Questa iscrizione è stata recentemente scoperta in Iran. Il testo riporta una lettera attribuita a un re Seleuco e indirizzata a un funzionario di nome Erofanto. Il documento, datato probabilmente al regno di Seleuco II (246‑226 a.C.) o Seleuco IV (187‑175 a.C.), riguarda concessioni fiscali a una comunità coinvolta nell’allevamento di cavalli da guerra. L’iscrizione, di ubicazione ignota, è stata pubblicata per la prima volta nel 2012 da George Rougemont. Il testo, seppur frammentario, è un’importante testimonianza amministrativa del dominio seleucide in Oriente, ma presenta incertezze sulla localizzazione e sull’identità esatta del sovrano.
The tragic period of the Civil War and Cold War in Greece generated much poetry of lasting value, mostly from the Left . The poet T. K. Papatsonis (1895–1976), a fi gure with (among Greek poets) an idiosyncratic political and religious perspective, produced a response of quite a diff erent kind: an 'instant poem' written ira et studio as soon as the show trial of the Hungarian Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty (1949) was concluded. The present discussion provides a reading of Papatsonis' unusual poem within its Cold War context, with attention to its allegiances and its possible contradictions.
Based on a bibliography of translations from Czech into Modern Greek created by the author of the article, the text offers insights into the appearance of Czech literature on the Greek book market since the beginning of the 20th century. It first briefly compares the book markets in both countries and subsequently analyses the content of the bibliography from the following angles: The existent translations are projected onto a timeline with a historical explanation of the resulting pattern. An overall commentary is given on the publishers involved in producing these translations, the source languages with which the translators worked and the subsequent editions and new translations that have appeared in Greece. The final chapter presents the most significant translations and the possible motivation for their creation, the most translated authors and the most active or otherwise important translators.
Luego de hacer un comentario general de la Elegía 3, 1 de Propercio, nos detenemos en el pasaje casi final del texto (que, por cierto, presenta varias dificultades textuales que analizamos oportunamente) en el que el poeta enumera una serie de héroes troyanos. Nuestra hipótesis es que la elección de esos héroes, en particular los nombrados en los versos 29 y 30, Deífobo, Héleno, Polidamante y Paris, se fundamenta en que el poeta se identifica con ellos y de ese modo enfatiza su programa poético.
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
The article reveals the linguo-cultural peculiarities of the Russian Orthodox vocabulary. Using an etymological analysis, the author examines different etymological strata of the Russian Orthodox vocabulary and traces the influence of the Greek language in the structural and semantic aspects. The paper analyses both the cases of direct and mediated borrowing (word-formative and semantic calque). The conclusion is made about the dominating influence of the Greek Orthodox culture on the formation of the basic spiritual concepts of the Russian linguo-culture.
Luiza Nikolaevna Miroshnichenko, Elina Pavlovna Chakalova
The article describes ethno-cultural characteristics of female images in the Greek language. The paper aims to reveal the main features of female images in the Greek poetry of the XX century and to identify how the image of an ideal woman (her inner qualities, appearance) correlates with the stages in the development of the ethno-cultural community. For the first time, the authors provide a comprehensive multi-aspect analysis of the female image in poetical works of this period. Relying on the findings, the paper reveals the diversity of female images in the Greek poetry of the XX century, identifies five thematic groups and classifies them according to semantic density. The provided examples represent the specificity of the female image perception in the Greek linguo-culture; reveal interrelation of historical, cultural and linguistic components.
Alessandro Magno con un editto concede agli abitanti di Priene residenti nella cittadina portuale di Naulochon autonomia, eleutheria, possesso della terra ed esenzione dalla syntaxis. Viceversa requisisce le proprietà dei non Prienei (o dei non Greci) tenuti inoltre al pagamento dei tributi (phoroi). Uno stralcio dell’editto, emanato nel 334 a.C. o in data successiva, venne pubblicato (insieme ad altri importanti documenti) nel 285 a.C. circa durante il regno di Lisimaco. Inciso su lastra marmorea esso venne collocato sull’anta Nord del tempio di Atena Polias a Priene.
A partir de un enfoque “diferencial” del mito, abordamos la versión ovidiana del Ciclo tebano en el libro III de las Metamorfosis. La identificación de algunas valencias poéticas e ideológicas propias de esta actualización de la saga mítica nos permite explicitar el funcionamiento literario de uno de los principales motivos culturales del sistema romano de creencias. Mostramos que la leyenda fundacional de Cadmo construye de manera emblemática un patrón que atraviesa las representaciones de la historia colectiva en la literatura latina.
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
Key Words: Cicero; friendship; late republic; aristocracy; social history; cultural history; letters; social practices.
Abstract: While amicitia in both Cicero s philosophical works and the Letters has been the subject of intense scholarly interest, it is only recently that the significance of amicitia for Roman society at large has warranted critical-historical studies. In rejecting outdated notions of amicitiae as political factions, modern scholarship has left a key question unanswered: if amicitia was not, in fact, instrumental in shaping policies and voting majorities, then what was its importance? This paper attempts to show the importance and function of amicitia in Roman aristocratic society by analyzing its influence on a variety of individual sectors of private and public day-to-day life. The rules of amicitia, as propounded by Cicero in his philosophical works, can be observed in action in his
letters, where considerations of amity and friendship govern his interactions with aristocrats and non-aristocrats alike. From a close reading of his Letters (among other sources), the article draws up a catalogue of amical orthopraxy within the Roman aristocracy. What were the rules that governed friendships? In which areas of social life did they operate and how? What, precisely, were the actual benefits that Roman nobles could and did gain from them? In compiling the ample evidence for these benefits, the article contends that we can arrive at a new appreciation of amicitia and the fundamental role it played in generating and maintaining aristocratic social consensus. The amici of a Roman noble were not (only) important because of their value as political allies. They were important because almost every aspect of aristocratic life was governed by amicitiae, and vital parts of it could only function because of them.
Zusammenfassung: Die Frage nach der Natur und den Erfordernissen der Freundschaft beschäftigte Cicero zu jedem Zeitpunkt seines Lebens und in vielerlei Hinsicht. Die Frage nach Ciceros genauen Vorstellungen, wie denn ein echter amicus auszusehen habe, beschäftigt aber auch die Nachwelt quasi schon seit Urzeiten. Wo die philosophischen und philologischen Disziplinen sich vor allem mit der reinen Lehre Ciceros, beziehungsweise mit dem Auseinanderklaffen von Anspruch und Wirklichkeit ciceronianischer Freundschaft beschäftigten, näherten sich die Althistoriker der römischen amicitia vor allem unter einem gänzlich anderen Aspekt, nämlich demjenigen der Politik an. Die Behauptung, amicitiae seien im Grunde nur euphemistisch so bezeichnete politische Gruppierungen gewesen, ist von der Forschung mittlerweile längst revidiert worden. Erst in den letzten Jahren haben sich aber vermehrt Forscher anderer Fragen angenommen, obwohl dies eigentlich ein dringendes Anliegen gewesen wäre und auch immer noch ist: Denn wenn amicitia nicht fundamental für das Funktionieren der spätrepublikanischen Politik war, wo lag denn stattdessen ihre Bedeutung? Der Beitrag soll die Bedeutung und vielfachen Funktionen von amicitia innerhalb der römischen Aristokratie und im täglichen Auskommen ihrer Mitglieder betrachten. Ein Regelwerk der Freundschaft lässt sich dabei nicht nur in den philosophischen Schriften Ciceros nachlesen, sondern ebenfalls in seiner Korrespondenz in täglichem Gebrauch verfolgen. Was beinhalteten diese Regeln? Welche Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen Lebens waren Davon berührt? Was waren die Vorteile, die die Ideologie der Freundschaft für Mitglieder der Oberschicht bereit hielt? In einer Zusammenschau der verfügbaren Evidenz wird deutlich, dass amicitia ein fundamentaler Aspekt römischaristokratischer Nahbeziehungen war. Da so gut wie alle tagtäglichen Interaktionen der Oberschicht als Auswirkungen oder Elemente von amicitia (oder aber ihres Gegenteils, der inimicitia) konzeptualisiert wurden, musste dem Regelwerk der Freundschaft, dem richtigen und den Normen entsprechenden Handeln, kurz: der Orthopraxie, eine wichtige Rolle zukommen. So trug amicitia viel zur sozialen Kohäsion gerade der römischen Elite bei.
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
El estudio Cicero on Politics and the Limits of Reason de J. W. Atkins, basado en la tesis doctoral defendida en el año 2009 bajo la dirección de M. Schofield, constituye un aporte fundamental para la bibliografía sobre los textos filosóficos de Cicerón. Con un enfoque centrado en la historia del pensamiento político, este investigador de la Universidad de Duke ofrece un análisis pormenorizado de De re publica y De legibus. Sus objetivos son subrayar la centralidad de la contribución ciceroniana a la reflexión en torno a la ley natural, la constitución mixta, los cambios de organización de la res publica, los derechos de los ciudadanos y las características del hombre de estado y demostrar la coherencia entre ambos textos –una cuestión largamente debatida– al identificar, como eje unificador, la búsqueda de un sistema político estable y duradero que se fundamente en una organización justa y racional y que a la vez sea capaz de afrontar las limitaciones que imponen la casualidad, la necesidad, las circunstancias históricas y la propia naturaleza humana. A la luz de esta idea se advierte, según Atkins, que De re publica y De legibus constituyen “a single philosophical project”
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
Si bien es conocida la influencia que la cultura griega, y en especial, su filosofía, ejerció sobre Cicerón, no se ha puesto tanto de relieve su insistencia en mostrar la superioridad de Roma también en terrenos como la oratoria o el pensamiento político. Utilizando como marco teórico Orientalismo de E. Said, se propone interpretar a Cicerón en clave postcolonial, es decir, como un autor que quiere contribuir a legitimar el imperio de Roma argumentando su superioridad cultural
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
La escena del campo de batalla tras el enfrentamiento entre pompeyanos y cesarianos en el libro VII del Bellum Ciuile de Lucano (786-846) deja al descubierto el proceso de refuncionalización del tópico tradicional del día después de la lucha. Desde una perspectiva estilística mostramos que la intersección entre los códigos historiográfico, épico y trágico y la manipulación de diversos motivos literarios y culturales en dicho relato pueden leerse como uno de los principales mecanismos de la poética lucaniana del ciuile nefas.
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature