Hasil untuk "History"

Or Fleisher, Shirin Anlen

This paper presents Volume, a software toolkit that enables users to experiment with expressive reconstructions of archival and/or historical materials as volumetric renderings. Making use of contemporary deep learning methods, Volume re-imagines 2D images as volumetric 3D assets. These assets can then be incorporated into virtual, augmented and mixed reality experiences.

R. Ratcliff, Philip L. Smith, Scott D. Brown et al.

Eleni Adamopoulou, Lefteris Moussiades

Abstract This literature review presents the History, Technology, and Applications of Natural Dialog Systems or simply chatbots. It aims to organize critical information that is a necessary background for further research activity in the field of chatbots. More specifically, while giving the historical evolution, from the generative idea to the present day, we point out possible weaknesses of each stage. After we present a complete categorization system, we analyze the two essential implementation technologies, namely, the pattern matching approach and machine learning. Moreover, we compose a general architectural design that gathers critical details, and we highlight crucial issues to take into account before system design. Furthermore, we present chatbots applications and industrial use cases while we point out the risks of using chatbots and suggest ways to mitigate them. Finally, we conclude by stating our view regarding the direction of technology so that chatbots will become really smart.

Gianfranco Bertone, Dan Hooper

Although dark matter is a central element of modern cosmology, the history of how it became accepted as part of the dominant paradigm is often ignored or condensed into an anecdotal account focused around the work of a few pioneering scientists. The aim of this review is to provide a broader historical perspective on the observational discoveries and the theoretical arguments that led the scientific community to adopt dark matter as an essential part of the standard cosmological model.

Anthony B. Atkinson, T. Piketty, Emmanuel Saez

Heng Li, R. Durbin

J. Piret, G. Boivin

The emergence and spread of infectious diseases with pandemic potential occurred regularly throughout history. Major pandemics and epidemics such as plague, cholera, flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have already afflicted humanity. The world is now facing the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many infectious diseases leading to pandemics are caused by zoonotic pathogens that were transmitted to humans due to increased contacts with animals through breeding, hunting and global trade activities. The understanding of the mechanisms of transmission of pathogens to humans allowed the establishment of methods to prevent and control infections. During centuries, implementation of public health measures such as isolation, quarantine and border control helped to contain the spread of infectious diseases and maintain the structure of the society. In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, these containment methods have still been used nowadays to control COVID-19 pandemic. Global surveillance programs of water-borne pathogens, vector-borne diseases and zoonotic spillovers at the animal-human interface are of prime importance to rapidly detect the emergence of infectious threats. Novel technologies for rapid diagnostic testing, contact tracing, drug repurposing, biomarkers of disease severity as well as new platforms for the development and production of vaccines are needed for an effective response in case of pandemics.

C. Pound, A. Partin, M. Eisenberger et al.

Michel Foucault

S. Stearns

P. McKee, W. Castelli, P. McNamara et al.

D. Schacter

Alfred D. Chandler

L. Adams, J. Lymp, J. S. St. Sauver et al.

G. D’Amico, G. Garcia‐Tsao, L. Pagliaro

Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth Rogoff

S. Stearns

P. Allison

D. Chakrabarty

Robert A. Rosenstone

Chapter 1: History on film. Chapter 2: To see the past. Chapter 3: Mainstream drama. Chapter 4: Innovative drama. Chapter 5: Documentary. Chapter 6: Telling lives. Chapter 7: Film maker/historian. Chapter 8: Engaging the discourse. Chapter 9: Film on history.