Hasil untuk "Folklore"

M. Fridlender, Y. Kapulnik, H. Koltai

Plants have had an essential role in the folklore of ancient cultures. In addition to the use as food and spices, plants have also been utilized as medicines for over 5000 years. It is estimated that 70–95% of the population in developing countries continues to use traditional medicines even today. A new trend, that involved the isolation of plant active compounds begun during the early nineteenth century. This trend led to the discovery of different active compounds that are derived from plants. In the last decades, more and more new materials derived from plants have been authorized and subscribed as medicines, including those with anti-cancer activity. Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The number of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next two decades. Thus, there is a real need for new efficient anti-cancer drugs with reduced side effects, and plants are a promising source for such entities. Here we focus on some plant-derived substances exhibiting anti-cancer and chemoprevention activity, their mode of action and bioavailability. These include paclitaxel, curcumin, and cannabinoids. In addition, development and use of their synthetic analogs, and those of strigolactones, are discussed. Also discussed are commercial considerations and future prospects for development of plant derived substances with anti-cancer activity.

Jesse Keyes, Jordan Sawdy

Traditionally, homotopy groups in $G$-equivariant stable homotopy theory have been graded over $\text{RO}(G)$, the real representation ring of $G$. It is arguably more natural to grade homotopical structures over the Picard group of the equivariant stable homotopy category. Though there is a canonical map of abelian groups $\text{RO}(G) \rightarrow \text{Pic}(\text{Ho}(\text{Sp}^G))$ relating the two, this map is neither injective or surjective in general. Fausk, Lewis, and May give an algebraic expression of $\text{Pic}(\text{Ho}(\text{Sp}^G))$ in terms of the Picard group of the Burnside ring $A(G)$, and this work suggests a folklore isomorphism between $\text{Pic}(A(G))$ and $\text{Pic}(\text{Mack}_G)$. We prove the existence of this folklore isomorphism in the setting of finite groups, then leverage our analysis to prove a classification of invertible Mackey functors in the setting of finite abelian groups. As a consequence, we furnish a classification of invertible $A(G)$-modules again for $G$ a finite abelian group.

Mary Monroe, Anish Thilagar, Melody Hsu et al.

In forecasting competitions, the traditional mechanism scores the predictions of each contestant against the outcome of each event, and the contestant with the highest total score wins. While it is well-known that this traditional mechanism can suffer from incentive issues, it is folklore that contestants will still be roughly truthful as the number of events grows. Yet thus far the literature lacks a formal analysis of this traditional mechanism. This paper gives the first such analysis. We first demonstrate that the ''long-run truthfulness'' folklore is false: even for arbitrary numbers of events, the best forecaster can have an incentive to hedge, reporting more moderate beliefs to increase their win probability. On the positive side, however, we show that two contestants will be approximately truthful when they have sufficient uncertainty over the relative quality of their opponent and the outcomes of the events, a case which may arise in practice.

Andres A. Contreras Hip, Ewain Gwynne

We present a proof of the folklore result that any length metric on $\mathbb R^d$ can be approximated by conformally flat Riemannian distance functions in the uniform distance. This result is used to study Liouville quantum gravity in another paper by the same authors.

Anıl Erkılınç, Sertan Demir, Mehtap Uçar Tören

Halk, geleneksellik, modernizm ve postmodernizm gibi kavramlar, tarih boyunca farklı bağlamlarda çeşitli disiplinler tarafından tartışılmış ve anlamları, dönemsel dinamikler ile değer sistemlerine bağlı olarak sürekli değişip dönüşmüş, kesin yargılara varılamamıştır. Yapılan araştırmalarda folklor, sosyoloji ve kültürel antropoloji gibi alanlarda halk kavramının farklı açılardan değerlendirildiği gözlemlenmiş, gelenek ile modernizm arasındaki çatışmanın toplumsal dönüşüm süreçlerindeki karmaşıklığı vurgulanmıştır. Modernizmin anlaşılma çabası genellikle temel ilkeleri ve etkileri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Geleneğin modernizmin tam bir karşıtı olarak algılanmasının, bazı sorunlara yol açabileceği düşünülmektedir. Her iki kavramın da birbirleriyle çatışması zorunlu değildir; hatta birbirleriyle doğrudan ilişkili ve birbirlerinin gelişimine katkı sağladığı düşünülebilir. Tarihsel olarak gelişimlerini birbirinden ayrı düşünmek, sağlıklı bir yaklaşım değildir. Ayrıca, postmodernizmin evrenselcilik ve ilerlemeci ideallere karşı çıkarak yerel, öznel ve çoksesli bir bakış açısı sunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası olarak ele alınan Sabahat Akkiraz'ın vokal icrasını, Bedük’ün ise çalgısal düzenlemelerini gerçekleştirdiği Yeşil İpek adlı eser, Türk halk müziğinin postmodern dönüşümünü örneklemektedir. Geleneksel ve modern müzik unsurlarının sentezlendiği bu eser, geleneğin zenginliğini korurken günümüz teknoloji imkanlarının kullanıldığı bir icra tarzı ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırma, geleneksel değerlerin modern dönemdeki dönüşümünü anlamak için nitel bir araştırma deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Akademik dergilerde yayınlanmış makaleler, kitap bölümleri ve çevrimiçi veri tabanlarından elde edilen literatür, belirli başlıklar altında gruplandırılmış ve farklı disiplinler ve yaklaşımlar altında incelenmiştir.

Teya Brooks Pribac, Marjetka Golež Kaučič

Nonhuman animal protagonists of folklore texts in the European space have tended to be perceived primarily as performing a symbolic and metaphoric function. But behind the symbols and the metaphors hide real flesh-and-blood nonhuman animals, and flesh-and-blood humans interacting with them, mostly from a position of power. The emerging discipline of zoofolkloristics considers nonhuman animals in their own right. Through critical analysis of folklore material, zoofolkloristics examines the role of animals and power relations within the interspecies entanglement with the aim of deconstructing the oppressive system and establishing multispecies justice. We begin this paper with a brief reflection on the ‘historical animal’ as an embodied being and a human construct. We then perform a critical re-reading of three animal-related folklore texts from the Slovenian tradition and, applying Hubert Zapf’s concept of imaginative counter-discourse, consider the potential of imagination as a methodological tool in the transformative program of zoofolkloristics. Implications for animal ethics, liberation, and conservation are also discussed.

Gabriel Conant, Alex Kruckman

We give three counterexamples to the folklore claim that in an arbitrary theory, if a complete type $p$ over a set $B$ does not divide over $C\subseteq B$, then no extension of $p$ to a complete type over $\text{acl}(B)$ divides over $C$. Two of our examples are also the first known theories where all sets are extension bases for nonforking, but forking and dividing differ for complete types (answering a question of Adler). One example is an NSOP$_1$ theory with a complete type that forks, but does not divide, over a model (answering a question of d'Elbée). Moreover, dividing independence fails to imply M-independence in this example (which refutes another folklore claim). In addition to these counterexamples, we summarize various related properties of dividing that are still true. We also address consequences for previous literature, including an earlier unpublished result about forking and dividing in free amalgamation theories, and some claims about dividing in the theory of generic $K_{m,n}$-free incidence structures.

Elena V. Fedotova

The work is devoted to the analysis of texts of Chuvash epics recorded from the end of the XIX to the beginning of the XXI centuries. in the Chuvash villages of the Volga-Ural region. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the content of the texts of Chuvash bylichek, to introduce them into scientific circulation. The study presents the classification of bulls compiled by the author. The work is based on archival and own field materials. The texts are analyzed in a descriptive aspect. At the same time, the author turns to ethnographic and linguistic approaches in the work. A distinctive feature of the Chuvash bylichka is its content: a description of the landscape, furnishings, traditional costume, jewelry, local cultural features. In addition, bylichkas are characterized by enumeration of endemic toponyms, details, the use of certain sets of plots, the mention of household items, tools, harness items, and the performance of various kinds of deeds. The most amazing are the narratives about the transformations of people with supernatural abilities into various household items (cloth, chair, pillow) or into animals (cat, dog, calf, lamb) and back into a person, the transformation of the mortgaged dead into horses, harness items. The ending of the epics often contains the syncretism of two religions: pre-Christian and Christian.

Rudy Rodsphon

We provide a short account of a classical folklore result in connection to the local index theorem, which identifies the short-time limit of the JLO cocycle of the Dirac operator to de Rham current obtained by the cap product of the fundamental class with the Â-genus.

Grigory Ivanov, Seyda Köse

In this short note we show that both generalizations of celebrated Erdős--Ko--Rado theorem and Hilton--Milner theorem to the setting of exterior algebra in the simplest non-trivial case of two-forms follow from the folklore puzzle about possible arrangements of an intersecting family of lines.

Gunpreet Kaur, Parveen Bansal, Ravinder Sharma et al.

Background: Folklore surveys had been a source of development of potential new drugs all over the world. Mumps is a keen extensive disease caused by virus with well-recognized symptoms and complications. In India, a number of herbal drugs have been used as home remedies to cure mumps. This study aimed to create an inventory of the folklore use of medicinal plants in the treatment of mumps in selected states in north India. Methods: A survey was carried out by using a questionnaire on 98 subjects involved in traditional medication in Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttrakhand, and Union Territories of Chandigarh. Botanical information regarding recognized plants was collected properly and data were further analyzed by using the relative frequency of citation (RFC). Results: As per survey, 23 plant species from 16 families were identified, and the most commonly used plant for treatment of mumps was found to be Glycyrrhiza glabra with RFC value 0.877 followed by Curcuma longa (0.867). It is pertinent to mention that only one clinical study has been done on Mimosa pudica plant with RFC value 0.622 by scientists to support its use in treatment of mumps out of 23 plants reported by traditional healers. Conclusion: This survey expresses the knowledge about medicinal plants used in the treatment of mumps in north India, and it serves as a template for researchers to conduct future research on these plants for mumps treatment.

R. M. Khaninova

The article examines the genre of magtal in the aspect of the greatness of bladed weapons on the examples of magtal poems in the poetry of Aksen Suseev, David Kugultinov and Mikhail Honinov. If “Uldin magtal” (“The Greatness of the Sword”) is included in A. Suseev’s poem “Teegin urn” (“Son of the Steppes”, 1939) as part of three magtals addressed to the greatness of the hero, horse and his weapons, before 12 songs-chapters, then D. Kugultinov’s poems “Aakun shor-uld taig” (“The sword-cane of Oka”, 1956) and M. Honinov’s “Khazg Chashkin ir ...” (“The blade of the Cossack saber ...”) are separate magtals dedicated to the heroes of fellow countrymen. A. Suseev and D. Kugultinov have magtals addressed to the hero of the Civil War O.I. Gorodovikov, M. Honinov — the hero of the Patriotic War B.B. Gorodovikov, defenders of the Fatherland. Comparative-typological analysis of folklore analogues in the epic “Dzhangar” and literary magtals revealed both common and different in the glorification of the hero through the glorification of his weapons — sword, saber, Cossack saber.

Slamet Subiyantoro, Kristiani Kristiani, Dwi Maryono et al.

Panji has evolved into a well-known folklore and an art form that provides a source of income for its conservationists. The purpose of this research is to examine the commodification and authenticity of Topeng Panji art in Bobung as an effort to face the era of globalization and localize the nation's cultural arts. The research was conducted in Bobung, Putat, Patuk, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a single case strategy. Data is sourced from informants, venues and documents/archives collected with in-depth interview techniques, participatory observations, and content analysis. The validity of the data is tested by source triangulation techniques and informant reviews. Data analysis is conducted with interactive analysis models with data reduction, data display, and verification procedures. The results of this study show that the Commodification of Topeng Panji is based on the increasing and complex needs of the community where the source of income from agriculture and plantations is not enough. The authenticity or art of Topeng Panji tradition in Bobung is maintained by the community by introducing it to the younger generation from an early age.

Dilyara M. Galiullina

The paper analyses the articles of the famous Tatar historian G. Gubaydullin published in his student years in the magazine “Maktap” (1913). The articles are devoted to the problems of teaching logic and history in Tatar madrasas at the beginning of the twentieth century. The introduction of new secular subjects into the learning process was especially relevant for the national school. Moreover, new teaching methods were developed in the absence of school textbooks in the Tatar language. Gubaydullin, as a future professional historian, understood full well the importance of humanitarian subjects, especially history and logic, in the formation of national identity of young people. In the article “Din madrasalarenda tarikh ukytu” (“Teaching history in religious madrassas”) he discusses the methodological recommendations for teachers and shakirds. The recommendations were important because Tatar educators had no experience in teaching history. Logic was studied in old-fashioned madrasas, but after the 1905 revolution the training programs were changed and there was a demand for a new textbook which would meet the requirements of the era. The historian writes about this issue in the article “Din madrasalarenda mantyk” (“Logic in religious madrassas”). At the beginning of the new century, the Tatar public had heated discussions about the concept of “nation”. G. Gubaydullin expressed his opinion about the preservation of the unity of the Turkic peoples in the article “Iske tel ham millat” (“Old language and nation”). He considered it necessary to introduce a new school subject – the Chagatay language for a better understanding of the ancient Turkic literature. The analysis of these articles gives an idea of the scholar’s views on national pedagogy.

N. K. Kiselyova

Spanish epic legends, which originated in ancient times in the oral tradition, have come down to us in various written forms — from historiography (prose chronicles) and major epic poems to small folklore lyric-epic genres, such as the Spanish “old” romance (romancero viejo). The question of the genesis, the method of composition and distribution of such plots is one of the most important now. First of all, it’s connected with the problem of stadial or parallel origin of the texts. The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the ancient Spanish plot about Rodrigo, the last king of the Visigoths, in Latin and Old Castilian historiography, including in the “History of Spain” by Alfonso X the Wise. In addition, the reconstructed plot is compared with the folk epic romance about Rodrigo’s last battle with the Moors and the loss of Spain. The cycle of romances formed in the 14th–16th centuries has several separate plots about Rodrigo. The most interesting question here is which of the plots is the principal one in the cycle and goes back to the authentic folk epic text formed in the oral environment. The analysis undertaken in this article allows us to show, on the one hand, how the plot lives and develops in the tradition and what changes it suffers. On the other hand, comparing the reconstructed plot in the chronicle with the text of the romance allows us to try to identify the original text that is the foundation of the cycle and try to prove the parallel development of plots in romances and chronicles.

Rafael V. Shaidullin

The article analyzes certain moments of life and mentality peculiarities of two outstanding sons of the Tatar people – Gaziz Gubaydullin and Galimjan Ibragimov, who have taken an important place in world historiography with their talent, scientific, literary and journalistic activities. Along with the analysis of individual creative achievements of the individuals under study, the main emphasis in the work is on examining the series of events associated with the socio-political and ethno-cultural realities of the 1920s–1930s. Moreover, the defining characteristic of the activities of the described people is the problem of their relevance, since it is this factor that serves as an attractive moment for studying their lives. The presented episodes of private life in the biography of the declared individuals, favourable or tragic occasions become significant and of particular interest in the light of the characteristics of the national mentality specifics of the Tatar political discourse.

Serwe Fatahi, Narges Jaberinasab, Ahmad Khatami

Folklore is an integral part of every nation’s literature, with a remarkable diversity in type and inclusion. A large part of this literature includes tales, legends, myths, songs, ballads, adages, riddles, and versified games transmitted orally from generation to generation over the centuries. All-important literary genres can be seen in folklore. One of these literary genres is Pastoral literature, which has been specially addressed by western scholars yet a new subject for analysis in the folk literature of the Iranian people with its various languages and dialects. Pastoral literature includes creative works presenting rural life and its landscapes in an ideal way for the audience. In this research, the authors studied the Pastoral literature of the rural areas of Khavmirabad district of Mariwan city based on the lifestyle, particular geographical region, rich language and culture, and literature of the Kurds. The study aimed to provide a background for more familiarity with Pastoral literature and examine its status in Kurdish oral literature, more specifically in Kurdish folk literature. The study results showed that ordinary people had created Pastoral literature in their lives and social failures, regrets, and desires. Research data was collected through library and field studies, and the descriptive-analytical method was adopted.

Juan Manuel Lorenzo-Naveiro, Ivan Solonenko

In this short note we provide an elementary proof of the folklore result in the theory of isometric Lie group actions on Riemannian manifolds asserting that sections of polar actions are totally geodesic.

Lukas Spiegelhofer

We prove a folklore conjecture concerning the sum-of-digits functions in bases two and three: there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that the sum of the binary digits of $n$ equals the sum of the ternary digits of $n$.

Matthew Hedden, Lev Tovstopyat-Nelip

We discuss functoriality properties of the Ozsvath-Szabo contact invariant, and expose a number of results which seemed destined for folklore. We clarify the (in)dependence of the invariant on the basepoint, prove that it is functorial with respect to contactomorphisms, and show that it is strongly functorial under Stein cobordisms.