Hasil untuk "Hydraulic engineering"

Bin Chen, B. Barboza, Yanan Sun et al.

Along with horizontal drilling techniques, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has improved shale gas production significantly in past decades. In order to understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing and improve treatment designs, it is critical to conduct modelling to predict stimulated fractures. In this paper, related physical processes in hydraulic fracturing are firstly discussed and their effects on hydraulic fracturing processes are analysed. Then historical and state of the art numerical models for hydraulic fracturing are reviewed, to highlight the pros and cons of different numerical methods. Next, commercially available software for hydraulic fracturing design are discussed and key features are summarised. Finally, we draw conclusions from the previous discussions in relation to physics, method and applications and provide recommendations for further research.

Karina Kohl, Luigi Carro

Software Engineering (SE) faces simultaneous pressure from AI automation (reducing code production costs) and hardware-energy constraints (amplifying failure costs). We position that SE must redefine itself around human discernment-intent articulation, architectural control, and verification-rather than code construction. This shift introduces accountability collapse as a central risk and requires fundamental changes to research priorities, educational curricula, and industrial practices. We argue that Software Engineering, as traditionally defined around code construction and process management, is no longer sufficient. Instead, the discipline must be redefined around intent articulation, architectural control, and systematic verification. This redefinition shifts Software Engineering from a production-oriented field to one centered on human judgment under automation, with profound implications for research, practice, and education.

Yantao Zhu, Hong Tang

Large-volume hydraulic concrete structures, such as concrete dams, often suffer from damage due to the influence of alternating loads and material aging during the service process. The occurrence and further expansion of cracks will affect the integrity, impermeability, and durability of the dam concrete. Therefore, monitoring the changing status of cracks in hydraulic concrete structures is very important for the health service of hydraulic engineering. This study combines computer vision and artificial intelligence methods to propose an automatic damage detection and diagnosis method for hydraulic structures. Specifically, to improve the crack feature extraction effect, the Xception backbone network, which has fewer parameters than the ResNet backbone network, is adopted. With the aim of addressing the problem of premature loss of image detail information and small target information of tiny cracks in hydraulic concrete structures, an adaptive attention mechanism image semantic segmentation algorithm based on Deeplab V3+ network architecture is proposed. Crack images collected from concrete structures of different types of hydraulic structures were used to develop crack datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method can realize high-precision crack identification, and the identification results have been obtained in the test set, achieving 90.537% Intersection over Union (IOU), 91.227% Precision, 91.301% Recall, and 91.264% F1_score. In addition, the proposed method has been verified on different types of cracks in actual hydraulic concrete structures, further illustrating the effectiveness of the method.

SUN Xuechao, ZHANG Youyuan, ZHU Jinxiang et al.

Broken wire electromagnetic detection technology for prestressed concrete cylinder pipes (PCCPs) is an important technical means to maintain the safety of PCCP engineering. Although electromagnetic detection technology has a high detection accuracy rate and wide application, it still faces the problems of complicated data processing and high labor time, which limits its large-scale application in actual engineering. In order to solve the problems of low identification efficiency and high labor cost of traditional broken wire detection equipment for PCCPs, a broken wire detection system based on raspberry pi and deep learning was proposed. The raspberry pi was used as the core of the main control system to collect data, and then the long short-term memory (LSTM) network model trained in advance on the PC platform was imported. The powerful feature extraction capability of the LSTM model was used to process the collected data, and the broken wire detection results were given in real time, successfully overcoming the limitations of traditional methods and realizing efficient and accurate identification of broken wires. The test results show that the detection accuracy of the system on the test set data reaches 80%, which provides a feasible solution for the engineering application of broken wire detection for PCCPs.

Jesús Gracia-Sánchez, Oscar Arturo Fuentes-Mariles, Judith Ramos

En algunos canales revestidos con pendientes altas es muy común que ocurran fuertes socavaciones y erosión, así como desbordes, por lo que se requiere una regulación de las velocidades del flujo de agua. Una opción para lograrlo es aumentar significativamente la rugosidad del fondo mediante la instalación de estructuras hidráulicas rápidas. Sin embargo, en fluidos con sedimentos, el cambio de velocidad genera la deposición de sólidos, los cuales podrían consolidarse, cambiando el diseño geométrico de estas estructuras. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar el grado de confianza esperado cuando se producen modificaciones en las geometrías de rugosidad artificial en el fondo del canal con flujo turbulento y densidad de fluido. Esta modificación modifica barras transversales en rampas con base en un análisis matemático experimental. El estudio permite concluir que la rugosidad del fondo generada provoca flujos de agua más estables y es una forma de reducir las velocidades de flujo.

Shahab Hosseini, Abiodun Ismail Lawal, Francois Mulenga

Blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV) is one of the detrimental environmental consequences of blasting operations in mining and civil engineering. Hence, accurate prediction of BIGV is highly imperative. Therefore, different novel artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as Bayesian regularized neural network (BRNN), Bayesian regularized causality-weighted neural network (BRCWNN) and Z-number-based Bayesian regularized causality-weighted neural network (Z-BRCWNN) are proposed in this study for the reliable prediction of BIGV in a dolomitic marble quarry using the obtained field data. The outcome of the proposed models is subjected to rigorous statistical analyses. The outcome of analyses revealed that the Z-BRCWNN model outperformed the other models with 70%, 82% and 82% threshold statistic values evaluated at the 5%, 10% and 15% confidence levels for the testing phase and 63%, 91% and 91% threshold values for the validation phase evaluated at the same levels as above. The sensitivity analysis conducted revealed that the distance from the measuring point to the blasting point (DI) has the highest influence on BIGV.

Tim Wittenborg, Ildar Baimuratov, Ludvig Knöös Franzén et al.

The aerospace industry operates at the frontier of technological innovation while maintaining high standards regarding safety and reliability. In this environment, with an enormous potential for re-use and adaptation of existing solutions and methods, Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) has been applied for decades. The objective of this study is to identify and examine state-of-the-art knowledge management practices in the field of aerospace engineering. Our contributions include: 1) A SWARM-SLR of over 1,000 articles with qualitative analysis of 164 selected articles, supported by two aerospace engineering domain expert surveys. 2) A knowledge graph of over 700 knowledge-based aerospace engineering processes, software, and data, formalized in the interoperable Web Ontology Language (OWL) and mapped to Wikidata entries where possible. The knowledge graph is represented on the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), and an aerospace Wikibase, for reuse and continuation of structuring aerospace engineering knowledge exchange. 3) Our resulting intermediate and final artifacts of the knowledge synthesis, available as a Zenodo dataset. This review sets a precedent for structured, semantic-based approaches to managing aerospace engineering knowledge. By advancing these principles, research, and industry can achieve more efficient design processes, enhanced collaboration, and a stronger commitment to sustainable aviation.

Nasir U. Eisty, Jeffrey C. Carver, Johanna Cohoon et al.

In the evolving landscape of scientific and scholarly research, effective collaboration between Research Software Engineers (RSEs) and Software Engineering Researchers (SERs) is pivotal for advancing innovation and ensuring the integrity of computational methodologies. This paper presents ten strategic guidelines aimed at fostering productive partnerships between these two distinct yet complementary communities. The guidelines emphasize the importance of recognizing and respecting the cultural and operational differences between RSEs and SERs, proactively initiating and nurturing collaborations, and engaging within each other's professional environments. They advocate for identifying shared challenges, maintaining openness to emerging problems, ensuring mutual benefits, and serving as advocates for one another. Additionally, the guidelines highlight the necessity of vigilance in monitoring collaboration dynamics, securing institutional support, and defining clear, shared objectives. By adhering to these principles, RSEs and SERs can build synergistic relationships that enhance the quality and impact of research outcomes.

Oz Levy, Ilya Dikman, Natan Levy et al.

This paper explores how generative AI can help automate and improve key steps in systems engineering. It examines AI's ability to analyze system requirements based on INCOSE's "good requirement" criteria, identifying well-formed and poorly written requirements. The AI does not just classify requirements but also explains why some do not meet the standards. By comparing AI assessments with those of experienced engineers, the study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of AI in identifying quality issues. Additionally, it explores AI's ability to classify functional and non-functional requirements and generate test specifications based on these classifications. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research aims to assess AI's potential to streamline engineering processes and improve learning outcomes. It also highlights the challenges and limitations of AI, ensuring its safe and ethical use in professional and academic settings.

Lekshmi Murali Rani

The study of behavioral and social dimensions of software engineering (SE) tasks characterizes behavioral software engineering (BSE);however, the increasing significance of human-AI collaboration (HAIC) brings new directions in BSE by presenting new challenges and opportunities. This PhD research focuses on decision-making (DM) for SE tasks and collaboration within human-AI teams, aiming to promote responsible software engineering through a cognitive partnership between humans and AI. The goal of the research is to identify the challenges and nuances in HAIC from a cognitive perspective, design and optimize collaboration/partnership (human-AI team) that enhance collective intelligence and promote better, responsible DM in SE through human-centered approaches. The research addresses HAIC and its impact on individual, team, and organizational level aspects of BSE.

Max Neuwinger, Dirk Riehle

The design of effective programming languages, libraries, frameworks, tools, and platforms for data engineering strongly depends on their ease and correctness of use. Anyone who ignores that it is humans who use these tools risks building tools that are useless, or worse, harmful. To ensure our data engineering tools are based on solid foundations, we performed a systematic review of common programming mistakes in data engineering. We focus on programming beginners (students) by analyzing both the limited literature specific to data engineering mistakes and general programming mistakes in languages commonly used in data engineering (Python, SQL, Java). Through analysis of 21 publications spanning from 2003 to 2024, we synthesized these complementary sources into a comprehensive classification that captures both general programming challenges and domain-specific data engineering mistakes. This classification provides an empirical foundation for future tool development and educational strategies. We believe our systematic categorization will help researchers, practitioners, and educators better understand and address the challenges faced by novice data engineers.

Linyuan Han, Xiaoping Zhou

Zhiwei Cui, Peng Li, Tian Wang et al.

The Loess Plateau in China has the highest soil erosion and water loss rates in the world. Therefore, check dams, which are more useful engineering measures, have been established to improve soil and water conservation in small watershed. To determine check dam configuration pattern influence on runoff, sediment yield, erosion and deposition pattern in watershed, we conducted a rainfall simulation experiment using the qiao gully small watershed as our normal-scale model. We analysed the runoff and sediment yield characteristics and deposition patterns under four types of check dam configurations: no dams constructed, dam in first order stream channel, dam in second order stream channel, and dams in both channels. Our findings revealed that the runoff and sediment concentrations increased with time, regardless of check dam configuration. The significant effects of check dams on the evolution of storm runoff processes in a small watershed. Compared to no dams, double dams best inhibited runoff reduction and lowered sediment deposition, while construction of one dam in the primary channel was more effective than one dam in the secondary channel. In summary, check dam construction reduced channel erosion, rill erosion, and bank slope collapse at the channel head, while raising the dam-controlled watershed base level. Our findings provide a reference for designing check dams in optimal configurations on plateaus such as the Loess Plateau. The results of this study are of great practical significance in revealing the process of storm runoff and identifying key parts of soil erosion–deposition in the watershed.

Daniel Francisco Campos-Aranda

En el centro y sur de la república mexicana cada año los huracanes del mar Caribe y del océano Pacífico originan crecientes que definen una estación húmeda, y que en general aumentan en magnitud y peligrosidad conforme transcurre la temporada de ciclones. Ambas condiciones permiten el análisis de frecuencias bivariado de sus fechas de ocurrencia y sus gastos máximos (Qm). En este estudio, la distribución conjunta se formó con base en la función Cópula de Gumbel-Hougaard, que satisface la condición de dependencia () observada y que combina como distribuciones marginales la de von Mises para las fechas de ocurrencia en el año y para los Qm una función probabilística idónea. La teoría expuesta se aplica a las crecientes anuales registradas en la estación de aforos Guamúchil de la Región Hidrológica No. 10 (Sinaloa), México, en el periodo de 1940 a 1971. La distribución de von Mises se ajusta vía optimización numérica con el algoritmo de Rosenbrock y la distribución idónea de los Qm fue la Kappa. Se formó la gráfica de periodos de retorno conjuntos de tipo AND de 50, 100 y 500 años. Además, se estimaron periodos de retorno conjuntos condicionales de fechas de ocurrencia, dado que el Qm tiene los periodos de retorno citados. Lo anterior permite estimaciones de la probabilidad de excedencia del Qm en lapsos definidos. Las conclusiones destacan la simplicidad de estos análisis de frecuencias bivariados por medio de las funciones Cópula y la importancia práctica de sus predicciones, según las fechas de ocurrencia.

XIONG Dongdong, YANG Zhao, XU Chao

Objective To address the challenges associated with the manual layout and point selection of S+T (standard rings+turning rings (double-sided wedges)) in shield tunnel segments, including high subjectivity, complex calculations, and heavy repetitive workload, a research is carried out focusing on algorithm development to resolve practical engineering issues. Method An automatic layout, assembly selection, prediction algorithm and software are developed for S+T in tunnel segments. Referring to mature construction experience, segment layout plan is calculated based on tunnel alignment and segment turning angles, and segment layout calculation automation is achieved. The calculation and decision-making methods of S+T segment types are proposed with comprehensive consideration of tunnel alignment, shield tail clearance, hydraulic cylinder stroke, and shield machine trends, enabling the automatic selection and assembly of segment points. Furthermore, by establishing a relationship between shield posture changes and variations in shield tail clearance and cylinder stroke, the algorithm can predict the S+T assembly points and segment types for the two future rings. Result & Conclusion The research results are successfully applied to Guangzhou Metro Line 12, significantly improving the efficiency of on-site S+T layout and selection, reducing labor costs, and optimizing the shield tunnel construction process.

Xuefeng Li, Zhigang Ma

Abstract The stress paths of the cylindrical specimen in the p–q stress space by controlling the ratio of the axial and the radial loading is guaranteed to be consistent with the cuboid specimen, a novel method for imitating true-triaxial stress path by conventional triaxial apparatus was presented. Under the condition that p and q were variables and b was constant, the true-triaxial stress paths were realized by conventional triaxial apparatus strictly and easily. Under the condition that b and p were invariants, the b was used to control the ratio of axial and radial loading to ensure p constant, the method can be used to measure the strength on the π plane. If the tests were conducted at the different p with the same b, the critical state line of different b could be obtained. Under the condition that p and q were constant, the proposed method of nonlinear loading with b as a parameter could be used to design the various stress paths of true-triaxial under the condition of deviatoric stress consolidation, and which could be used to determine the deformation and the plastic flow of soil in 3D space. The proposed method could be used to achieve the equivalent stress path in the p–q stress space to obtain the 3D mechanical properties, and the stress path controlled by stress, strain, and a hybrid of stress and strain. Once the software of conventional triaxial apparatus was developed by the novel method, the measuring range of stress paths could be expanded greatly.

Hailu Gisha Kuma, Ermias Mekonnen Chinasho, Abrham Asha Tolke

Soil erosion and sediment buildup are the factors that speed up the decline in capacity and function of reservoirs, agricultural products, and water resources. In order to simulate sediment and runoff and map high sediment-yielding sub-basins in the Gibe Gojeb catchment in southwest Ethiopia, this study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Using data on sediment and river flow, calibration and validation were carried out. Between 2003 and 2016, the catchment produced an average annual sediment loading of 62.5 tons ha−1 yr−1, with loading fluctuations ranging from 0.2 to 108.4 tons ha−1 yr−1. The acceptable sediment yield threshold value ranges from 12.3 to 108.4 tons ha−1 yr−1 for 56 sub-basins, and from 0.2 to 10 tons ha−1 yr−1 for 5 sub-basins. The most significant sub-basins with very high to extremely severe sediment yields were sub-basins 1 to 30, 32 to 44, 47, 48, 50, 51, and 53 to 61. After thirteen years of operation, the yearly amount of 58,802 tons of sediment transferred from the catchment and deposited into Gibe One reservoir has decreased the capacity by 5.7 %. The accumulation of sediment in a reservoir has an impact on its functionality, power production, and capacity, affecting the safety of dams and the environment. The study's findings enhanced our comprehension of sediment accumulation in reservoirs and furnished us with the necessary information regarding reservoir safety, integrated soil, and water management.

Adrian Bajraktari, Michelle Binder, Andreas Vogelsang

Modern science is relying on software more than ever. The behavior and outcomes of this software shape the scientific and public discourse on important topics like climate change, economic growth, or the spread of infections. Most researchers creating software for scientific purposes are not trained in Software Engineering. As a consequence, research software is often developed ad hoc without following stringent processes. With this paper, we want to characterize research software as a new application domain that needs attention from the Requirements Engineering community. We conducted an exploratory study based on 8 interviews with 12 researchers who develop software. We describe how researchers elicit, document, and analyze requirements for research software and what processes they follow. From this, we derive specific challenges and describe a vision of Requirements Engineering for research software.

Yuhan Wei, Chunning Ji, Dekui Yuan et al.

A harbor seal’s whisker is able to sense the trailing vortices of marine organisms due to its unique three-dimensional wavy shape, which suppresses the vibrations caused by its own vortex-shedding, while exciting large-amplitude and synchronized vibrations in a wake flow. This provides insight into the development of whisker-inspired sensors, which have broad applications in the fields of ocean exploration and marine surveys. However, the harbor seal’s whisker may lose its vibration suppression ability when the angle of attack (AoA) of the incoming flow is large. In order to explore the flow-induced vibration (FIV) features of a harbor seal’s whisker at various angles of attack (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>90</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>), this study experimentally investigates the effect of AoA on the vibration response of a whisker model in a wide range of reduced velocities (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 3–32.2) and the Reynolds number, Re = 400–7000, in a circulating water flume. Meanwhile, for the sake of comparison, the FIV response of an elliptical cylinder with the same equivalent diameters is also presented. The results indicate that an increase in AoA enhances the vibration amplitude and expands the lock-in range for both the whisker model and the elliptical cylinder. The whisker model effectively suppresses vibration responses at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> due to its unique three-dimensional wavy shape. However, when <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>≥</mo><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the wavy surface structure gradually loses its suppression ability, resulting in large-amplitude vibration responses similar to those of the elliptical cylinder. For <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 30<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 45<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the vibration responses of the whisker model and the elliptical cylinder undergo three vibration regimes, i.e., vortex-induced vibration, transition response, and turbulent-induced vibration, with the increasing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. However, at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 60<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 90<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the vortex-shedding gradually controls the FIV response, and only the vortex-induced vibration is observed.

Jan Heine, Herbert Palm

The increasing pressure within VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) driven environments causes traditional, plan-driven Systems Engineering approaches to no longer suffice. Agility is then changing from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have" capability for successful system developing organisations. The current state of the art, however, does not provide clear answers on how to map this need in terms of processes, methods, tools and competencies (PMTC) and how to successfully manage the transition within established industries. In this paper, we propose an agile Systems Engineering (SE) Framework for the automotive industry to meet the new agility demand. In addition to the methodological background, we present results of a pilot project in the chassis development department of a German automotive manufacturer and demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed framework. By adopting the described agile SE Framework, companies can foster innovation and collaboration based on a learning, continuous improvement and self-reinforcing base.