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S2 Open Access 2024
How working from home reshapes cities

Arjun Ramani, Joel Alecdo, Nicholas Bloom

Significance The future of cities is a topic of broad interest to businesspeople making decisions around office space, policymakers planning zoning codes and public transportation networks, and academics interested in questions of spatial organization across a wide range of fields including economics, urban planning, environmental studies, and sociology. Our data provide evidence as to how a huge structural shift to work—remote working—may have permanently changed the shape of many major global cities and is therefore of value to these groups.

35 sitasi en Medicine
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Ethnomedicine Study on Medicinal Plants in Nanggulan District, Kulon Progo Regency

Kintoko Kintoko, Ginanjar Zukhruf Saputri, Putri Rachma Novitasari et al.

Despite the advancements in conventional medicine, medicinal plants continue to play an important role in treating different human ailments, particularly in developing nations. This is based on locals' knowledge of medicinal plants for treating various ailments. Ethnomedicine is a branch of research investigating society's local wisdom for maintaining its health. According to diverse field studies, 40 different varieties of plants have been discovered that the native inhabitants of Kulon Progo Regency think are medicinal. The purpose of this research was to identify therapeutic herbs used by the Kulon Progo population. Traditional healers and members of the Kulon Progo village were interviewed as part of this study. The ethnomedicine data was analyzed using Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FC), and Plant Part Value (PPV). The analytical results suggest that turmeric (0.78), galangal (0.67), and ginger (0.67) are the most important plants to society. Rhizomes (38.10%) and leaves (34.52) are the most commonly employed plant parts for medicinal purposes. Boiling it (47.06%) produces herbal medication from the plant extract.

Pharmacy and materia medica, Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Progress in combating antibiotic resistance in animal agriculture

Tianming Xu, Jing Liu, Qian Wu et al.

Antibiotics are commonly used to address animal health issues and enhance overall productivity in animal agriculture. However, overuse and misuse of antibiotics has become a concern in the field of agriculture and pose potential food safety risks. Efficiently controlling antibiotic resistance in animal agriculture is of vital importance. Various technologies have been developed and employed to prevent and control antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this field, such as ozone sterilization technology, among others. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current sterilization technologies in animal agriculture, including chemical sanitizers, plasma oxidation, bacteriophage, ozone, ultraviolet, ultrasonic irradiation, and photodynamic inactivation. Furthermore, we present novel insights and future perspectives on the prevention and control of antibiotic resistance in animal agriculture.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Ovule and seed development of crop plants in response to climate change

Mohammad Erfatpour, Dustin MacLean, Rachid Lahlali et al.

The ovule is a plant structure that upon fertilization, transforms into a seed. Successful fertilization is required for optimum crop productivity and is strongly affected by environmental conditions including temperature and precipitation. Climate change refers to sustained changes in global or regional climate patterns over an extended period, typically decades to millions of years. These shifts can result from natural processes like volcanic eruptions and solar radiation fluctuations, but in recent times, human activities—especially the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions—have accelerated the pace and scale of climate change. Human-induced climate change impacts the agricultural sector mainly through global warming and altering weather patterns, both of which create conditions that challenge agricultural production and food security. With food demand projected to sharply increase by 2050, urgent action is needed to prevent the worst impacts of climate change on food security and allow time for agricultural production systems to adapt and become more resilient. Gaining insights into the female reproductive part of the flower and seed development under extreme environmental conditions is important to oversee plant evolution, agricultural productivity, and food security in the face of climate change. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant reproductive development and the effects of temperature and water stress, soil salinity, elevated carbon dioxide, and ozone pollution on the female reproductive structure and development across grain legumes, cereal, oilseed, and horticultural crops. It identifies gaps in existing studies for potential future research and suggests suitable mitigation strategies for sustaining crop productivity in a changing climate.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Impact of atmospheric pressure pin-to-plate cold plasma on the functionality of arrowroot starch

Eketa Devi, Ranjitha Gracy T. Kalaivendan, Gunaseelan Eazhumalai et al.

The present study focused to modify the functionality of arrowroot starch (ARS) by a novel atmospheric pressure pin-to-plate cold plasma. The top electrode consists of multiple pins arranged in such a way to shower corona discharge of electrons to provide effective modification. Arrowroot starch (10 g) was exposed to the cold plasma processed at three input voltages (190, 210, 230 V) for 5–15 min and studied for the changes in intrinsic viscosity average molecular weight (MWv), powder flow properties (bulk and tapped density, Hausner's ratio, Carr's index), functional (water and oil binding capacity, pH, gel hydration, turbidity), rheological (pasting and steady shear flow), thermal (DSC) and structural (FTIR, XRD, SEM) properties. With cold plasma treatment, MWv of the ARS was increased evincing the cross-linking phenomenon which has also shown in increase in peak viscosity of the starch pastes (4.33%–11.98%). The steady shear viscosity at 50 s−1 of the plasma-treated starch also increased remarkably (15.44%–223.83%) than the untreated. Inclusion of acidic and hydrophilic functionalities along with surface etching of starch observed under SEM have resulted in the pH reduction (from 5.41 ± 0.03 to 4.01 ± 0.01), Increase in water (22.5% rise in 230–15) and oil binding (8.46% in 230–15), swelling volume (50% increase) and solubility index (240% increase), reduction in paste turbidity. The increase in % of crystallinity in the plasma-treated arrowroot starch was associated with the increase in gelatinization enthalpy showing the thermal stability of plasma-indued crosslinking of arrowroot starch. This proves that cold plasma can be a potential green modification technology to produce clear, highly viscous, more hydrating, shear, and thermally stable starches.

Agriculture (General), Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Educação nutricional para melhora dos hábitos alimentares infantis em pré-escolares do município de Agudos-SP

Izabela Estorino de Oliveira Maia, Carolina Tarcinalli Souza, Fabiane Valentini Francisqueti-Ferron et al.

A educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) contribui na promoção e proteção da saúde, desempenhando crescimento e desenvolvimento nas crianças, evitando de forma indireta, possíveis complicações de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). O atual trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver com o público infantil de 04 anos e 05 anos e 11 meses, matriculadas no pré II, da EMEI Clélia Napoleone Crema na cidade de Agudos-SP, atividades lúdicas para melhorar suas escolhas alimentares, mostrando também a importância da educação nutricional nesta fase. No período de agosto à setembro de 2022 foi desenvolvido semanalmente atividades lúdicas, contabilizando seis atividades, com o apoio das professoras, realizando as atividades em diversos espaços físicos como: salas de aula, quadra e horta, tendo como referencial teórico a Secretaria de Estado da Saúde: “Sugestões de atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional”. O trabalho educativo proporcionou a ampliação do conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição, sendo isso observado, por meio, dos resultados positivos, sendo eles quantitativos e qualitativos, pois, as crianças desenvolveram: atitudes positivas frente aos alimentos, sendo encorajados em relação à aceitação de novos alimentos e de uma alimentação mais saudável. A realização dessas atividades revelou a importância do trabalho lúdico no desenvolvimento de ações educativas em alimentação e nutrição, ao aplicar as atividades notou-se, além da importância, o interesse das crianças sobre o assunto tornando o tempo divertido e produtivo, reforçando a necessidade das atividades para incentivar a alimentação saudável e reduzir as DCNT, principalmente a obesidade infantil.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Arcobacter isolated from commercial fresh whole chicken in Shunyi District, Beijing

WANG Yuanyuan, LI Ying, YANG Jie et al.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination status and antibiotics resistance of Arcobacter isolated from commercial fresh whole chicken in Shunyi District.MethodsSixty fresh whole chicken from retail markets and supermarkets in Shunyi District were randomly purchased. The Bacterial isolation was carried out using the membrane filtration methods. The strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometery and real-time fluorescent PCR. The mass spectra of the strains were clustered. The isolated Arcobacter strains were subjected to a susceptibility test for 11 antibiotics using agar dilution method.ResultsThe detection rate of Arcobacter in 60 samples of commercially available fresh whole chicken was 26.67% (16/60) and all of them were Arcobacter butzleri. The detection rate of Arcobacter in June and July was significantly higher than that in May. Sixteen strains of Arcobacter were clustered by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and were divided into two clusters with a relative distance of 1 000. The relative distance was negatively correlated with the similarity of the strains, and the clustering map had a certain suggestive effect on the regional origin of the samples. The Arcobacter isolates were highly resistant to quinolone antibiotics and the resistance rates to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were 81.25% and 43.75%, respectively. The resistance rate to gentamicin (12.50%) and erythromycin (12.50%), azithromycin (12.50%), telithromycin (12.50%) and streptomycin (6.25%) was relatively low.ConclusionThe detection rate of Arcobacter in raw chickens in Shunyi District is high. It should be alert to the risk of food-borne diseases caused by undercooked cooking and cross-contamination.

Food processing and manufacture, Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Impact of Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of University Students in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Md. Jamal Hossain, Foyez Ahmmed, Md. Robin Khan et al.

ObjectivesThis current study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns, and the extent of physical activities among university students following the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 10 to August 10, 2021, through a pre-designed Google Form to collect the data from Bangladeshi university students (age: ≥18 years). Informed consent was electronically obtained from each participant, and a simple snowball technique was employed during the sampling. Frequency and percentage distribution, paired t-test, chi-square [χ2] test, and multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses were consecutively applied to analyze the collected data.ResultsAmong the total participants (n = 1,602), 45.1% were female and 55.6% were 22–25 years' age group students. The BMI (mean ± standard deviation, SD) during the COVID-19 lockdown was 23.52 ± 7.68 kg/m2, which was 22.77 ± 4.11 kg/m2 during the pre-lockdown period (mean difference = 0.753; p < 0.001). The multinomial logistic regression analysis found a significant impact of gender [male vs. female: adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.448; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.022, 2.053; p = 0.037], age (years) (<22 vs. >25: RRR =0.389, 95% CI = 0.213,0.710; p = 0.002, and 22–25 vs. >25: RRR = 0.473, 95% CI = 0.290, 0.772; p = 0.003), monthly family income (BDT) (<25,000 vs. >50,000: RRR = 0.525, 95% CI = 0.334,0.826; p = 0.005), university type (public vs. private: RRR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.369, 0.791; p = 0.002), eating larger meals/snacks (increased vs. unchanged: RRR = 2.401, 95% CI = 1.597, 3.610; p < 0.001 and decreased vs. unchanged: RRR = 1.893, 95% CI = 1.218, 2.942; p = 0.005), and verbally or physically abuse (yes vs. no: RRR = 1.438, 95% CI = 0.977, 2.116; p = 0.066) on obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the female students and those who have constant eating habits, were more likely to be underweight. Additionally, the binary logistic regression analysis found that the students from private universities [others vs. private: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.461, 95% CI = 0.313, 0.680; p < 0.001], urban areas (urban vs. rural: AOR = 1.451, 95% CI = 1.165, 1.806; p = 0.001), wealthier families (<25,000 BDT vs. >50,000 BDT: AOR = 0.727, 95% CI = 0.540, 0.979; p = 0.036), and who were taking larger meals/snacks (increased vs. unchanged: AOR = 2.806, 95% CI = 2.190, 3.596; p < 0.001) and had conflicts/arguments with others (no vs. yes: AOR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.418, 0.657; p < 0.001), were significantly more physically inactive. Finally, the level of education and smoking habits significantly influenced the eating habits of university students during the extended strict lockdown in Bangladesh.ConclusionThe current findings would be helpful tools and evidence for local and international public health experts and policymakers to reverse these worsening effects on students mediated by the prolonged lockdown. Several effective plans, programs, and combined attempts must be earnestly implemented to promote a smooth academic and daily life.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Associations of Eating Identities With Self-Reported Dietary Behaviors and Body Mass Index

Patrycja Sleboda, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Wändi Bruine de Bruin et al.

Objective:To inform dietary interventions, it is important to understand antecedents of recommended (henceforth: healthy) dietary behaviors, beyond dietary beliefs and self-efficacy. We used the validated “Eating Identity Type Inventory” to assess the extent to which participants identified as healthy eaters, meat eaters, emotional eaters or picky eaters. We examined correlations between participants' race/ethnicity and other socio-demographic characteristics and affinity with these eating identities, how affinity with these eating identities correlated with self-reports of dietary beliefs, self-efficacy, dietary behaviors and Body Mass Index (BMI), and how well affinity with these eating identities predicted self-reported dietary behaviors and BMI, as compared to self-reported dietary beliefs and self-efficacy.MethodsIn an online survey, a diverse sample of 340 Los Angeles County adults reported eating identities, dietary beliefs, and self-efficacy, dietary behaviors and BMI.ResultsPearson correlations revealed that identifying more as a healthy eater was positively associated with self-reports of being non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic mixed race, older, and college-educated, while identifying more as a meat eater was positively associated with self-reports of being non-Hispanic Black, younger, and male (α = 0.05). Pearson correlations also showed that healthy eaters had more accurate dietary beliefs and self-efficacy, and emotional eaters had lower self-efficacy (α = 0.05). In linear regressions, identifying more as a healthy eater was associated with self-reporting healthier dietary behaviors and lower BMI, and identifying more as a meat eater and emotional eater was associated with reporting less healthy dietary behaviors and higher BMI, even after accounting for correlations with socio-demographics, dietary beliefs, and self-efficacy (α = 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of eating identities in understanding dietary behaviors and outcomes, with implications for dietary interventions.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Exercise Outcomes in Childhood Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Status

Brisamar Estébanez, Chun-Jung Huang, Marta Rivera-Viloria et al.

Childhood obesity is identified as one of the major public health issues to increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases and related complications in adulthood. The literature has supported inflammation and oxidative stress as the primary underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Epidemiological evidence consistently shows the benefits of physical activity in the improvement of obesity-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress status. In this narrative mini-review, the available scientific evidence on the potential effects of exercise in alleviating these susceptibilities in childhood obesity will be assessed.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2021
Effects of dietary rainbow trout visceral protein hydrolysate on hematological, immunological and biochemical serum parameters and antioxidant enzymes of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii

Sakineh Yeganeh, Milad Adel

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of dietary rainbow trout by-product protein hydrolysate on hematological, immunological and biochemical serum parameters and antioxidant enzymes of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). For this purpose, 300 fish with an average weight of 67 ± 3 g were distributed in 12 tanks and were fed for 56 days with different levels of by-product protein hydrolysate (PH) in 4 treatments including 0 (control), 5g (5PH), 10g (10PH) and 20g (20PH per kg of feed. The highest white blood cell count and hematocrit percentage were observed in the treatments of 10PH and 20PH which was significantly different from those fed with 5PH and control (p<0.05). The highest amount of the serum glucose and the lowest amount of triglyceride were obtained in 10PH and 20PH. Fish fed 10PH and 20PH exhibited lower levels of AST and ALP enzymes than the control group (p<0.05). Evaluation of serum immune indices showed that there was a significant difference in IgM, C3, ACH50 and serum respiratory burst activity of fish fed 10PH compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Also, lysozyme activity, total protein content, complement component C4 in fish fed with 10PH and 20PH displayed a significant difference with 5PH and control group (p<0.05). In this study, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase indices in 10PH and 20PH revealed a significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05), in addition to the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05). Overall, effects of PH, especially 10PH on the examined indices in Siberian Sturgeon were positive and significant.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
DOAJ Open Access 2019
Risk Assessment of Maize Drought in China Based on Physical Vulnerability

Fang Chen, Huicong Jia, Donghua Pan

Applying disaster system theory and with reference to the mechanisms that underlie agricultural drought risk, in this study, crop yield loss levels were determined on the basis of hazards and environmental and hazard-affected entities (crops). Thus, by applying agricultural drought risk assessment methodologies, the spatiotemporal distribution of maize drought risk was assessed at the national scale. The results of this analysis revealed that the overall maize drought risk decreases gradually along a northwest-to-southeast transect within maize planting areas, a function of the climatic change from arid to humid, and that the highest yield loss levels are located at values between 0.35 and 0.45. This translates to drought risks of once in every 10 and 20 years within 47.17% and 43.31% of the total maize-producing areas of China, respectively. Irrespective of the risk level, however, the highest maize yield loss rates are seen in northwestern China. The outcomes of this study provide the scientific basis for the future prevention and mitigation of agricultural droughts as well as the rationalization of related insurance.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply
DOAJ Open Access 2018
High-Rate Solid-Liquid Separation Coupled With Nitrogen and Phosphorous Treatment of Swine Manure: Effect on Ammonia Emission

Kyoung S. Ro, Matias B. Vanotti, Ariel A. Szogi et al.

A new treatment system was developed to meet multiple environmental performance standards including to substantially reduce ammonia emissions. It was tested full-scale for 2-years in a 5,145-head finishing swine farm with two anaerobic lagoons. The system combined high-rate solid-liquid separation with nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes. Both vertical radial plum mapping (VRPM) and floating static chamber techniques were used to measure NH3 emission fluxes from anaerobic storage lagoons and the total farm-level NH3 emission rates. The VRPM used an open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDL) and the flux chamber used a photoacoustic gas analyzer to accurately measure NH3 concentration. After the treatment system started, one of the two lagoons became inactive without receiving anymore flushed manure. The ammonia emission flux from the other lagoon with the treated effluent decreased from 43.9 to 6.8 kg-N ha−1 d−1 1.5 years after implementation of the new treatment system. The NH3 emission flux from the inactive lagoon also decreased similarly because the already stored old manure of the lagoon prior to inactivation was diluted with rainfalls and lost some NH3 via volatilization. The total farm-level NH3 emission rates decreased from 1.72 g s−1 to below detection level of the VRPM technique. Using the minimum detection level of the TDL with R2 &gt; 90% (i.e., 8.1 8.1 μL L−1-m), the total farm-level NH3 emission rates in the second year were less than 0.04–0.15 g s−1. These results suggested that the impact of the new treatment system on NH3 emission reduction was equivalent to closing conventional swine lagoons while actively growing 5,145 pigs with minimal ammonia emissions from the farm.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
DOAJ Open Access 2018
The Attitudes of Residents towards Agro-tourism Impacts and Its Effects on Participation in Agro-tourism Development: The Case Study of Vietnam.

Nha Thi Huynh Nguyen, Asst. Prof. Dr. Suvit Suwanno, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Weerapon Thongma et al.

This paper investigates the residents' participation in agro-tourism development by examining their attitudes towards the impacts of agro-tourism on economic, socio-culture, and environment. The data was obtained from a survey of residents in Thai Phien Village based on a random sampling method. Factor analysis, descriptive statistics, and comparing means and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the data. The results reveal that agro-tourism mostly brings positive impacts that outweigh the negative ones on the local community, such as educating visitors about agriculture, enhancing the community pride about local culture, capturing the demands of tourists on the local agricultural products, diversifying local economic activities, encouraging cultural exchange, and also improving public infrastructure and the area appearances. The study also indicated the demographic characteristics of residents are likely to affect their attitudes towards agro-tourism impacts. Using a regression model, the findings yield that the positive impacts of both economic and socio-culture have contributed positively, meanwhile the negative impacts of socio-culture indicate a negative relationship with regard to the participation of local community in agro-tourism development. Thus, the locals’ positive attitudes towards agro-tourism impacts play a vital role, thereby influencing their willingness to active participation in developing agro-tourism of the community. In order to improve the residents’ positive attitudes, the local authorities can develop educational programmes or agro-tourism business model courses to apprise locals of the interests of agro-tourism to individuals as well as the community. It can also build up strategies based on local media, via local media, to provide the panorama of agrotourism and its benefits on locals.

Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service, Business
DOAJ Open Access 2017
Lipids characterization of ultrasound and microwave processed germinated sorghum

Sadia Hassan, Muhammad Imran, Nazir Ahmad et al.

Abstract Background Cereal crops and oilseeds provide diverse pool of fatty acids with characteristic properties. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) provides the staple food with serving as main source of energy and protein. Germination of sorghum generally increases the nutritive value of seeds and the effects of germination on lipids composition of seeds vary greatly with processing conditions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to compare the effect of emerging processing techniques such as ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) on fatty acids composition and oil yield of sorghum seeds before and after germination. Methods Initially sorghum grains were soaked with 5% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) for surface sterilization. Afterwards, grains were soaked in excess water for 22 h at room temperature and were divided into four portions. The first portion (100 g grains) was subjected to germination without applying any microwave and ultrasonic treatment (T0). Second portion was further divided into four groups (T1, T2, T3, T4) (100 g of each group) and grains were subjected to ultrasonic treatments using two different ultrasonic intensities (US1: 40%; US2: 60%) within range of 0–100% and with two different time durations (tUS1: 5 min; tUS2: 10 min) at constant temperature. Third portion was also divided into four groups (T1, T2, T3, T4) (100 g of each group) and exposed to microwave treatments at two different power levels (MW1: 450 watt; MW2: 700 watt) within the range of 100-900 W for two different time durations (tMW1: 15 s; tMW2: 30s). Similarly, fourth portion was divided into four groups (T1, T2, T3, T4) (100 g of each group). Each group was exposed to both MW (MW1, MW2) (100–900 watt power) & US (US1, US2) (0–100% intensity) treatments at two different time levels (tUS, tMW). Then, germination was carried out and pre-treated raw and pre-treated germinated sorghum grains were analyzed for total oil yield, fatty acid composition and unsaturated fatty acids (Un-SFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio by gas chromatography. Results The results revealed that oil yield in sorghum before and after germination ranged from 6.55 to 7.84% and 6.28 to 7.57%, respectively. All the microwave and ultrasound processed samples showed significant difference in oil yield than the raw sorghum grains. The highest tested yield was 7.84 ± 0.31% when combination of microwave power (700 W) and ultrasound intensity (60%) was applied for 30s and 10 min, respectively. The results further demonstrate that the raw sorghum contained palmitic (13.73 ± 0.10%), palmitoleic (0.43 ± 0.02%), stearic (1.07 ± 0.04%), oleic (37.15 ± 0.10%), linoleic (43.33 ± 0.21%), linolenic (1.55 ± 0.04%), arachidic acid (0.13 ± 0.01%) and eicosenoic acid (0.37 ± 0.02%), respectively. The highest fatty acid percentage for palmitic, stearic and arachidic acid was 13.75 ± 0.07%, 1.11 ± 0.09% and 0.15 ± 0.03% at 60% US intensity for 10 min (T4), respectively. Maximum amount observed was 1.60 ± 0.09% of linolenic acid while amount of eicosenoic acid decreased from 0.37 ± 0.02% to 0.31 ± 0.01% after processing. In case of applying combination of microwave and sonication treatments, the change in eicosenoic acid increased from 0.35 ± 0.02% to 0.40 ± 0.04% while there was no significant change in other fatty acids. The ungerminated sorghum oil possessed 14.93–15.05% and 82.83–83.12% of SFA and Un-SFA, respectively. After germination, percentage of saturated fatty acids increased (16.4–16.55%) while decreased for unsaturated fatty acids (80.13–80.56%) were noted. Conclusions The results of the present study conclude that the yield of oil from sorghum grains increased by emerging processing. Fatty acid analysis of sorghum oil suggested that pre-treatment strategies will not affect the quality of the oil with respect to essential fatty acids content. Overall, the composition of saturated fatty acid in germinated grain is improved than ungerminated grains after processing.

Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases
DOAJ Open Access 2016
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance linuron

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Abstract The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co‐rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance linuron are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of linuron as a herbicide on carrots. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Chemical technology
S2 Open Access 2015
Stress among Home Economics Students in Higher Education : A Case of Colleges of Education in Nigeria

Ezenwanne

The development in students of the attributes of productivity, creativity, entrepreneurship and lifelong learning is recognized internationally as a common goal of education systems. The field of Home Economics —is no exception to this trend as it is highly relevant to individual, family and societal development. However, academic stress among Home Economics students could threaten their achievement of the aforementioned goals. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the academic stressors experienced by the Home Economics students in Colleges of Education in Anambra State of Nigeria. The study, which was based on two research questions and two null hypotheses, adopted the descriptive survey design. Using proportionate random sampling technique, 180 Home Economics students enrolled for three-year Nigerian Certificate on Education (NCE) programme in two Colleges of Education in Anambra State of Nigeria, were used in the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire containing 35 items was used to collect data. Mean ratings and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while the Analysis of Variance was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 significant level. The findings of the study indicated that irrespective of the year of study, the Home Economics Students encountered physical-technical and socio-interpersonal stressors in their academic pursuits. These academic stressors were mostly related to course processes. These findings imply that the students encounter a lot of stress which could have adverse effects on their learning and acquisition of Home Economics skills. The situation may worsen if current physical-technical and socio-interpersonal stressors are not ameliorated. Some recommendations for improvement were given.

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