Longtemps en marge des institutions du marché du travail traditionnelles, les plateformes de travail numériques sont confrontées à une offensive réglementaire. L’Espagne a adopté une série de mesures législatives – en particulier la loi Rider – qui la place aux avant-postes de ce mouvement mondial. À partir d’une étude de cas élargie conduite durant 18 mois auprès de divers acteurs, l’auteur évalue si elle est parvenue à réencastrer les livreurs travaillant via une plateforme dans les relations d’emploi classiques. Il brosse un tableau en demi-teinte: les livreurs ont désormais accès à un salaire fixe, aux congés payés et à la protection sociale, mais leurs espoirs ont été déçus s’agissant du traitement équitable, de l’autonomie et de la confiance mutuelle en raison de pratiques comme l’externalisation, le temps partiel subi et l’intensification de la surveillance. L’inefficacité de la disposition légale qui garantit l’accès des représentants des travailleurs aux algorithmes des plateformes en dit long sur l’ampleur des défis à relever.
Les auteurs examinent la façon dont plusieurs dimensions de la diversité des équipes et plusieurs de leurs caractéristiques influent sur leurs performances. Ils font appel à une régression par étapes, qu’ils appliquent à 911 équipes de vente travaillant pour une multinationale présente dans 39 pays et territoires. Ils montrent que la diversité des nationalités et des langues maternelles parlées, la taille de l’équipe et l’expérience du chef d’équipe à un poste d’encadrement ont un impact significatif sur les performances. L’étude révèle également les implications plus larges de l’inclusion de variables relatives à la diversité dans l’analyse des performances.
Organisations in many countries operate employee stock purchase plans. Research has focused on employees’ current employee stock ownership (ESO) enrolment decision but, as plans are often ongoing forms of compensation, employees will likely have made the decision before. Drawing on the theory of habit, we investigate whether experience of enrolment decisions influences the current enrolment choice. We also consider how decision experience affects the decision-making process. Using employee-level data from two Australian companies, we find that the more an employee has made a particular choice in response to repeated company invitations, the more they are likely to repeat it. We also find that employees with prior experience of ESO enrolment decisions make a quicker decision whether to join or not. Those making the decision for the first time take longer and are more reliant on advice from others. The findings show that understanding share plan participation requires a temporal consideration of employee behaviour.
PurposeWith specific big-data mining worked on 61,522 firm announcements, we discovered a diverse Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP) model in China, called “Core-Staff-Based ESOPs.” Distinct from standard broad-based or executive-based ESOPs, these specific targeted-broad-based ESOPs require the qualification for participants, involving the participation of senior executives, directors at the middle level and any other employees that make particular contributions to firms. We take on the challenge to analyze ESOP mechanism, firm characteristics and performance in the view of organizational ecology and resource-based choice-making, and explore which factors have influenced the ESOP development in China.Design/methodology/approachWe utilize a combination of approaches including qualitative and quantitative methods, and construct the main database of 117,767 firm-quarter data.FindingsFirstly, based upon our institutional research, we find no coercive mechanisms that force all the Chinese listed firms to implement ESOPs since 2005. Secondly, our binary logistic regressions identify ESOP firms’ specific properties significantly distinct from non-ESOP firms, and draw profiles for these ESOP firms. Thirdly, our panel regression test results sustain the rational of ESOP mechanism, demonstrating that ESOPs enable Chinese firms to improve performance both in profits and their industry positions. Finally, with further quantitative tests, we find out this ESOP design’s limitations and the heterogenous effects due to China’s environments.Originality/valueThe discovery of Core-staff-based ESOPs contributes a diversity to the standard framework of ESOPs, enhances our understanding of China’s ESOP development, and provides new evidence for ESOP performance.
Ali Omidi, Reza sepahvand, Amir Hoshang Nazarpouri
et al.
Objective: Fear and hesitation of managers in their decision-making may sometimes cause devastating and irreparable consequences for themselves, employees and organizations. The purpose of this research was to discover and understand the phenomenon of decision-making phobia or decidophobia as well as its types among managers of government agencies.
Research method: This qualitative research was applied in terms of purpose and was descriptive-exploratory in terms of data gathering technique. Phenomenology method (study of the lived experience of people involved in this phobia) was employed to conduct the research. The data collection method was in-depth interviews with the participants. Therefore, based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using purposeful sampling method, 20 public administrators and management professors were selected as the sample.
Findings: In addition to the recognition and understanding of decision-making phobia, the research findings contain the types of this phobia. There are seven main themes, including: situational decision-making phobia, headquarters-supervisory decision-making phobia, social decision-making phobia, legal decision-making phobia, individual-personality decision-making phobia, Job/organizational decision-making phobia and political decision-making phobia.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Purpose From the first PEPPER report in 1991 until this PEPPER V Report the EU has not only expanded from 12 Members States to currently 27 but also faced complex and urgent challenges. Both the financial crisis of 2008/09 and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 2020/21 have left their marks on “Social Europe”. Although the overall dynamic of employee financial participation (EFP) across the EU 27 is positive, EFP is declining in terms of its share of household income in the light of the concentration of capital ownership and of capital income. Along with the issue of distributive justice, other challenges, such as business succession in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that have been on the agenda for decades, and new ones like the extension of EFP to social enterprises, are calling for action.Design/methodology/approach From the comparison of the countries, the cluster analysis and the background of the importance of legal framework and fiscal incentives, two general principles can be derived: (1) establishing EFP schemes through legislation is of primary importance as countries that provide a stable and transparent regulatory framework for EFP also show a wider implementation of EFP practices; (2) when properly designed, fiscal incentives promote the spread of EFP effectively as both countries with a long tradition of tax incentives for EFP (e.g. UK, France) and those with a more recent development (e.g. Austria) confirm.Findings It is against this background that the following policy recommendations should be read. Tax incentives should (and in most countries they actually do) target those taxes, which constitute the heaviest burden in the national taxation system. (1) Tax incentives should be provided for both employees and the employer company. (2) Even substantial tax incentives may prove inefficient when the pre-conditions for eligibility are too restrictive, complex or inflexible. (3) Some forms of tax incentives are more suitable for certain types of plans, e.g. deferred taxation for employee share ownership (ESO), capital gains tax in lieu of personal income tax for dividends and sale of shares, or tax exemptions for matching contributions for European Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs).Originality/value In light of this need for SME action and the great potential for introducing ESO in this enterprise segment, from our recommendations we emphasise in particular: Alleviating the evaluation problem in unlisted SMEs through debt-to-equity-swaps. ESO may initially take the form of an employee loan to the company, creating corporate debt, which is subsequently converted into company shares. Facilitating share transfers in privately held limited liability companies (LLCs) by ending the requisite for notarial certification (Italy and France) or limiting it to the identity of seller and buyer. ESO in SMEs via intermediary entities, e.g. trusts, foundations, LLCs or other special purpose vehicle (SPVs) to hold and administer employee shares (AT, IE, UK, HU, FR, SI, USA).
PurposeThe field of broad-based employee ownership within corporations is a specific application of the foundational topic of property ownership. It is situated at the intersection of a broad range of scholarly disciplines including economics, law, finance and management. Each discipline contributes vocabulary and distinctions describing this field. That broad spectrum of disciplinary inquiry is a strength but it also lends a “ships passing in the night” quality to discussions of employee ownership. This paper attempts to unravel the narrative diversity surrounding this topic. Four meanings of ownership are introduced. Those meanings are in turn embedded within two abstract models of the corporation; the corporation as property and the corporation as social institution.Design/methodology/approachThere is no experimental design The paper presents a conceptual overview and introduces a taxonomy of four meanings and two models of ownership.FindingsFour meanings of ownership are introduced. The meanings are ownership as compensation, investment, retirement and membership. Those meanings are in turn embedded within two abstract models of the corporation; the corporation as property and the corporation as social institution.Research limitations/implicationsNo hypotheses are advanced. This is not a research paper. A conceptual overview that makes use of taxonomy of meanings and models is introduced to help clarify confusions abundant in the field of employee ownership. Readers may differ with the categories of meanings and models introduced in this conceptual overview.Practical implicationsThe ambition of the paper is to describe the various meanings and models of employee ownership presently in use in both academic and applied settings. It is not necessary or desirable to assert the primacy of a single meaning or model in order to achieve progress. The analysis provided here surfaces a range of assumptions about ownership that have heretofore been implicit in both scholarship and in practice. Making those assumptions explicit should prove useful to both scholars and practitioners of employee ownership.Social implicationsThe concept of employee ownership enjoys a relatively broad appeal with the public. Among the academic disciplines that have trained their lights upon it, a more mixed reception prevails. Much of the academic and policy controversy derives from confusion about the nature and structure of employee ownership. This paper attempts to address that confusion by presenting a taxonomy of meanings and models that may prove useful for future research.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first efforts to comprehinsively map the various meanings and models of broad-based employee ownership.
Purpose: This study intended to investigate the effects of organizational support on organizational commitment with the mediating role of organizational
self-esteem.
Methodology: It was a quantitative and descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the study included all employees of the Atlas Dina Distribution Firm (located in the northwest region of Iran). The sample was taken from the statistical population through random and accessible stratum sampling method. To collect data, questionnaires were administered among 186 people. To investigate the relationships among variables, four hypotheses were presented and were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Also, SPSS and SmartPLS tools were applied to interpret the hypotheses and to reach conclusions.
Findings: Organizational support has a positive and significant effect on organizational self-esteem and organizational commitment. On the other hand, organizational self-esteem has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Finally, the results show that organizational self-esteem positively and significantly mediates the relationship between organizational support and organizational commitment. Also, self-esteem and organizational support variables have the greatest impact on emotional commitment from among the dimensions of organizational commitment. In general, organizational support and self-esteem lead to improved commitment in Atlas Dina Firm.
Originality: Investigating the mediating role of organizational self-esteem in the relationship between organizational support and organizational commitment has not been noticed by researchers before. Evaluated in this research, it can create a new perspective for organizations, so that they may develop commitment of employees.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Background & Purpose:Family life and professional life are two inseparable components in people's lives;in such a way that the secret of people's success depends on advancing their goals in these two areas.If a person faces problems and challenges in his professional or family life, their side effects spread through the individual, organization, and the society. The aim of this research is to analyze the narrative inquiry of workaholic programmers from the work-family interface through a gender approach.Methodology:The current qualitative research is a research narrative in terms of interpretive paradigm, inductive theory development approach, and narrative research in terms of research strategy.The data collection instruments are a semi-structured and an open-ended interview. To reach the required data, the interviews continued until saturation was reached, and finally, according to the defined standards and based on targeted sampling, a maximum of 30 participants (15 female and 15 male participants) participated in the current research. Thematic narrative analysis was used to identify the themes and describe the experiences of the participants.Findings: The results uncovered that the general narrative of workaholic women and men differ in the factors affecting work-family relationships, and some factors lead to the strengthening of work-family relationships and others result in addiction to work increases. According to this research, among women, family factors including family orientation, work-family fit, work-family integration, and supportive family lead to more balance between work and family since women have more roles, duties, and responsibilities in home affairs. Also, from the point of view of male programmers, organizational factors such as work addiction, forced overtime, extreme work, income generation, and lack of support from the organization lead to more work addiction and disrupting the work-family balance.Conclusion: Due to the fact that men are the breadwinners and provide the living expenses, which have been entrusted to them for a long time and in a traditional way, if they find themselves in unfavorable economic conditions and are unable to provide for the expenses, they tend to become more addicted to work
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Purpose: Appropriate criteria for the selection and hiring of training and development administrators for local government organizations provide the basis for the implementation of quality training of their employees. Therefore, identifying the competencies needed for these administrators and designing a relevant competency model seems to be increasingly necessary.
Methodology: In terms of research methodology, it was applied and regarding data collection method, it was a qualitative-quantitative study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative section. Using open coding method, all relevant key phrases were extracted and converted into a questionnaire. In the quantitative part, descriptive-survey method was applied. The questionnaires were administered to a statistical sample of 203 human resources staff of local government agencies, who were selected by stratified random sampling method using Morgan table.
Findings: The resulting competencies for administrators were classified into three main components: technical-specialized competencies including skills in assessing training and development effectiveness, skills in planning training and development courses, skills in implementing training and development programs; general competencies including personality-ethical traits; and finally, managerial competencies including communication skills, foresight, accountability, analytical thinking, flexibility, creative thinking, goal orientation, strategic thinking and team building.
Originality: The present study tries to partly fill the gap in theoretical foundations of this field by presenting a competency model for training and development administrators. By presenting a model for the competencies of these administrators, the findings of this study have introduced a new field of knowledge in the related literature.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the acquiring and acquired firms in the context of governance and firm factors on the performance of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) based on the dimensions of Earnings per Share (EPS) and Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) growth.
Methodology: Regarding the methodology, this applied and survey research was empirical and descriptive. The statistical population included all active firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample consisted of blocked trading data related to mergers and acquisitions in the stock exchange. As a result, the final sample included 198 listed M&A firms.
Findings: Results show that the acquiring firms’ characteristics, ownership of institutional investors, rate of return on assets and rate of return on equity of shareholders positively and significantly affect M&A’s performance. In addition, the total assets and trans-industrial nature of acquiring firms positively and significantly affect the performance of merged and acquired firms. Furthermore, the buyer’s institutional ownership, amount of acquired ownership, size of the board and size of the non-executive board, as well as their experience at the time of deal positively and significantly affect the performance of merged and acquired firms. The age of the companies at the time of the deal is also an issue which has its own impact. `
Originality: Our research has valuable contributions to the theory of stewardship, agency theory, and resource-based view, which are comprehensively presented in five panels to measure their impact on the performance of mergers and acquisitions.
Implications: According to the results, governance and firm factors of acquiring firms impact the likelihood success of M&A transaction. Moreover, the necessity of high value of transparency of companies' financial information during mergers and acquisitions has been confirmed.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Mahmoud Gholami, Ali Farhadi, Abdolah Vosoughi
et al.
Background & Purpose: Experienced and specialized managers play an important role in the success of defense organizations. One element of identifying and training such managers is to have an effective performance appraisal system. The performance appraisal system demands a native model appropriate to Jihadi management, native Iranian- Islamic management style. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model for performance appraisal of logistics managers of a defense organization following a Jihadi approach.Methodology: This research is applied regarding purpose and sequential exploratory mixed method in terms of methodology. The statistical population consists of professors and managers of the logistics of a defense organization. In the qualitative part, which used content analysis, 10 individuals were selected through snowball method to participate in the interview. Additionally, 45 persons were chosen via judgmental method to take part in the quantitative part. Data collection instruments were a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed and validated by the current researchers. Both confirmatory factor analysis and the Friedman Test were conducted to analyze the data.Findings: Based on the results of study, a performance appraisal model of logistics managers consisting of 92 indicators, 12 components and 3 dimensions was developed. The ranking uncovered that the functional dimension is the most important dimension of the model.Conclusion: The model presented in this research can be used as a tool or comprehensive criterion to evaluate the performance of logistics managers. It can be employed as an effective guide to promote Jihadi effort and performance among managers of the logistics of defense organization as well.
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Purpose: Contrary to the popular belief that workplace deviations are specific to laborers, they also exist in knowledge environments and manifest themselves in specific ways in knowledge-based companies. Refusing to participate in teamwork and sharing knowledge gained from costly research and development activities are examples of these deviant behaviors. This study intends to investigate into the effects of expertise monopoly on workplace deviations with regard to the intervening role of knowledge concealment as well as the mediating role of teamwork motivation.
Methodology: Based on its purpose, this study is applied and from the perspective of data collection and analysis, it was descriptive applying field-causal method. The statistical population consisted of all managers and specialists of knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. Using stratified-random sampling method, 220 subjects were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach.
Findings: Results show that expertise monopoly through the intervening variable of knowledge concealment positively and significantly affects interpersonal and organizational deviations. Besides, teamwork motivation moderates the effects of employees’ expertise monopoly on knowledge concealment.
Values: Results of this study can be very effective in developing knowledge sharing strategies to reduce retaliatory behaviors of employees in the workplace.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Background & Purpose: Ethical behavior is of particular importance to public agents and it can be seen both as a framework for improving political and administrative actions and a criterion for assessing the amount of commitment of public agents so as to achieve the public benefit. The purpose of this study is to identify the ethical behavior of public agents based on Sa'di's Golestan.Methodology: The present study is exploratory in nature, conducted through inductive approach, and located on the framework of the interpretive paradigm. The second chapter of Sa'di's Golestan serves the data source of the study and theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Validity of the results was assessed and confirmed using census method done by an assessor and their reliability was assessed and confirmed Using Holsty method.Findings: The findings of the present study indicated that the ethical behavior of public agents, based on the second chapter of Sa'di's Golestan, has 48 basic themes, 16 organizing themes, and four comprehensive themes. Comprehensive themes include slavery ethics, individual ethics, social ethics, and political ethics.Conclusion: The explained model can be used as a guide to improve ethical behavior of public agents so as to pay more attention to public benefits, motivate staffs, increase the legitimacy of public agents, and develop political and administrative actions.
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Samad Barani, Manijeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Fallah
et al.
Background & Purpose: Staff readiness and acceptance for the implementation of organizational transformation plans is a basic prerequisite. In this study, the effect of transformational leadership and transparent organizational communication on the openness of employees to accept change with the mediating role of organizational trust has been investigated. Methodology: This is an applied and descriptive research. The statistical population consists of managers and staff of the Social Security Organization of Tehran, from which 269 people were selected randomly. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and . Findings: Transformational leadership and organizational trust have a positive effect on employees' openness to change acceptance. Also, transformational leadership and transparent organizational communication have had a positive effect on organizational trust. The indirect impact of transformational leadership and organizational communication on employee openness to change acceptance through organizational trust has also been acknowledged. But the direct effect of transparent organizational communication on the openness of employees to change acceptance was not significant. Conclusion: Developing transformational leadership and transparent organizational communication can increase employees' awareness of the desired organizational transformation plan and their willingness to participate in its advancement.
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
The sustainable university concept is rooted in prevalent paradigms pertained to economic, social and environmental development, which all focus on systemic thought and rationality; besides, they tend to discover and solve problems by applying an interdisciplinary approach. However, the epistemic component is what these paradigms have ignored. The purpose of this study is to explain a methodology for the shift from current paradigms to spiritual ones for sustainable higher education. To reach this end, meta-synthesis method was applied, based on which 46 qualitative researches covering sustainability domain were gathered and their findings were analyzed and evaluated. The viewpoints of these studies were put together and synthesized to introduce a more comprehensive substitute. Results show that the dynamic spiritual paradigm based on wisdom and objective knowledge is in line with the divine wisdom of Iranian universities.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
The article gives an overview on the situation of firm-level employee representation in the private sector in Switzerland: Where are they frequent? Which formal status do they enjoy? What are the topics they deal with? How do they position themselves between the affiliation to the firm and the interconnection beyond the limits of the firm? We show that the strong decentralisation of industrial relations in Switzerland leads to regulations and conventions at branch and firm level with a much larger impact on the practice than legal regulations.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss diverse matters concerning the field of Participation and Employee Ownership (PEO) coinciding with the launch of theJPEO.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used mixed methods including bibliometric analysis.FindingsSignificant gaps exist in our knowledge of the scope and nature of PEO. Citation counts illustrate both the changing composition of research within PEO and faster relative growth than terms used to describe related fields such as labor unions and trade unions. Based on manually collected citation data I identify the most highly cited studies within PEO. Few of these studies attain a “home-run” citation count. However, PEO scholars are cited 19 percent more than economists in top 30 schools and the median C5 (total citations for the author’s five most highly cited papers) is more than 260 percent of the median for economists in “top 30” institutions. There is also some weak evidence that the citation bias in economics against female scholars is not as marked in PEO as elsewhere. A qualitative assessment of PEO studies suggests markedly uneven progress in empirical work across types of PEO.Originality/valueNo similar review has been done before.