggest that work engagement is a useful construct that deserves further attention.

D. Guest

J. Arthur

Mykhaylo Khalamandro

Relevance of the research is determined by the need for Ukrainian businesses to adapt to global shifts in the structure of production and logistics chains, which are undergoing significant transformation due to military aggression, growing geoeconomic competition, and the technological reorientation of global power centers. In the context of the West’s drive to diversify supply chains and build resilient partnerships - particularly through nearshoring and friendshoring mechanisms - there arises a need to assess the potential of Ukrainian entrepreneurs to integrate into the renewed architecture of supply networks. Deepening cooperation with the United States is seen as a key driver for the modernization of Ukraine’s industrial sector and the strengthening of transatlantic economic relations. The aim of the research is to examine the involvement of Ukrainian entrepreneurs in the transformation of global supply chains and to identify current directions of strategic cooperation with the United States, taking into account existing challenges and market prospects. Research methodology is based on the application of a systems approach, institutional analysis, comparative methods, and case studies of real economic cooperation between Ukrainian companies and international partners. Data have been synthesized from open-source analytical materials, government reports, and corporate strategies. Research results reflect the gradual adaptation of Ukrainian businesses to the requirements of new global logistics configurations, particularly through process digitalization, implementation of international standards (ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 27701), and the development of production clusters oriented toward Western markets. It has been revealed that cooperation with the U.S. is shifting from a traditional export model to partnership-based integration in key sectors such as critical infrastructure, IT, pharmaceuticals, and energy. Conclusions confirm the existence of considerable, though partially realized, potential for Ukrainian enterprises in the emerging supply chain system. It has been established that the realization of this potential requires systemic changes in infrastructure, institutional regulation, and international technical compliance. Prospects for further research involve an in-depth analysis of mechanisms for engaging small and medium-sized enterprises in transatlantic supply chains, as well as an assessment of the impact of regulatory changes in cybersecurity, export control, and certification on the dynamics of Ukrainian-American economic cooperation.

Tikhomirov N.V.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of students of the All-Union Communist Agricultural University named after Y.M. Sverdlov during industrial practice in agricultural organizations of the central Chernozem region at the final stage of the socialist restructuring of the village. The work is based on the data of reports prepared by students of the VKSU for the academic part of the university. The source base was made up of documents of the spring practice of 1936. The subject of the study was a complex of relations characterizing the daily life of employees of collective farms, state farms and MTS in the specified historical period. The relevance of the work is due to the low level of study of this range of issues, as well as the author’s appeal to documents that have not previously been involved in solving such problems. For the first time, materials that were not previously in demand in research on the problems of collectivization in the USSR, as well as collective farm everyday life during the second five-year plan, are being introduced into scientific circulation. The information potential of the source makes it possible to study the life of collective farm peasants in everyday, economic, and cultural dimensions. It is shown what role the young specialists played in establishing the work of artels and MTS in the regions of the Russian Black Earth region. The conclusions obtained are intended to expand the source base of scientific research on the problems of socialist transformation of the village in the 1930s, to clarify ideas about the specifics of the creation and functioning of collective farms. The results of the work done serve to deepen the scientific understanding of the processes associated with the restructuring of the village and the place in these processes of students of communist universities of the USSR.

Yusuf Can Çalışır

Nowadays, factors such as the ageing of the population and the prolongation of life expectancy make it mandatory to create effective social policies by considering the health and care needs of societies. This study evaluates research on long-term care insurance, which is an important determinant of social welfare, through bibliometric analysis, a quantitative research technique. On 25.08.2023, 1497 results were obtained by searching the concept of "long-term care insurance" in the Web of Science database. Because of the analysis, it was observed that the studies on long-term care insurance were distributed between 1984 and 2023. Among 112 different research fields, it was concluded that the most studies were conducted in the field of Gereontology (n=339). "Gerontologist" was the journal that published the highest number of studies (n=76) on long-term care. The National Centre for Geriatrics Gerontology published the most studies (n=103); Ichiro Tsuji is the author of the most studies with 53 publications. The report "2018 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures" is the most cited study. The study titled “Care-Needs Certification in Long-Term Care Insurance System of Japan”, carried out by Takako Tsutsui and Naoko Muramatsu (2005) independently of institutions, has the most citations. "Long-term care insurance" (n=332), "long-term care" (n=225) and "Japan" (n=104) are among the most frequently used keywords.

Eleni D. Rompoti, Alexis D. Ioannides

The aim of this article is to investigate two external flexible forms of employment—the leasing of workers through Temporary Work Agencies (TWAs) and the contracted workers employed through Business Service Providers (contractors). Undoubtedly, these two forms of employment are complex and often give rise to confusion. First, this article reviews the characteristics of these types of workers and the operation of these businesses. Second, it presents the results of a mixed method of empirical research (quantitative and qualitative) regarding contracted workers. Our sample was 365 contracted workers from the cities of Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras, Greece. In particular, quantitative research is conducted using a methodology called RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling) that is innovative in the field of labour economics and labour relations. Some significant findings of our qualitative research are used to improve, extend, and interpret the quantitative results. Our research proves that contracted workers, who are employed at the premises of the banks, are leased workers, and the contracting undertakings usually operate unlawfully as TWAs. Our research proves that Banks in Greece are using “pseudo-contracting” to circumvent the European Directive 2008/104/EC and the Greek Laws 4052/2012 and 4254/2014, both of which provide institutional protection to workers leased through TWAs. In more detail, the relevant European Directive and the Greek Law 4052/2012 provide salary equality and equal labour rights for the leased workers in Greece and the EU, when they share the same qualifications as the permanent employees of the user undertakings. The employers’ aim in adopting this policy is mainly to pay lower salaries to contracted workers, who in practice have the characteristics of leased workers.

Nenad M. Miloradović, Goran M. Vukadinović

Introduction/purpose: The first industrial revolution used the power of steam and water for the mechanization of manufacturing. The second one used electricity for mass production. The third one used electronics and information technologies for the automation of production, while the fourth industrial revolution aims to enable erasing of the boundaries between the physical, digital and biological spheres in order to reach smart automation and increase the interconnection of system elements. Thus, previous industrial revolutions changed the way we work, the next one is changing the way we think. Our generation is privileged of being a contemporary of tectonic technological changes, a witness to changes that fundamentally convert production processes and relations in production, but also a witness to the changes that those products bring to the functioning of the mankind, from individuals to state organizations, including the military as well. The main goal of this paper is to indicate to the wider military academic community the need for coordination and interdependent development of combat systems, doctrine and structure of defence organizations. Methods: This paper will use general scientific methods that are used, or can be used, to acquire scientific knowledge in all scientific fields and disciplines. We highlight the hypothetical-deductive method, the analyticaldeductive method and the comparative method. Results: (Increased) Equipping with weapons and military equipment generated from the current technological revolution requires radical changes in the defence area, both in the combat component, i.e. changes of basic combat units that should optimally use these weapons (their doctrines, tactics, organization, training, etc.) as well as the administrative-bureaucratic component of the national defence system that deals with the procedures of weapons development, production and procurement, which should follow the fastest pace of innovation ever in the commercial industry area. Conclusion: The authors would like to point out the interdependence between the emerging challenges of the 4IR and the directions of transformation of modern armed forces.

Man Zhang, Xueshang Feng, Liping Yang et al.

With the development of our industrial society, the reconstruction of solar wind parameters in the inner heliosphere becomes very important to understanding the interplanetary propagation of various types of space weather disturbance. However, the situ observations of solar wind parameters are only applicable to several points where spacecraft are located. Therefore, we have to rely on the numerical technologies to reconstruct the solar wind parameters. The scheme for the reconstruction of solar wind parameters can be classified into two categories: one is based on the remote-sensing data at the Sun, and the other is based on the in situ data at 1 au. In this paper, the solar wind parameters in the inner heliosphere are reconstructed with magnetohydrodynamic simulations from 20 R _s to 1 au. The inner boundary conditions are constrained by Wind observations at 1 au. The modeled results are compared with data from multispacecraft observations, such as those by Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory A and B. The results show that the solar wind parameters obtained with this new scheme agree with the in situ observations much better, which will provide a more realistic configuration for the study of various types of space weather disturbance in future.

Y. V. Mishchenko

The article analyzes the current state of economic relations between Japan and the countries of Southeast Asia - trade as the basic and most traditional form of economic cooperation, mutual investment, official development assistance. The changes that occurred in this area in the period from the turn of the 21st century to the present time are considered. The latest statistical data - the basis of the assessment of the current state of economic relations between Japan and Southeast Asian countries - is given. The analysis made it possible to conclude that Japan in the early 21st century was more turned in the field of foreign trade to the United States, the major economies of North-East Asia, rather than to the countries of South-East Asia, but at the same time, they have a certain, noticeable niche in trade with Japan. Based on the calculations carried out, the key partners of Japan in each of the three main areas of economic cooperation - trade, mutual investment, official development assistance - are identified from among the countries of South-East Asia. It was revealed that the main foreign trade partners of Japan among Southeast Asian countries are Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia - that is, economically more developed countries. ASEAN countries retain in the 21st century the position of significant suppliers of mineral fuel, raw materials, food, seafood to Japan. Japan, in turn, exports to Southeast Asia industrial goods, primarily engineering products. It is shown that since the middle of 2000-s the volume of FDI from Japan in the most developed countries of Southeast Asia has significantly increased. Japan’s much more modest trade and investment ties with the less developed Southeast Asian countries (Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia) are balanced by official development assistance (ODA). The analysis of the most relevant and effective in the 21st century formats of multilateral cooperation of Japan and Southeast Asian countries is also conducted.

Olena Khrystoforova

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the formation and development of sustainable economic development of enterprises in the oil and gas industry with the help of an effective management system. It is this that determines the relevance and demand for research on the definition of tools and organizational and economic conditions that provide an optimal model of managing corporate relations in order to achieve the economic sustainability of the entire oil and gas complex as a whole. In the current conditions, there is an urgent need for qualified managers for the oil and gas industry. This issue becomes especially relevant in connection with the high importance of the oil and gas industry for the economy of Ukraine during the war. The article also proposes a complex system for managing the economic potential of oil companies, which includes a complex of organizational and management measures in the segments of oil production, oil refining, in the corporate management system, related to the functional and administrative re-subordination of the internal control and audit service, which helps to guarantee compliance with the interests of all participants in corporate governance and ensures the transition from a commodity-based to an industrial economy. The purpose of the article is to find ways of forming a modern personnel management system in companies of the oil and gas sector, which can have a positive impact on the development of the oil and gas industry in the long term. The issues covered in the article become particularly relevant in connection with the high importance of the oil and gas industry for the country's economy during the war, and their solution can help speed up the overcoming of crisis phenomena in the country's economy caused by the impact of the war. The obtained research results can be used in the work of oil and gas industry enterprises during the development of scenarios for the future development of the oil and gas industry, as well as in the process of adapting the personnel management system to the national characteristics of modern Ukraine.

Serge Michel Garcia, Jake Rice, Jake Rice et al.

The ‘Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measure’ (OECM) concept was first introduced in 2010, by the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP) in the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity conservation 2011–2020. The concept acknowledged that a range of spatial measures other than protected areas were appropriate for reaching Aichi Target 11 spatial conservation coverage. The OECM definition was adopted in 2018 in CBD COP Decision 14/8, which calls on States to mainstream OECMs into economic sectors, to recognize the current biodiversity conservation benefits and co-benefits from their area-based management measures and enhance them as much as possible. In the marine capture fisheries sector, the identification of OECMs is a work in progress and the issues addressed in this paper are key implementation issues that States and fisheries authorities are or will be encountering regarding their governance, management, and biodiversity outcomes. The purpose of the paper is to draw attention to some key OECM implementation issues arising in marine capture fisheries and to suggest possible approaches to address them. The governance issues addressed relate to enabling frameworks, industrial fisheries, legitimate authorities, long-term commitments, cross-sectoral coordination and planning, and contribution to the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework of the CBD. The management issues considered relate to effectiveness in achieving expected outcomes, costs and benefits of OECMs, spatial relations between OECMs and fisheries, and the role of OECMs in the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF). Regarding the significant positive biodiversity outcomes expected from OECMs, issues relate to the type of outcomes expected, their current or intended nature, the level of evidence required, and their relationship to area-based conservation standards.

Hande Aksöz Yılmaz

This study investigates the effect of immigration and foreign direct investment on trade within the framework of factor mobility. Hence, we used annual data, spanning the period of 2000–2018, and immigration flows to Turkey’s major trade partners (Germany, France, Italy, UK, and the United States). The inward foreign direct investment flows to Turkey from these countries. However, exchange rates, foreign employment, globalization index, and political stability index variables affect trade. The findings show that migration flows from Turkey to five countries and have more impact on trade, compared to inward foreign direct investment to Turkey overthe period of 2000–2018. Furthermore, when the fundamental assumptions of traditional foreign trade theories are ignored, parallel results are obtained, indicating that factor movements and trade are complementary.

Rick Hölsgens, Cornelius Schubert

Users have no doubt become popular in innovation research. They are not considered a passive mass of adopters but as a more or less active agency in innovation processes. Diffusion research has, for instance, distinguished between several adopter categories: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. These categories can be mapped on the diffusion s-curve and indicate a temporal order along which innovations may be analysed. However, early or late adopters were still seen primarily as adopters. Concepts such as “reinvention” or “domestication” then put more emphasis on the ways in which an innovation may be changed within the adoption process. In these cases, innovations came from elsewhere (i.e., manufacturers), but the users were credited with more creative potential than simply adopting novelties. The turn towards user-driven innovations decidedly shifted the creative potential towards (specific) user groups, transgressing the traditional distinction between producers and consumers. The involvement of users in innovation processes has been addressed under different labels, for instance, user innovation, open innovation, or participatory design and from different fields such as management and innovation research, science and technology studies, or social innovation studies. The main gist of these approaches lies in reclaiming hitherto neglected aspects, perspectives, or sources of innovations, thus arguing against a top-down producer-centred models of innovation by emphasising bottom-up user-centred modes of innovation. They reconfigure ideas about pushes and pulls, about the constellations and locales in which invention and diffusion occur, and about the transformations of innovations as they emerge and evolve over time and space. This thematic issue of NOvation seeks to shed light on this increasing popularity of “the user” in innovation studies. We gather here contributions from diverse backgrounds that critically focus on the role of users in innovation studies, from empowerment and emancipation to valorisation and exploitation. We especially addressed the questions of why users have become popular both empirically and conceptually across a range of fields and spanning from academia to politics and civil society. How does user-centred innovation relate to more traditional models of producer-centred innovation? Which role do critical users play in innovation research? Are there specific fields in which users are seen to be more active than in others? Especially, who is considered to be a user or customer?

A. V. Kustov, A. M. Chikmariоva

Trust is a universal socio-psychological process that participates in the formation of a wide range of personality relations to the values ​​of the surrounding world. Facts of the historical events, the biographies of famous personalities, political and ideological concepts and systems are put through the “filter of trust”. At the microsocial level, trust is expressed in the individual's faith in the reliability of family-marital, child-parenting, friendship, love, industrial, professional, and other relationships. The value of social relations, their recognition and acceptance, or denial and leveling will depend on the degree of trust in the partner, the team, the proposed concepts, the public or state institution. In this regard, trust can be considered a barometer and trigger (trigger) of interpersonal relations. This topic has a deep universal significance in connection with the total multi-level crisis of the confidence in our time. Naturally, it concerns the relations of patients and their relatives to the doctors, the organization of care for patients, and medicine in general. The purpose of the research is to study the structure of qualities of a doctor, which inspire confidence in the real and potential patients depending on their age and the interaction of such psychological characteristics as reflection, alexithymia and empathy. The studied literature showed that the research of the interaction of these qualities to solve the goal by other authors was not considered. Psychological tests were used to accomplish the goal and realization of the tasks: Toronto alexithimic scale, a method for determining the general reflection index by A. V. Karpov, a methodology for studying the indicators of empathy by I. M. Yusupov, test of the trust to doctor by A. V. Kustov. From the methods of statistical processing of the obtained results, the traditional methods were used to reveal the significance of differences between the compared groups, the correlation analysis between individual personality qualities and properties. Respondents of different ages took part in the study, since it was assumed that age is one of the conditions for building trust to a doctor. The respondents represented three standard age groups, each of which consisted of 40 people. In the group of youngsters, the average age was 20.7, in people of mature age – 42.3, in the elderly – 60.5 years. The study showed that the mechanisms of reflection and alexithymia from the standpoint of the continuum principle should be considered as “two sides of the same coin”. This means that the higher the level of reflection, the weaker the complex of alexithymia, and vice versa. It is found that reflection is a developing state. It is noted that the preference of certain qualities of the doctor depends on the age of the patients, on their ability to reflection and the level of alexithymia. Individuals with a high level of reflection appreciate the qualities of a doctor that are inherent in this group of respondents (the propensity for active dialogue with oneself, the ability to control one’s thoughts, feelings, the ability to control one’s own behavior, etc.). The work is presented on 17 pages, it includes 6 figures and tables and it also includes 24 publications on the topic under study.

Olim T. Astanakulov, Natalia V. Kuchkovskaya, Patimat S. Bataeva et al.

One of the most important demonstrations of the modern economy is the growing importance of innovation. The innovative process, or the process of technological change is a complex concept encompassing the improvement of products, production processes, raw materials as well as management methods. Therefore, the central  aim of the research is to analyse the innovative processes that contribute to the development of the state economy. To accomplish the objectives, we carried out the calculations to examine the relations between the cost indicators, modelling, correlation and regression analyses. The particularities of business processes in innovative activities of organisations leads to uneven distribution, specific cost structure in the crisis and the traditional situation of an insignificant share of innovation in the financing process. The study presents mathematic model of innovation activities of an enterprise, based on economic indicators of current operations. The object of the research are industrial enterprises. Since an important segment of business processes in innovation is small innovative companies, our task is to develop a methodology for forecasting the number that would be suitable for them. From the findings of our research, we concluded that the models that had been previously developed were more effective at the micro level. Based on the analysis of the distribution of costs between technological, marketing, organisational innovations by types of innovation and economic activities by building an adequate set of statistical models, we have identified the following particularities: the basic internal (directly dependent) and external (indirectly affecting) factors that affect the selected performance characteristics.

Barbara E. Bechter, B. Brandl, G. Meardi

Azza Osman

The environmental architecture has been appeared in the ancient civilizations in an aspect that man tried to adapt and live with his environment. The aspects of such adaptation could be vary when used the available materials in the local environment in construction, then through their using ways and ended with the followed styles to treat the environmental elements and their determinants such as rains, heat, sunlight and others. In Egypt, we find that the man of the ancient Egyptian civilizations has used the local materials like bricks, papyrus and wood in his relevant architectural systems such as the workmen houses, where they have used the natural stones and sculptured in the mountains their holy architectural systems like temples. The said trend was the prevalent one through eras and times, that man never neglected his environment, but he tried by every way to be adapted with its elements… till the industrial revolution has appeared, and the Egyptian architects got impression with the movement of post-modernity. Some attempts could appear to express about the movement's thought and philosophy, trying to realize its artistic features. Architecture and the architectural development in Egypt is a yield of past civilizations' experience, currently calls (post-modernity architecture). The architecture in Egypt is varying with its sources and schools according to the different civilizations that passed in Egypt, also it exposes to the direct sunrays, wind and sometimes to the strong dust. So, we must select the building and coating materials that are using in the architecture and murals particularly the relevant elements with the exterior façades. Such materials must be selected carefully, that if the glass and its derivatives consider an important element in the architecture, it must pay attention to treat it, as it must be made of the same materials of the Egyptian environment to fit with Egypt's climate. That, the glass can be double, thermally reinforces (securite or triplex) to bear the shocks and temperature changing, as it can be also colored and reflective till the heat losses a big portion before entering the building. It must also use the ceramics glass and the glassy tiles to coat the mural and architectural façades because they have features and properties fit with the coastal, desert and agricultural Egyptian architecture for the durability against salts, acids and frictions as well as their multi-colors and the variety f their touches according to the required designing aesthetical values, and also their ability of heat and sound isolation inside the building and the easy cleaning. That, to search in the objective resources of the artistic creativity – in the objective specifications of the creative work- we won't find no bigger, stable, and no more general or no more effect on man than the nature with its different silent, core aspects, the botanic and animal life. We found such resource could continue for fifteen billion years, the nature has appeared clear in its beauty and ugliness, in its goodness and badness, in its colors and touches, in its shapes and spaces, in its meanings and expressions. The natural environment is one of the most important and principal sources to obtain the artistic and designing thoughts in the different arts fields. The artistic and innovative work doesn't easy come, but it affects and reacting with the surrounded natural, religious, social, cultural and political environment and others. It is easy to us to extrapolate the tributary and mechanisms of the natural creativity and its antithesis that in the touches and shapes of the mountains, hills, desert, valleys, the current water, falls, animals, birds and fish. Such natural formations have composed and continued through millions years, as millions of human beings could enjoy with them, and the habitants were grown-up in their childhood and played in its space. The said formations could stay in their emotions, memories, their conscious and unconscious minds, as its principals became a pattern trying to simulate it, and judging through it on their artistic, industrial or architectural creativity to others. Research Problem: Confirm the benefit from the tributary and mechanisms of the natural creativity in designing the glass architectural façades in Egypt through developing the creativity and contemplative ability of the designers for their vision and analysis of the natural building systems and using them to design the glass architecture.   Research Goal: Try to reach an elicitation for the aesthetical and formative artistic relations in designing the architectural façades by using the technological progress in the glass to be fit with the Egyptian environment through studying the natural building systems and using them in the designing processes of the glass in the architecture to be fir and proper with the surrounded environment. Research Steps: Obtaining the artistic and technological information about the glass architectural façades and how to use them in designing the modern architectural façades. Obtaining designing results of a designing contemporary architecture can be applied in Egypt inspired from the tributary and mechanisms of the natural creativity.

Tetyana Bodnarchuk, Volodymyr Lysak

In the article the main trends and patterns of the development of international trade in services in the period of post-industrial development of the world economy are considered. Ukraine’s competitive positions on international service market are outlined. The main endogenous factors of enhancing the country’s integration to the world trade relations system in service sector are determined.

P. Ackers

Radical pluralism, the mainstream perspective for British and European industrial relations, centres on a Marxian, sociological conception of the employment relationship, which structures explanations of power and conflict. This theoretical critique stresses the historical specificity of the experience of work and the explanatory limitations of the employment relationship. The intellectual history of radical pluralism is traced from Fox ((1974), Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations, London: Faber) to Edwards ((1995, 2003), ‘The Employment Relationship,’ in Industrial Relations, ed. P. Edwards, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 1–36) and Blyton and Turnbull ((1994, 1998, 2004), The Dynamics of Employee Relations, Basingstoke: Macmillan). Five objections to the radical-pluralist employment relationship are outlined and an alternative, neo-pluralist sociological and historical perspective is sketched.