The general scarcity of sources available for research on the Vistula rafting in the Partition era is partially alleviated by the contemporary press sources, and in particular by “Dziennik Handlowy” [The Commercial Journal] – the most important Polish post-1772 newspaper on the matters of economy. It contains valuable information on the political, legal and economic conditions of the rafting trade, water transport and technical support for rafting, statistics on ship traffic and the flow of goods, as well as difficulties in inland navigation.
On a centennial timescale, solar activity was quantified based on records of instrumental sunspot observations. This article briefly discusses several aspects of the recent archival investigations of historical sunspot records in the 17th to 18th centuries. This article also reviews the recent updates for the active day fraction and positions of the reported sunspot groups of the Maunder Minimum to show their significance within the observational history. These archival investigations serve as base datasets for reconstructing solar activity.
We present a dataset for rainfall streamflow modeling that is fully spatially resolved with the aim of taking neural network-driven hydrological modeling beyond lumped catchments. To this end, we compiled data covering five river basins in central Europe: upper Danube, Elbe, Oder, Rhine, and Weser. The dataset contains meteorological forcings, as well as ancillary information on soil, rock, land cover, and orography. The data is harmonized to a regular 9km times 9km grid and contains daily values that span from October 1981 to September 2011. We also provide code to further combine our dataset with publicly available river discharge data for end-to-end rainfall streamflow modeling.
The Central Sets Theorem, a fundamental result in Ramsey theory, is a joint extension of both Hindman's theorem and van der Waerden's theorem. It was originally introduced by H. Furstenberg using methods from topological dynamics. Later, using the algebraic structure of the Stone-$Č$ech compactification $β$ S of a semigroup S, N. Hindman and V. Bergelson extended the theorem in 1990. H. Shi and H. Yang established a topological dynamical characterization of central sets in an arbitrary semigroup (S,+), and showed it to be equivalent to the usual algebraic characterization. D. De, N. Hindman, and D. Strauss later proved a stronger version of the Central Sets Theorem for semigroups in 2008. D. Phulara further genaralized the result for commutative semigroups in 2015. Recently in his work, Zhang generalized it further and proved the central sets theorem for uncountably many central sets. We extend the theorem to arbitrary adequate partial semigroups and VIP systems.
We consider the $R$-matrix presentations of the quantum queer superalgebra $U_q(q_n)$ and its affine counterpart $U_q(\widehat q_n)$. We derive crossing symmetry relations for the $R$-matrices and use them to construct central elements in both superalgebras. We also produce an epimorphism $ev:U_q(\widehat q_n)\to U_q(q_n)$ identical on the subalgebra isomorphic to $U_q(q_n)$.
Currently available tools for the automated acoustic recognition of European insects in natural soundscapes are limited in scope. Large and ecologically heterogeneous acoustic datasets are currently needed for these algorithms to cross-contextually recognize the subtle and complex acoustic signatures produced by each species, thus making the availability of such datasets a key requisite for their development. Here we present ECOSoundSet (European Cicadidae and Orthoptera Sound dataSet), a dataset containing 10,653 recordings of 200 orthopteran and 24 cicada species (217 and 26 respective taxa when including subspecies) present in North, Central, and temperate Western Europe (Andorra, Belgium, Denmark, mainland France and Corsica, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Switzerland), collected partly through targeted fieldwork in South France and Catalonia and partly through contributions from various European entomologists. The dataset is composed of a combination of coarsely labeled recordings, for which we can only infer the presence, at some point, of their target species (weak labeling), and finely annotated recordings, for which we know the specific time and frequency range of each insect sound present in the recording (strong labeling). We also provide a train/validation/test split of the strongly labeled recordings, with respective approximate proportions of 0.8, 0.1 and 0.1, in order to facilitate their incorporation in the training and evaluation of deep learning algorithms. This dataset could serve as a meaningful complement to recordings already available online for the training of deep learning algorithms for the acoustic classification of orthopterans and cicadas in North, Central, and temperate Western Europe.
This article is a revised version of the inaugural lecture delivered on 5 October2023, on the occasion of the author's appointment as Professor of History of Religions at Lund University. It opens by depicting fundamental changes in the study of the history of religions in the twentieth century, followed by biographical notes, including her research on lay Buddhism in urban Taiwan, the emphasis on sensual dimensions of religious practice and the aesthetics of religion, and international academic networking in the analysis of practices of prognostication between Asia and Europe. Three areas are outlined that are central to the author's current research. It is pointed out that a focus on religion in contemporary society certainly includes a healthy awareness of current developments in the politics of religion, particularly in East Asia. In addition, the article addresses two fields of research that the author is currently engaged in: (1) The emergence of "Life Education" as a school subject in Greater China and the pedagogical shift that goes along with it. Particularly in Taiwan, this new subject is tailored to create a space for juveniles to develop self-reflection and life orientation in a success-oriented society while a new trust in religious organizations leads to the organizations' active engagement in these developments. The author is especially interested in how the transforming relationship between religion and public education gains special relevance in a comparative perspective between Asia and Europe. (2) Religious change in East Asia is evident in Buddhist ritual practices that are impacted by a consumer society that moulds emotionally profound experiences into marketable and distinct units that Eva Illouz has termed "emodities". Religious practices are subject to change in our contemporary world as they are reshaped by a growing global digitalized consumer culture. Tracing these changes leads to a deeper understanding of the underlying forces that distinctly reshape contemporary religious life.
The assembly of galaxies over cosmic time is tightly connected to the assembly of their host dark matter halos. We investigate the stellar mass growth history and the chemical enrichment history of central galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA. We find that the derived stellar metallicity of passive central galaxies is always higher than that of the star-forming ones. This stellar metallicity enhancement becomes progressively larger towards low-mass galaxies (at a given epoch) and earlier epochs (at a given stellar mass), which suggests strangulation as the primary mechanism for star formation quenching in central galaxies not only in the local universe, but also very likely at higher redshifts up to $z\sim3$. We show that at the same present-day stellar mass, passive central galaxies assembled half of their final stellar mass $\sim 2$ Gyr earlier than star-forming central galaxies, which agrees well with semi-analytic model. Exploring semi-analytic model, we find that this is because passive central galaxies reside in, on average, more massive halos with a higher halo mass increase rate across cosmic time. As a consequence, passive central galaxies are assembled faster and also quenched earlier than their star-forming counterparts. While at the same present-day halo mass, different halo assembly history also produces very different final stellar mass of the central galaxy within, and halos assembled earlier host more massive centrals with a higher quenched fraction, in particular around the "golden halo mass" at $10^{12}\mathrm{M_\odot}$. Our results call attention back to the dark matter halo as a key driver of galaxy evolution.
The article presents the pioneering research conducted in Poland in the field of ethnoarchaeology just before and immediately after the Second World War. The use of this method was pioneered by W. Hołubowicz. The article shows how ethnoarchaeology spread to other research centres in later years. A novelty in the research was the search for solutions in ethnographic materials. It made it possible to study production techniques and ways of using products. Currently, it is used in studies about architecture, workshops, and various classes of monuments. Research on monuments allows us to determine the traces of production and use of items. The described method contributed significantly to the refinement of knowledge about the everyday life of ancient people.
Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; Jönsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($ν=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($ν=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.
Kateřina Tomková, Natalie Venclová, Šárka Křížová
et al.
Pohřebiště z doby stěhování národů v Záluží u Čelákovic, zkoumané ve 20. a 30. letech 20. století, patří se svými nejméně 100 hroby k největším a nejvýznamnějším lokalitám konce 5. až poloviny 6. stol. v Čechách. To platí také o souboru skla tvořeném 168 korálky a několika dalšími předměty. Chemické složení skel 24 korálků bylo stanoveno pomocí SEM-EDS a LA-ICP-MS. Výsledky těchto analýz prokázaly sodno-vápenaté sklo natronového typu. Významným výsledkem je zjištění, že průsvitná skla patří k tzv. Intermediategroup, teprve zcela nedávno identifikované evropským archeometrickým výzkumem. Složení skel této skupiny svědčí o tom, že jde o sklo recyklované, a v tomto směru korálky ze Záluží přispívají ke studiu recyklací v 1. tisíciletí po Kr. obecně.
The study summarizes the experience of the team that developed the HistoryLab digital application for working with sources (during 2016–2021) that included authors of this text. Analytical data and experience from the ongoing verification of educational software are used to reflect on a key problem of historical education in the Czech Republic: the tension between didactic theory and pedagogical practice. In conclusion, the authors propose three models of perceptual transmission of theory based on verification in school practice.
A previous study of symmetric collisions of massive nuclei has shown that current models of multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions do not adequately describe the transfer product yields. To gain further insight into this problem, we have measured the yields of MNT products in the interaction of 977 (E/A = 4.79 MeV) and 1143 MeV (E/A = 5.60 MeV) $^{204}$Hg with $^{208}$Pb. We find that the yield of multi-nucleon transfer products are similar in these two reactions and are substantially lower than those observed in the reaction of 1257 MeV (E/A = 6.16 MeV) $^{204}$Hg + $^{198}$Pt. We compare our measurements with the predictions of the GRAZING-F, di-nuclear systems (DNS) and improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) models. For the observed isotopes of the elements Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi, the measured values of the MNT cross sections are orders of magnitude larger than the predicted values. Furthermore, the various models predict the formation of nuclides near the N=126 shell, which are not observed.
This study looks at the origins of Masaryk's work 'The New Europe' (A Slavic Standpoint) and provides a critical analysis of it from the perspective of the situation during the First World War and immediately after.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Central Europe
This article explores the experiences of Kenyan students in the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and other communist states between 1958 and 1969. Existing studies of student mobility from Kenya in this period have concentrated on the experiences of students in the USA, a theme familiar to many readers because of Barack Obama’s family history. By contrast, and by using recently released sources from the British archives and material from Tom Mboya's papers at the Hoover Institute Archives, the article analyses the political debates that centred upon this much larger group of students who travelled East. The article demonstrates how newfound freedoms of movement were tempered by racism, colonial obstruction and domestic political considerations. The global opportunities that seemed to be presented by decolonization proved to be a chimera. The article locates the experiences of the students in a broader context of debates around decolonization and globalization, but emphasizes the importance of the students' experiences at home and abroad to the process of state-building being undertaken in Kenya at this time.
What Was the So‑called Florynka Republic? Political Activity of the Lemkos in the Years 1918‑1921 in Political Analysis Perspective
After World War I, there was a chance for self‑ sustaining for many nations. The Lemkos decided to take this opportunity. This phenomenon in the Lemko identity memory has survived under the name of the Florynka Republic. Although the new structure tried to join other countries, the Republic became a symbol of Lemkos’ autonomous aspirations and a manifestation of their identity. The aim of the article is to confront this phenomenon with the political model of the state and verify whether it was a state or not.
In the article I draw attention to the lack of consistency in descriptions of the rock material used to build the first structures in the early Piast state. The role and importance of the types of stone material used at that time are unappreciated, if not downright ignored. I emphasize the fact that the main material used in early-medieval building construction were glacial erratics, sometimes representing up to 98% of the entire building material. Other rocks used in constructing buildings included travertine, sod iron ore, limestone and gypsum. However, I have devoted a lot of attention to the Miocene quartzite sandstone excavated in the early stages of Polish statehood from a quarry in Brzeźno near Konin. In the summary, I suggest possible time scales for the use of part of the rock material.
History of Eastern Europe, History of Central Europe